Bone defect healing is induced by collagen sponge/polyglycolic acid

J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2019 Mar 6;30(3):33. doi: 10.1007/s10856-019-6235-9.

Abstract

We have evaluated the capability of a collagen/poly glycolic acid (PGA) scaffold in regeneration of a calvarial bone defects in rabbits. 4 bone critical size defects (CSD) were created in the calvarial bone of each rabbit. The following 4 treatment modalities were tested (1) a collagen/PGA scaffold (0.52% w/w); (2) the collagen/PGA scaffold (0.52% w/w) seeded with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs, 1 × 106 cells per each defect); (3) AD-MSCs (1 × 106 cells) no scaffold material, and (4) blank control. The rabbits were then divided into 3 random groups (of 5) and the treatment outcomes were evaluated at 4, 8 and 12 weeks. New bone formation was histologically assessed. Experimental groups were analyzed by CT scan and real-time PCR. Histological analysis of bone defects treated with collagen/PGA alone exhibited significant fibrous connective tissue formation at the 12 weeks of treatments (P ≤ 0.05). There was no significant difference between collagen/PGA alone and collagen/PGA + AD-MSCs groups. The results were confirmed by CT scan data showing healing percentages of 34.20% for the collage/PGA group alone as compared to the control group and no difference with collagen/PGA containing AD-MSCs (1 × 106 cells). RT-PCR analysis also indicated no significant differences between collagen/PGA and collagen/PGA + AD-MSC groups, although both scaffold containing groups significantly express ALP and SIO rather than groups without scaffolds. Although there was no significant difference between the scaffolds containing cells with non-cellular scaffolds, our results indicated that the Collagen/PGA scaffold itself had a significant effect on wound healing as compared to the control group. Therefore, the collagen/PGA scaffold seems to be a promising candidate for research in bone regeneration.

MeSH terms

  • Adipose Tissue / cytology
  • Animals
  • Biocompatible Materials
  • Bone Regeneration*
  • Bone and Bones / injuries
  • Bone and Bones / pathology*
  • Cell Differentiation
  • Cell Lineage
  • Chondrocytes / cytology
  • Collagen / chemistry*
  • Female
  • Fibroblasts / metabolism
  • Fracture Healing
  • Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation
  • Mesenchymal Stem Cells / cytology
  • Polyglycolic Acid / chemistry*
  • Rabbits
  • Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Tissue Scaffolds / chemistry*
  • Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  • Wound Healing*

Substances

  • Biocompatible Materials
  • Polyglycolic Acid
  • Collagen