RNAi-mediated knockdown of daf-12 in the model parasitic nematode Strongyloides ratti

PLoS Pathog. 2019 Mar 29;15(3):e1007705. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007705. eCollection 2019 Mar.

Abstract

The gene daf-12 has long shown to be involved in the dauer pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Due to the similarities of the dauer larvae of C. elegans and infective larvae of certain parasitic nematodes such as Strongyloides spp., this gene has also been suspected to be involved in the development of infective larvae. Previous research has shown that the application of dafachronic acid, the steroid hormone ligand of DAF-12 in C. elegans, affects the development of infective larvae and metabolism in Strongyloides. However, a lack of tools for either forward or reverse genetics within Strongyloides has limited studies of gene function within these important parasites. After determining whether Strongyloides had the requisite proteins for RNAi, we developed and report here the first successful RNAi by soaking protocol for Strongyloides ratti (S. ratti) and use this protocol to study the functions of daf-12 within S. ratti. Suppression of daf-12 in S. ratti severely impairs the formation of infective larvae of the direct cycle and redirects development towards the non-infective (non-dauer) free-living life cycle. Further, daf-12(RNAi) S. ratti produce slightly but significantly fewer offspring and these offspring are developmentally delayed or incapable of completing their development to infective larvae (L3i). Whilst the successful daf-12(RNAi) L3i are still able to infect a new host, the resulting infection is less productive and shorter lived. Further, daf-12 knockdown affects metabolism in S. ratti resulting in a shift from aerobic towards anaerobic fat metabolism. Finally, daf-12(RNAi) S. ratti have reduced tolerance of temperature stress.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Sequence / genetics
  • Animals
  • Caenorhabditis elegans
  • Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / genetics*
  • Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / metabolism
  • Cholestenes
  • Female
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / genetics
  • Gene Knockdown Techniques / methods*
  • Helminth Proteins
  • Larva
  • Life Cycle Stages
  • Phylogeny
  • RNA Interference / physiology
  • RNA, Small Interfering / genetics
  • Rats
  • Rats, Wistar
  • Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / genetics*
  • Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / metabolism
  • Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
  • Strongyloides ratti / genetics*
  • Strongyloides ratti / metabolism

Substances

  • Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins
  • Cholestenes
  • DAF-12 protein, C elegans
  • Helminth Proteins
  • RNA, Small Interfering
  • Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear
  • dafachronic acid

Grants and funding

This work was funded by the Max Planck Society (AD and AS) (https://www.mpg.de/de). The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.