Melanoma on chronically sun-damaged skin: Lentigo maligna and desmoplastic melanoma

J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019 Sep;81(3):823-833. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.03.066. Epub 2019 Mar 28.

Abstract

There are multiple, genetically distinct pathways that give rise to melanoma. Melanomas on sun-damaged skin (MSDS), including lentigo maligna and desmoplastic melanoma, have distinct genetic profiles and are uniquely linked to chronic ultraviolet exposure. In this article, we discuss the etiologies of lentigo maligna and desmoplastic melanoma, emerging diagnostic adjuncts that might be helpful for accurately identifying these lesions, and the clinical relevance of their frequent co-occurrence. We present unique and overlapping features of these entities and discuss challenges in MSDS management, including margin assessment, excision, and the potential role of nonsurgical therapy. Last, we address the role of immunotherapy in invasive disease. Understanding MSDS as distinct from melanoma arising on intermittently sun-exposed or sun-protected skin will ultimately help optimize patient outcomes.

Keywords: dermoscopy; desmoplastic melanoma; lentigo maligna melanoma; melanoma; reflectance confocal microscopy; sun-damaged skin.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • B7-H1 Antigen / genetics
  • Biopsy
  • Dermatologic Surgical Procedures
  • Dermoscopy
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Humans
  • Hutchinson's Melanotic Freckle / diagnosis*
  • Hutchinson's Melanotic Freckle / etiology
  • Hutchinson's Melanotic Freckle / therapy
  • Imiquimod / therapeutic use
  • Immunotherapy / methods
  • Margins of Excision
  • Microscopy, Confocal
  • Mutation Rate
  • Neoplasm Invasiveness / genetics
  • Neoplasm Invasiveness / pathology
  • Neurofibromin 1 / genetics
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / genetics
  • Radiotherapy, Adjuvant
  • Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
  • Skin / diagnostic imaging
  • Skin / pathology*
  • Skin / radiation effects
  • Skin Aging / pathology
  • Skin Aging / radiation effects
  • Skin Neoplasms / diagnosis*
  • Skin Neoplasms / etiology
  • Skin Neoplasms / therapy
  • Sunlight / adverse effects*
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • B7-H1 Antigen
  • CD274 protein, human
  • NF1 protein, human
  • Neurofibromin 1
  • KIT protein, human
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit
  • Imiquimod