Electrospinning is always used to fabricate one-dimensional nanofibers. Cylindrical fibers are formed during the spinning process due to the minimal-surface principle. However, when the moving jet has high rigidity, which can counteract the surface tension for a minimal surface, beltlike fibers can be obtained. Using the Hall⁻Petch effect, the rigidity of the moving jet can be greatly enhanced by adding nanoparticles. Polyethylene glycol with a nanometric crystallite size of 4 nm and ZrO₂ nanoparticles are used as additives in the experiment, a theoretical analysis is carried out, and the theoretical predictions are verified experimentally.
Keywords: Taylor cone; dropping process; graphene; mathematical model; molecule junction; nanoparticle; surfactants and dispersing agents; two-dimensional material.