Background: In most parts of the world, nursing historically has been considered an occupation for women. Gender stereotypes are associated with the nursing profession.
Aim: The aim was to describe and compare the self-reported competence in female and male nursing students. The students were also compared according to their different background college educations. The theoretical framework of hegemonic masculinity and femininity was used.
Design: A cross-sectional design with a questionnaire was used at two points in time, 2012 and 2017.
Methods: Nursing students completed a questionnaire on graduation from a 3-year university nursing program from 12 universities/university colleges in Sweden. In total, 1810 students were participating, 1577 female and 227 male students. The Nurse Professional Competence scale was used for data collection.
Results: There were statistically significant differences in the self-reported competence between female and male students (t tests and ANOVAs). These differences are in agreement with the patterns of hegemonic masculinity and femininity. Female students estimated their competence in giving value-based nursing care as higher than males. Male students estimated their competence in development and leadership higher than females.
Conclusion: The pattern of hegemonic masculinity and femininity could be identified. This indicates a difference in power between female and male students.
Impact: The study addresses the self-reported competence of female and male nursing students. The results indicated that male students possibly looked on themselves as superior to the female students. In order to change the image of nursing as a woman´s work, the self-images should be discussed in nursing education as well as in college education. Women interested in development, research, and leadership and men interested in nursing care and administration must feel that nursing is a suitable profession for them. The stereotypical image of nursing as a women's work is a barrier to nurses' professional development.
背景: 在全世界大部分地区,护理历来被认为是女性专属职业。性别刻板印象与护理专业有关。 目的: 此项研究目的是为了描述和比较男女护士学生的自我报告能力。我们根据这些学生不同的大学教育背景对学生进行比较,并使用了霸权男性气质和女性气质的理论框架。 设计: 在2012年和2017年这两个时间点使用问卷进行横断面设计。 方法: 自瑞典12个大学或大学学院的3年制大学护理课程毕业的护理学生完成了一份问卷。共有1810名学生参加,其中有1577名女性学生和227名性男学生。我们使用护士专业能力量表完成了数据收集。 结果: 男女学生的自我报告能力之间有统计学差异(t检验和方差分析)。这些差异与霸权男性气质和女性气质的模式一致。女性学生认为其提供基于价值的护理能力高于男性学生。男性学生认为他们的发展和领导能力要比女生高。 结论: 可以确定护理学生中出现了霸权男性气质和女性气质的模式。这表明男性和女性学生之间存在能力差异。 影响: 此项研究旨在探讨男女护理学生的自我报告能力。研究结果表明,男性学生可能认为自己比女性学生更加优秀。为了改变护理是女性专属职业的印象,应该在护理教育以及大学教育中探讨自我形象。应该使得对发展、研究和领导感兴趣的女性和对护理和管理感性的男性认为护理是适合自己的职业。护理是女性的专属职业,这样的刻板印象是护士专业发展路上的阻碍。.
Keywords: gender imbalance; hegemonic femininity; hegemonic masculinity; nursing education; nursing students; self-reported competence.
© 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.