Background: Dying at home is the most frequent preference, with the institutionalized context being the most common place of death. To determine the place of death in conditions requiring palliative care of residents in Spain aged 15 or over by Autonomous Community (AC) and to examine the relationship with oncological vs. non-oncological causes of death.
Methods: Population-based cross-sectional study analysing medical death certificates. Adjusted effects of socio-demographic variables, AC and causes on the place of death were estimated calculating odds of death in hospital vs. at home (O-H/H) and in a nursing home vs. at home (O-N/H), and odds ratio (OR-H/H and OR-N/H) by multinomial logistic regression models.
Results: During 2012-2015, 1,611,767 deaths were recorded, 64.8% corresponding to the target population. Death in hospital was 77% more frequent than death at home, while death in a nursing home was 53% lower. Male sex, lower age, lower academic level, place of birth other than Spain, bigger city size and civil status other than married displayed a relationship with death in hospital, while the same variables except female sex and higher age did so in a nursing home. Adjusted O-H/H higher than 1 and O-N/H lower than 1 were observed in all AC, except Catalonia. Oncological causes made O-H/H lower than 1 in almost 50% of AC, while O-N/H continue to be lower than 1.
Conclusions: Most deaths were in hospital and fewer at nursing homes, despite oncological causes increasing deaths at home (adjusted effect).