1 Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA. tonyhu@tulane.edu.
2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. mfrieman@som.umaryland.edu.
3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA. wolfram.joy@mayo.edu.
4 Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA. wolfram.joy@mayo.edu.
5 Department of Transplantation, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA. wolfram.joy@mayo.edu.
6 Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA. wolfram.joy@mayo.edu.
Chloroquine — an approved malaria drug — is known in nanomedicine research for the investigation of nanoparticle uptake in cells, and may have potential for the treatment of COVID-19.