The upsurge in the need of targeted controlled drug delivery (TCDD) has led to the invention of remarkable biomaterials with improved biocompatibility and biodegradability. In recent years, "Smart Polymers" have emerged as a potential candidate, competing with the existing hydrogel systems used for controlled drug delivery. This article is an effort to highlight the diverse applications of hydrogels for revolutionizing the present research on drug delivery systems. This article summarizes the role of hydrogels as delivery vehicles for drugs used in various disorders related to the brain and other distinct parts of the human body. The clinical application and toxicological aspects of hydrogels are also highlighted. Their potential for diagnostics and various therapeutic interventions against tuberculosis have been reviewed. In addition, the limitations and future prospectives in the development of biopolymeric hydrogels are discussed.