Evaluation of marginal bone loss around dental implants in cigarette smokers and nonsmokers. A comparative study

Jazib Nazeer; Rohit Singh; Prerna Suri; C D Mouneshkumar; Shweta Bhardwaj; Md Asad Iqubal; Dinesh

doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1023_19

Evaluation of marginal bone loss around dental implants in cigarette smokers and nonsmokers. A comparative study

J Family Med Prim Care. 2020 Feb 28;9(2):729-734. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1023_19. eCollection 2020 Feb.

Authors

Jazib Nazeer¹, Rohit Singh², Prerna Suri³, C D Mouneshkumar⁴, Shweta Bhardwaj⁵, Md Asad Iqubal⁶, Dinesh⁷

Affiliations

¹ Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Patna Dental College and Hospital, Bihar, India.
² Department of Prosthodontics Crown Bridge and Implantology, Patna Dental College and Hospital, Bihar, India.
³ Private Practitioner and Consultant Orthodontist, Mumbai, India.
⁴ Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Deemed to be University, Karad, Maharashtra, India.
⁵ BDS, MPH, Calgary, Canada.
⁶ Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Patna Dental College and Hospital, Bihar, India.
⁷ Private Practitioner and Consultant Periodontist, New Delhi, India.

Abstract

Background: The overall success of osteointegrated dental implants depends on various factors. The deleterious effects of smoking on wound healing after the tooth extraction and its association with poor quality of bone are well documented. Similar effects of tobacco use on the success of dental implants are expected. Cigarette smoke mainly contains nicotine that delays the bone healing and increases the rate of infections at the implant insertion site.

Aim: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate and compare the marginal bone loss around dental implants in smokers and nonsmokers.

Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 500 individuals who received dental implants in maxillary or mandibular edentulous regions from 2010 to 2017. The sample was divided into two groups: Group I (smokers, n = 280) and Group II (nonsmokers, n = 220). Marginal bone loss was measured on mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual side of each implant using periapical radiographs 3 months after loading, 6 months after loading, and 12 months after loading.

Results: The crestal bone loss around dental implants was significantly greater in smokers (Group I) as compared to nonsmokers (Group II) irrespective of the duration of loading (P < 0.001). Marginal bone loss did vary significantly by location in either groups.

Conclusion: Smoking overall lowers the success rate of dental implants. Increased duration and frequency of smoking leads to a greater degree of marginal bone loss around dental implants.

Keywords: Dental implants; marginal bone loss; smoking.