Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue: Distinct epidemiological profile disease

Head Neck. 2020 Sep;42(9):2316-2320. doi: 10.1002/hed.26177. Epub 2020 Apr 22.

Abstract

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) occurs in different subsites within the oral cavity. Our goal was to investigate the epidemiological features of OSCC with relation to age and subsite.

Methods: Retrospective review of all patients treated for OSCC in a tertiary care center between 2000 and 2018.

Results: A total of 360 patients were included. Five age groups were defined: 0 to 30, 31 to 45, 46 to 60, 61 to 75, and 76+. In the 0 to 30 and 31 to 45 groups, 94.6% of tumors originated in the oral tongue compared to 87%, 66%, and 61% in the 46 to 60, 61 to 75, and 76+ groups, respectively (P < .001). A higher proportion of oral tongue SCC (OTSCC) was found in nonsmokers (76% vs 62%, P = .02). In nonsmokers aged 0 to 60, 97.9% had OTSCC compared to 67.5% in the 61+ groups (P < .001).

Conclusions: OSCC in young nonsmokers originates primarily in the tongue. The etiology of OTSCC in young patients may be different than other OSCC subsites and not related to smoking.

Keywords: epidemiological profile; oral cavity cancer; oral tongue cancer; risk factors; young patients.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* / epidemiology
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Middle Aged
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Tongue
  • Tongue Neoplasms* / epidemiology
  • Young Adult