Cardiorespiratory effects of epidurally administered ketamine or lidocaine in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy surgery: a comparative study

A E Miranda-Cortés; A G Ruiz-García; A E Olivera-Ayub; G Garza-Malacara; J G Ruiz-Cervantes; J A Toscano-Zapien; I Hernández-Avalos

Cardiorespiratory effects of epidurally administered ketamine or lidocaine in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy surgery: a comparative study

Iran J Vet Res. 2020 Spring;21(2):92-96.

Authors

A E Miranda-Cortés¹, A G Ruiz-García¹, A E Olivera-Ayub², G Garza-Malacara³, J G Ruiz-Cervantes⁴, J A Toscano-Zapien⁵, I Hernández-Avalos⁴

Affiliations

¹ Section of Pharmacology and Veterinary Therapeutics, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Veterinary Anesthesia, Faculty of Higher Studies Cuautitlan, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuautitlan Izcalli, Mexico State, 54714, Mexico.
² Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico.
³ Department of Canine Clinic, Faculty of Higher Studies Cuautitlan, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico State, 54714, Mexico.
⁴ Department of Biological Sciences, and Clinical Pharmacology and Veterinary Anesthesia, Faculty of Higher Studies Cuautitlan, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Cuautitlan Izcalli, Mexico State, 54714, Mexico.
⁵ MSc Student in Neurology Area, Research Unit of Pediatric Hospital Century XXI, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City, 06725, Mexico.

PMID: 32849886
PMCID: PMC7430370

Abstract

Background: Analgesic and hemodynamic effects of ketamine in subanesthetic doses during surgical anesthesia and postoperative, are due to the action on the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR).

Aims: To evaluate the intraoperative cardiorespiratory effects provided by ketamine compared to lidocaine, both administered epidurally, in bitches submitted to ovariohysterectomy.

Methods: Thirty-six dogs of different breeds were used in a randomized, prospective, and blinded clinical trial. Two groups were formed: G_KET (ketamine 3 mg/kg, n=18) and G_LIDO (lidocaine 4 mg/kg, n=18). Animals were premedicated with acepromazine 0.05 mg/kg intravenous. Anesthesia was induced with propofol 5 mg/kg intravenous. Anesthetic maintenance was performed with isoflurane in 100% oxygen. Every 5 min during surgery, heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), esophageal temperature (°C), oxygen saturation (SPO₂), end tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO₂) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were monitored.

Results: Cardiorespiratory variables during anesthesia were within normal ranges. Heart rate was significantly higher at 5 (108 ± 12 vs 95 ± 11) and 10 (110 ± 11 vs 97 ± 11) min in G_KET compared to G_LIDO after the start of surgery (P=0.03 and P=0.01, respectively). Mean arterial pressure was higher in G_KET, (100 ± 23, 105 ± 35, and 103 ± 35 mmHg) in comparison with G_LIDO (66 ± 7, 74 ± 10, and 67 ± 9 mmHg) at 20, 25 and 30 min (P=0.01, P=0.004, and P=0.002, respectively). Mild hypothermia at 25 (36.5 1.3C) and 30 (36.5 1.4C) min in the G_KET was recorded.

Conclusion: Epidural administration of ketamine provides better hemodynamic stability, compared to the use of epidural lidocaine.

Keywords: Analgesia; Dog; Epidural; Ketamine; Lidocaine.