Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Detection: Hopes and Hypes

Trends Cancer. 2021 Feb;7(2):122-133. doi: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.09.003. Epub 2020 Sep 30.

Abstract

Early cancer diagnosis is critical for improving patient survival and mortality rates, but most diagnostics on solid tumors rely on imaging tests with limited sensitivity and specificity to identify potential cases, which are then confirmed by tissue biopsies. However, this process is usually not suitable for cancer screening or evaluation of tumor responses to treatment. Liquid biopsies have the potential to bridge this gap, but few such assays have been approved for cancer applications. Extracellular vesicles hold particular promise for liquid biopsy diagnostics but are currently limited by the lack of robust methods for isolation and analysis. New isolation and analysis techniques, however, show promise to improve the clinical utility of extracellular vesicle-based cancer diagnosis.

Keywords: cancer; early detection; extracellular vesicle; liquid biopsy.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Biomarkers, Tumor / blood*
  • Biomarkers, Tumor / genetics
  • Biomarkers, Tumor / metabolism
  • Circulating Tumor DNA / blood
  • Circulating Tumor DNA / genetics
  • Early Detection of Cancer / methods*
  • Extracellular Vesicles / genetics
  • Extracellular Vesicles / metabolism
  • Extracellular Vesicles / pathology*
  • Humans
  • Liquid Biopsy / methods
  • Neoplasms / blood
  • Neoplasms / diagnosis*
  • Neoplasms / genetics
  • Neoplasms / pathology

Substances

  • Biomarkers, Tumor
  • Circulating Tumor DNA