Lead (Pb) bioaccumulation and antioxidative responses in Tetraena qataranse

Sci Rep. 2020 Oct 13;10(1):17070. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-73621-z.

Abstract

Lead (Pb) is the second most toxic metal on Earth and is toxic to humans and other living things. In plants, Pb commonly inhibits growth when it is at a concentration in the soil of 30 mg/kg or more but several Pb tolerant plants have been reported. However, few studies have focused on plant response to Pb exposure, particularly at concentrations higher than 30 mg/kg. The assessment and evaluation of metal dose-dependent plant responses will assist in future phytoremediation studies. Therefore, this work documents the Pb concentration-dependent antioxidative response in Tetraena qataranse. Young seedlings were irrigated with 0, 25, 50, and 100 mg/L Pb every 48 h for seven weeks under greenhouse conditions. A phytotoxicity test showed that at the lowest treatment concentration, Pb stimulates growth. However, at 100 mg/L (1600 mg/kg Pb in the growth medium at harvest), the metal disrupted healthy growth in T. qataranse, particularly root development. Metal accumulation in the root was higher (up to 2784 mg/kg) than that of the shoot (1141.6 mg/kg). Activity assays of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione reductase (GR) showed a progressive increase in enzymatic activities due to Pb treatment. Together, the results of this study suggest that T. qataranse is a Pb hyperaccumulator. Increased antioxidant enzyme activity was essential to maintaining cellular homeostasis and assisted in the arid plant's tolerance to Pb stress.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Antioxidants / metabolism
  • Ascorbate Peroxidases / metabolism
  • Bioaccumulation
  • Biodegradation, Environmental
  • Catalase / metabolism
  • Glutathione Reductase / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Lead / pharmacokinetics*
  • Lead / toxicity*
  • Peroxidase / metabolism
  • Plant Proteins / metabolism
  • Qatar
  • Soil Pollutants / pharmacokinetics
  • Soil Pollutants / toxicity
  • Superoxide Dismutase / metabolism
  • Zygophyllaceae / drug effects*
  • Zygophyllaceae / growth & development
  • Zygophyllaceae / metabolism*

Substances

  • Antioxidants
  • Plant Proteins
  • Soil Pollutants
  • Lead
  • guaiacol peroxidase
  • Ascorbate Peroxidases
  • Catalase
  • Peroxidase
  • Superoxide Dismutase
  • Glutathione Reductase