1 Stanford-Surgery Policy Improvement, Research and Education Center, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
2 Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Torrance, California.
3 Statistical Editor, JAMA Surgery.
4 Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.