Determination of the antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer properties of the honey phenolic extract of five different regions of Bingöl province

Bingol is a famous region for honey in Turkey. The amount of phenolic substance is also considered important for the anticancer, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of honey. Anticancer activity of honey extract was determined as the most effective dose of 1 mg/mL using the WST1 anti-proliferation kit in the PC-3 cell line. Total phenol content were found between 476.09 ± 1.67 and 865.22 ± 3.57 mg GAE/100 g honey, total flavonoid content 41.67 ± 0.25 and 1249.74 ± 0.85 mg QE/100 g honey, total phenolic acid content 0.74 ± 0.21 and 58.35 ± 1.56 mg SA/100 g honey, β-carotene 1.71 ± 0.06-3.61 ± 0.08 mg/kg honey, lycopene content 0.89 ± 0.03 and 3.41 ± 0.08 mg/kg honey, respectively. Percent removal of H₂O₂ was determined in the range of 69.79 ± 1.24 and 75.37 ± 1.72 at 10 mg/mL. DPPH percentage removal for 200 mg/mL was between 69.79 ± 1.24 and 75.37 ± 1.72. Phenolic compounds in honey extract were determined as gallic acid, caffeic acid, syringe acid, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, catechin, quercetin, chrysin using HPLC analysis. The honey extracts were tested on Gram(+) and Gram(-) bacteria and yeast and their antimicrobial effects were determined. As a result, phenolic honey extraction, performed from five loci from the region of interest, showed anticancer, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, and can be used as a functional food additive to replace synthetic counterparts.