Cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis secondary to COVID-19 infection leading to extensive skin necrosis

Clin Dermatol. 2022 Jul-Aug;40(4):397-401. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2022.02.013. Epub 2022 Mar 4.

Abstract

A wide range of extrapulmonary manifestations in patients with COVID-19 has been reported during the ongoing pandemic, thus making the clinical spectrum of this new disease very heterogeneous. While COVID-19-associated vasculitis and vasculopathy have been described, cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis (cLcV) due to SARS-CoV-2 has rarely been reported, and if it has, with relatively mild courses. We present the case of a 93-year-old man who, after having survived classic COVID-19 infection, developed a fulminant cLcV leading to extensive skin necrosis and tissue damage that resulted in his death. Considering the negative workup for other triggers of vasculitis, we find that cLcV is a secondary manifestation of COVID-19, even though SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction in the skin biopsy was not present in the tissue. We hypothesize this by providing a pathophysiologic rationale (eg, SARS-CoV-2-induced endotheliitis, complement activation, and interleukin 6 dominant intra- and perivascular inflammation).

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Aged, 80 and over
  • COVID-19* / complications
  • Humans
  • Interleukin-6 / adverse effects
  • Male
  • Necrosis / pathology
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • Skin / pathology
  • Skin Diseases, Vascular* / pathology
  • Vasculitis* / complications
  • Vasculitis, Leukocytoclastic, Cutaneous* / etiology

Substances

  • Interleukin-6