Extended psychiatric and pediatric examinations were performed on patients with the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). A subgroup of these patients underwent psychological testing to measure intelligence, visual perception, and psycholinguistic abilities. Psychopathology was also studied in a matched control group. The investigation revealed a broad scale of developmental hazards and psychopathologic symptoms indicating the negative long-range effects of alcohol abuse during pregnancy. The extent of morphologic damage was found to be a good predictor of psychopathology and mental impairment. Social environment and socioeconomic status appear less important as predictors.