Trace element intakes and dietary phytate/Zn and Ca x phytate/Zn millimolar ratios of periurban Guatemalan women during the third trimester of pregnancy

Am J Clin Nutr. 1993 Feb;57(2):195-201. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/57.2.195.

Abstract

Repeated 24-h recalls (9-14/subject) were conducted on 52 periurban Guatemalan pregnant women aged 25 +/- 5 y (means +/- SD). Intakes of energy, protein, calcium, zinc, copper, manganese, nonstarch polysaccharide (NSP), phytate, and millimolar ratios of phytate to zinc and (calcium x phytate) to zinc were calculated from food-composition values on the basis of chemical analysis and the literature. Mean (+/- SD) daily intakes were as follows: energy 8694 +/- 1674 kJ, protein 63.0 +/- 13.3 g, calcium 727 +/- 163, zinc 11.3 +/- 2.7, copper 1.3 +/- 0.3, manganese 2.8 +/- 0.6, phytate 2254 +/- 773 mg/d, NSP 26.6 +/- 6.9 g, phytate/zinc 18.8 +/- 4.2, (calcium x phytate)/zinc 706 +/- 21 mmol/MJ. Ninety-four percent had zinc intakes below the recommendations (15 mg) of WHO and the US recommended dietary allowances, assuming 20% absorption. Tortillas were a major source of zinc (46%), copper (20%), manganese (23%), calcium (39%), phytate (68%), and NSP (50%); 19% zinc from flesh foods. Thirty-eight percent had phytate-zinc ratios > 20; 94% had millimolar ratios of (calcium x phytate) to zinc per MJ > or = 22. The high prevalence of millimolar ratios of phytate to zinc and (calcium x phytate) to zinc per MJ above 20 and 22, respectively, may compromise zinc nutriture.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Calcium / administration & dosage
  • Copper / administration & dosage
  • Dairy Products
  • Diet*
  • Dietary Proteins / administration & dosage
  • Energy Intake
  • Fabaceae
  • Female
  • Food
  • Guatemala
  • Humans
  • Manganese / administration & dosage
  • Phytic Acid / administration & dosage*
  • Plants, Medicinal
  • Pregnancy
  • Pregnancy Trimester, Third
  • Trace Elements / administration & dosage*
  • Urban Population
  • Zea mays
  • Zinc / administration & dosage*

Substances

  • Dietary Proteins
  • Trace Elements
  • Manganese
  • Copper
  • Phytic Acid
  • Zinc
  • Calcium