Modified Coptic Cross Shaped Split-Ring Resonator Based Negative Permittivity Metamaterial for Quad Band Satellite Applications with High Effective Medium Ratio

Md Bellal Hossain; Mohammad Rashed Iqbal Faruque; Mohammad Tariqul Islam; Mayeen Uddin Khandaker; Nissren Tamam; Abdelmoneim Sulieman

doi:10.3390/ma15093389

Modified Coptic Cross Shaped Split-Ring Resonator Based Negative Permittivity Metamaterial for Quad Band Satellite Applications with High Effective Medium Ratio

Materials (Basel). 2022 May 9;15(9):3389. doi: 10.3390/ma15093389.

Authors

Md Bellal Hossain¹, Mohammad Rashed Iqbal Faruque¹, Mohammad Tariqul Islam², Mayeen Uddin Khandaker³, Nissren Tamam⁴, Abdelmoneim Sulieman⁵

Affiliations

¹ Space Science Centre (ANGKASA), Institute of Climate Change (IPI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
² Department of Electrical, Electronic & Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
³ Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
⁴ Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Prince Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University, P.O. Box 422, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

This research article describes a modified Coptic cross shaped split ring resonator (SRR) based metamaterial that exhibits a negative permittivity and refractive index with a permeability of nearly zero. The metamaterial unit cell consists of an SRR and modified Coptic cross shaped resonator providing quadruple resonance frequency at 2.02, 6.985, 9.985 and 14.425 GHz with the magnitude of -29.45, -25.44, -19.05, and -24.45 dB, respectively. The unit cell that was fabricated on a FR-4 substrate with a thickness of 1.6 mm has an electrical dimension of 0.074λ × 0.074λ; the wavelength (λ) is computed at the frequency of 2.02 GHz. The computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio was employed to determine the scattering parameters and their effective medium properties, i.e., permittivity, permeability and refractive index, also calculated based on NRW (Nicolson-Ross-Weir) method through the implementation of MATLAB code. The frequency range of 2.02-2.995 GHz, 6.985-7.945 GHz, 9.985-10.6 GHz, and 14.425-15.445 GHz has been found for negative permittivity. An effective medium ratio (EMR) of 13.50 at 2.02 GHz shows that the proposed unit cell is compact and effective. The lumped component based equivalent circuit model is used to validate with simulation results. The proposed unit cell and its array were fabricated for experimental verification. The results show that the simulation result using CST and high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) simulator, equivalent circuit model result using advanced design system (ADS) simulator and measurement results match each other better. Its near zero permeability, negative permittivity, negative refractive index, high EMR and simple unit cell design allow the proposed metamaterial to be used for S-, C-, X- and Ku-band satellite applications.

Keywords: Coptic cross; negative permittivity; satellite application.

Grants and funding

The authors express their gratitude to Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project (Grant No. PNURSP2022R12), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.