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Death domain of Ankyrin-1 Death Domain (DD) of the human protein ankyrin-1 (ANK-1) and related proteins. Ankyrins are modular proteins comprising three conserved domains, an N-terminal membrane-binding domain containing ANK repeats, a spectrin-binding domain and a C-terminal DD. ANK-1, also called ankyrin-R (for restricted), is found in brain, muscle, and erythrocytes and is thought to function in linking integral membrane proteins to the underlying cytoskeleton. It plays a critical nonredundant role in erythroid development and is associated with hereditary spherocytosis (HS), a common disorder of the red cell membrane. The small alternatively-spliced variant, sANK-1, found in striated muscle and concentrated in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) binds obscurin and titin, which facilitates the anchoring of the network SR to the contractile apparatus. In general, DDs are protein-protein interaction domains found in a variety of domain architectures. Their common feature is that they form homodimers by self-association or heterodimers by associating with other members of the DD superfamily including CARD (Caspase activation and recruitment domain), DED (Death Effector Domain), and PYRIN. They serve as adaptors in signaling pathways and can recruit other proteins into signaling complexes.
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