Heme-copper oxidase subunit I. Heme-copper oxidases are transmembrane protein complexes in ...
24-453
6.66e-64
Heme-copper oxidase subunit I. Heme-copper oxidases are transmembrane protein complexes in the respiratory chains of prokaryotes and mitochondria which catalyze the reduction of O2 and simultaneously pump protons across the membrane. The superfamily is diverse in terms of electron donors, subunit composition, and heme types. The number of subunits varies from three to five in bacteria and up to 13 in mammalian mitochondria. It has been proposed that Archaea acquired heme-copper oxidases through gene transfer from Gram-positive bacteria. Membership in the superfamily is defined by subunit I, which contains a heme-copper binuclear center (the active site where O2 is reduced to water) formed by a high-spin heme and a copper ion. It also contains a low-spin heme, believed to participate in the transfer of electrons to the binuclear center. Only subunit I is common to the entire superfamily. For every reduction of an O2 molecule, eight protons are taken from the inside aqueous compartment and four electrons are taken from the electron donor on the opposite side of the membrane. The four electrons and four of the protons are used in the reduction of O2; the four remaining protons are pumped across the membrane. This charge separation of four charges contributes to the electrochemical gradient used for ATP synthesis. Two proton channels, the D-pathway and K-pathway, leading to the binuclear center have been identified in subunit I of cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) and ubiquinol oxidase. A well-defined pathway for the transfer of pumped protons beyond the binuclear center has not been identified. Electron transfer occurs in two segments: from the electron donor to the low-spin heme, and from the low-spin heme to the binuclear center. The first segment can be a multi-step process and varies among the different families, while the second segment, a direct transfer, is consistent throughout the superfamily.
The actual alignment was detected with superfamily member cd01661:
Pssm-ID: 469701 Cd Length: 493 Bit Score: 214.53 E-value: 6.66e-64
Cytochrome cbb3 oxidase subunit I. Cytochrome cbb3 oxidase, the terminal oxidase in the ...
24-453
6.66e-64
Cytochrome cbb3 oxidase subunit I. Cytochrome cbb3 oxidase, the terminal oxidase in the respiratory chains of proteobacteria, is a multi-chain transmembrane protein located in the cell membrane. Like other cytochrome oxidases, it catalyzes the reduction of O2 and simultaneously pumps protons across the membrane. Found mainly in proteobacteria, cbb3 is believed to be a modern enzyme that has evolved independently to perform a specialized function in microaerobic energy metabolism. Subunit I contains a heme-copper binuclear center (the active site where O2 is reduced to water) formed by a high-spin heme and a copper ion. It also contains a low-spin heme, believed to participate in the transfer of electrons to the binuclear center. The cbb3 operon contains four genes (ccoNOQP or fixNOQP), with ccoN coding for subunit I. Instead of a CuA-containing subunit II analogous to other cytochrome oxidases, cbb3 utilizes subunits ccoO and ccoP, which contain one and two hemes, respectively, to transfer electrons to the binuclear center. The fourth subunit (ccoQ) has been shown to protect the core complex from proteolytic degradation by serine proteases. For every reduction of an O2 molecule, eight protons are taken from the inside aqueous compartment and four electrons are taken from cytochrome c on the opposite side of the membrane. The four electrons and four of the protons are used in the reduction of O2; the four remaining protons are pumped across the membrane. This charge separation of four charges contributes to the electrochemical gradient used for ATP synthesis. The polar residues that form the D- and K-pathways in subunit I of other cytochrome c and ubiquinol oxidases are absent in cbb3. The proton pathways remain undefined. A pathway for the transfer of pumped protons beyond the binuclear center also remains undefined. It is believed that electrons are passed from cytochrome c (the electron donor) to the low-spin heme via ccoP and ccoO, respectively, and directly from the low-spin heme to the binuclear center.
Pssm-ID: 238831 Cd Length: 493 Bit Score: 214.53 E-value: 6.66e-64
Cytochrome C and Quinol oxidase polypeptide I; Cytochrome c oxidase (E.C:7.1.1.9) is a key ...
22-438
2.76e-53
Cytochrome C and Quinol oxidase polypeptide I; Cytochrome c oxidase (E.C:7.1.1.9) is a key enzyme in aerobic metabolism. Proton pumping haem-copper oxidases represent the terminal, energy-transfer enzymes of respiratory chains in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The CuB-haem a3 (or haem o) binuclear centre, associated with the largest subunit I of cytochrome c and ubiquinol oxidases (E.C:1.10.3.11), is directly involved in the coupling between dioxygen reduction and proton pumping. Some terminal oxidases generate a transmembrane proton gradient across the plasma membrane (prokaryotes) or the mitochondrial inner membrane (eukaryotes). The enzyme complex consists of 3-4 subunits (prokaryotes) up to 13 polypeptides (mammals) of which only the catalytic subunit (equivalent to mammalian subunit I (COXI) is found in all haem-copper respiratory oxidases. The presence of a bimetallic centre (formed by a high-spin haem and copper B) as well as a low-spin haem, both ligated to six conserved histidine residues near the outer side of four transmembrane spans within CO I is common to all family members.
Pssm-ID: 459678 Cd Length: 432 Bit Score: 184.70 E-value: 2.76e-53
Cytochrome cbb3 oxidase subunit I. Cytochrome cbb3 oxidase, the terminal oxidase in the ...
24-453
6.66e-64
Cytochrome cbb3 oxidase subunit I. Cytochrome cbb3 oxidase, the terminal oxidase in the respiratory chains of proteobacteria, is a multi-chain transmembrane protein located in the cell membrane. Like other cytochrome oxidases, it catalyzes the reduction of O2 and simultaneously pumps protons across the membrane. Found mainly in proteobacteria, cbb3 is believed to be a modern enzyme that has evolved independently to perform a specialized function in microaerobic energy metabolism. Subunit I contains a heme-copper binuclear center (the active site where O2 is reduced to water) formed by a high-spin heme and a copper ion. It also contains a low-spin heme, believed to participate in the transfer of electrons to the binuclear center. The cbb3 operon contains four genes (ccoNOQP or fixNOQP), with ccoN coding for subunit I. Instead of a CuA-containing subunit II analogous to other cytochrome oxidases, cbb3 utilizes subunits ccoO and ccoP, which contain one and two hemes, respectively, to transfer electrons to the binuclear center. The fourth subunit (ccoQ) has been shown to protect the core complex from proteolytic degradation by serine proteases. For every reduction of an O2 molecule, eight protons are taken from the inside aqueous compartment and four electrons are taken from cytochrome c on the opposite side of the membrane. The four electrons and four of the protons are used in the reduction of O2; the four remaining protons are pumped across the membrane. This charge separation of four charges contributes to the electrochemical gradient used for ATP synthesis. The polar residues that form the D- and K-pathways in subunit I of other cytochrome c and ubiquinol oxidases are absent in cbb3. The proton pathways remain undefined. A pathway for the transfer of pumped protons beyond the binuclear center also remains undefined. It is believed that electrons are passed from cytochrome c (the electron donor) to the low-spin heme via ccoP and ccoO, respectively, and directly from the low-spin heme to the binuclear center.
Pssm-ID: 238831 Cd Length: 493 Bit Score: 214.53 E-value: 6.66e-64
Cytochrome C and Quinol oxidase polypeptide I; Cytochrome c oxidase (E.C:7.1.1.9) is a key ...
22-438
2.76e-53
Cytochrome C and Quinol oxidase polypeptide I; Cytochrome c oxidase (E.C:7.1.1.9) is a key enzyme in aerobic metabolism. Proton pumping haem-copper oxidases represent the terminal, energy-transfer enzymes of respiratory chains in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The CuB-haem a3 (or haem o) binuclear centre, associated with the largest subunit I of cytochrome c and ubiquinol oxidases (E.C:1.10.3.11), is directly involved in the coupling between dioxygen reduction and proton pumping. Some terminal oxidases generate a transmembrane proton gradient across the plasma membrane (prokaryotes) or the mitochondrial inner membrane (eukaryotes). The enzyme complex consists of 3-4 subunits (prokaryotes) up to 13 polypeptides (mammals) of which only the catalytic subunit (equivalent to mammalian subunit I (COXI) is found in all haem-copper respiratory oxidases. The presence of a bimetallic centre (formed by a high-spin haem and copper B) as well as a low-spin haem, both ligated to six conserved histidine residues near the outer side of four transmembrane spans within CO I is common to all family members.
Pssm-ID: 459678 Cd Length: 432 Bit Score: 184.70 E-value: 2.76e-53
Heme-copper oxidase subunit I. Heme-copper oxidases are transmembrane protein complexes in ...
208-453
1.01e-20
Heme-copper oxidase subunit I. Heme-copper oxidases are transmembrane protein complexes in the respiratory chains of prokaryotes and mitochondria which catalyze the reduction of O2 and simultaneously pump protons across the membrane. The superfamily is diverse in terms of electron donors, subunit composition, and heme types. The number of subunits varies from three to five in bacteria and up to 13 in mammalian mitochondria. It has been proposed that Archaea acquired heme-copper oxidases through gene transfer from Gram-positive bacteria. Membership in the superfamily is defined by subunit I, which contains a heme-copper binuclear center (the active site where O2 is reduced to water) formed by a high-spin heme and a copper ion. It also contains a low-spin heme, believed to participate in the transfer of electrons to the binuclear center. Only subunit I is common to the entire superfamily. For every reduction of an O2 molecule, eight protons are taken from the inside aqueous compartment and four electrons are taken from the electron donor on the opposite side of the membrane. The four electrons and four of the protons are used in the reduction of O2; the four remaining protons are pumped across the membrane. This charge separation of four charges contributes to the electrochemical gradient used for ATP synthesis. Two proton channels, the D-pathway and K-pathway, leading to the binuclear center have been identified in subunit I of cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) and ubiquinol oxidase. A well-defined pathway for the transfer of pumped protons beyond the binuclear center has not been identified. Electron transfer occurs in two segments: from the electron donor to the low-spin heme, and from the low-spin heme to the binuclear center. The first segment can be a multi-step process and varies among the different families, while the second segment, a direct transfer, is consistent throughout the superfamily.
Pssm-ID: 238461 Cd Length: 463 Bit Score: 94.52 E-value: 1.01e-20
ba3-like heme-copper oxidase subunit I. The ba3 family of heme-copper oxidases are ...
226-447
1.99e-03
ba3-like heme-copper oxidase subunit I. The ba3 family of heme-copper oxidases are transmembrane protein complexes in the respiratory chains of prokaryotes and some archaea which catalyze the reduction of O2 and simultaneously pump protons across the membrane. It has been proposed that Archaea acquired heme-copper oxidases through gene transfer from Gram-positive bacteria. The ba3 family contains oxidases that lack the conserved residues that form the D- and K-pathways in CcO and ubiquinol oxidase. Instead they contain a potential alternative K-pathway. Additional proton channels have been proposed for this family of oxidases but none have been identified definitively. For general information on the heme-copper oxidase superfamily, please see cd00919.
Pssm-ID: 238830 Cd Length: 473 Bit Score: 40.35 E-value: 1.99e-03
Database: CDSEARCH/cdd Low complexity filter: no Composition Based Adjustment: yes E-value threshold: 0.01
References:
Wang J et al. (2023), "The conserved domain database in 2023", Nucleic Acids Res.51(D)384-8.
Lu S et al. (2020), "The conserved domain database in 2020", Nucleic Acids Res.48(D)265-8.
Marchler-Bauer A et al. (2017), "CDD/SPARCLE: functional classification of proteins via subfamily domain architectures.", Nucleic Acids Res.45(D)200-3.
of the residues that compose this conserved feature have been mapped to the query sequence.
Click on the triangle to view details about the feature, including a multiple sequence alignment
of your query sequence and the protein sequences used to curate the domain model,
where hash marks (#) above the aligned sequences show the location of the conserved feature residues.
The thumbnail image, if present, provides an approximate view of the feature's location in 3 dimensions.
Click on the triangle for interactive 3D structure viewing options.
Functional characterization of the conserved domain architecture found on the query.
Click here to see more details.
This image shows a graphical summary of conserved domains identified on the query sequence.
The Show Concise/Full Display button at the top of the page can be used to select the desired level of detail: only top scoring hits
(labeled illustration) or all hits
(labeled illustration).
Domains are color coded according to superfamilies
to which they have been assigned. Hits with scores that pass a domain-specific threshold
(specific hits) are drawn in bright colors.
Others (non-specific hits) and
superfamily placeholders are drawn in pastel colors.
if a domain or superfamily has been annotated with functional sites (conserved features),
they are mapped to the query sequence and indicated through sets of triangles
with the same color and shade of the domain or superfamily that provides the annotation. Mouse over the colored bars or triangles to see descriptions of the domains and features.
click on the bars or triangles to view your query sequence embedded in a multiple sequence alignment of the proteins used to develop the corresponding domain model.
The table lists conserved domains identified on the query sequence. Click on the plus sign (+) on the left to display full descriptions, alignments, and scores.
Click on the domain model's accession number to view the multiple sequence alignment of the proteins used to develop the corresponding domain model.
To view your query sequence embedded in that multiple sequence alignment, click on the colored bars in the Graphical Summary portion of the search results page,
or click on the triangles, if present, that represent functional sites (conserved features)
mapped to the query sequence.
Concise Display shows only the best scoring domain model, in each hit category listed below except non-specific hits, for each region on the query sequence.
(labeled illustration) Standard Display shows only the best scoring domain model from each source, in each hit category listed below for each region on the query sequence.
(labeled illustration) Full Display shows all domain models, in each hit category below, that meet or exceed the RPS-BLAST threshold for statistical significance.
(labeled illustration) Four types of hits can be shown, as available,
for each region on the query sequence:
specific hits meet or exceed a domain-specific e-value threshold
(illustrated example)
and represent a very high confidence that the query sequence belongs to the same protein family as the sequences use to create the domain model
non-specific hits
meet or exceed the RPS-BLAST threshold for statistical significance (default E-value cutoff of 0.01, or an E-value selected by user via the
advanced search options)
the domain superfamily to which the specific and non-specific hits belong
multi-domain models that were computationally detected and are likely to contain multiple single domains
Retrieve proteins that contain one or more of the domains present in the query sequence, using the Conserved Domain Architecture Retrieval Tool
(CDART).
Modify your query to search against a different database and/or use advanced search options
