Triple functional domain pleckstrin homology pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, repeat 1; RhoGEFs, Kalirin and Trio, the mammalian homologs of Drosophila Trio and Caenorhabditis elegans UNC-73 regulate a novel step in secretory granule maturation. Their signaling modulates the extent to which regulated cargo enter and remain in the regulated secretory pathway. This allows for fine tuning of peptides released by a single secretory cell type with impaired signaling leading to pathological states. Trio plays an essential role in regulating the actin cytoskeleton during axonal guidance and branching. Kalirin and Trio are encoded by separate genes in mammals and by a single one in invertebrates. Kalirin and Trio share the same complex multidomain structure and display several splice variants. The longest Kalirin and Trio proteins have a Sec14 domain, a stretch of spectrin repeats, a RhoGEF(DH)/PH cassette (also called GEF1), an SH3 domain, a second RhoGEF(DH)/PH cassette (also called GEF2), a second SH3 domain, Ig/FNIII domains, and a kinase domain. The first RhoGEF(DH)/PH cassette catalyzes exchange on Rac1 and RhoG while the second RhoGEF(DH)/PH cassette is specific for RhoA. Kalirin and Trio are closely related to p63RhoGEF and have PH domains of similar function. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568995852 1461 MLEGFDENLDVQGELILQDAFQVWDPKSLIRKGRERHLFLFEISLVFSKEIKDSSGHTKYVYKNKLLTSELGVTEHVEGD 1540
Cdd:cd13240     1 LLEGCDEDLDSLGEVILQDSFQVWDPKQLIRKGRERHVFLFELCLVFSKEVKDSNGKSKYIYKSRLMTSEIGVTEHIEGD 80

                          90       100       110       120
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 568995852 1541 PCKFALWSGRTPSSDNKTVLKASNIETKQEWIKNIREVIQERI 1583
Cdd:cd13240    81 PCKFALWTGRVPTSDNKIVLKASSLEVKQTWVKKLREVIQERI 123

Domain in homologues of a S. cerevisiae phosphatidylinositol transfer protein (Sec14p); Domain in homologues of a S. cerevisiae phosphatidylinositol transfer protein (Sec14p) and in RhoGAPs, RhoGEFs and the RasGAP, neurofibromin (NF1). Lipid-binding domain. The SEC14 domain of Dbl is known to associate with G protein beta/gamma subunits.

                            10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568995852     39 LKEKVAFVSGGR--DKRGGPILTFPARS--NHDRIRQEDLRKLVTYLASVPS---EDVCKRGFTVIIDMRGSK-----WD 106
Cdd:smart00516    2 LELLKAYIPGGRgyDKDGRPVLIERAGRfdLKSVTLEELLRYLVYVLEKILQeekKTGGIEGFTVIFDLKGLSmsnpdLS 81

                            90       100       110       120       130       140       150
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 568995852    107 LIKPLLKTLQEAFPAEIHVALIIKPDNFWQ---KQKTNFGSSKFIFETSMVS---VEGLTKLVDPSQLTEEFDGSLD 177
Cdd:smart00516   82 VLRKILKILQDHYPERLGKVYIINPPWFFRvlwKIIKPFLDEKTREKIRFVGndsKEELLEYIDKEQLPEELGGTLD 158

Spectrin repeats, found in several proteins involved in cytoskeletal structure; family members include spectrin, alpha-actinin and dystrophin; the spectrin repeat forms a three helix bundle with the second helix interrupted by proline in some sequences; the repeats are independent folding units; tandem repeats are found in differing numbers and arrange in an antiparallel manner to form dimers; the repeats are defined by a characteristic tryptophan (W) residue in helix A and a leucine (L) at the carboxyl end of helix C and separated by a linker of 5 residues; two copies of the repeat are present here

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568995852  537 QLCVFQQDVQQVLDWIENHGEAFLSkhTGVGKSLHRARALQKRHDDFEEVAQNTYTNADKLLEAAEQLAQTGECDPEEIY 616
Cdd:cd00176     1 KLQQFLRDADELEAWLSEKEELLSS--TDYGDDLESVEALLKKHEALEAELAAHEERVEALNELGEQLIEEGHPDAEEIQ 78

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568995852  617 KAARHLEVRIQDFVRRVEQRKLLLDMSV---SFHTHTKELWTWMEDLQKEVLEDVCADSVDAVQELIKQFQQQQtATLDA 693
Cdd:cd00176    79 ERLEELNQRWEELRELAEERRQRLEEALdlqQFFRDADDLEQWLEEKEAALASEDLGKDLESVEELLKKHKELE-EELEA 157

                         170       180
                  ....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 568995852  694 TLNVIKEGEDLIQQLRSAPPSLGEPT 719
Cdd:cd00176   158 HEPRLKSLNELAEELLEEGHPDADEE 183

Spectrin repeats, found in several proteins involved in cytoskeletal structure; family members include spectrin, alpha-actinin and dystrophin; the spectrin repeat forms a three helix bundle with the second helix interrupted by proline in some sequences; the repeats are independent folding units; tandem repeats are found in differing numbers and arrange in an antiparallel manner to form dimers; the repeats are defined by a characteristic tryptophan (W) residue in helix A and a leucine (L) at the carboxyl end of helix C and separated by a linker of 5 residues; two copies of the repeat are present here

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568995852  190 LEEFFNSAVHLLSRLEDLQEMLARKEFPVDVEGSRRLIDEHTQLKK--KVLKAPVEELDREGQRLLQcircsdgfsgrnc 267
Cdd:cd00176     2 LQQFLRDADELEAWLSEKEELLSSTDYGDDLESVEALLKKHEALEAelAAHEERVEALNELGEQLIE------------- 68

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568995852  268 ipgsaDFQSLVPKITSLLDKLHSTRQHLHQMWHVRKLKLDQCFQLRLFEQDAEKMFDWIShNKELFLQSHtEIGVSYQHA 347
Cdd:cd00176    69 -----EGHPDAEEIQERLEELNQRWEELRELAEERRQRLEEALDLQQFFRDADDLEQWLE-EKEAALASE-DLGKDLESV 141

                         170       180       190       200       210       220
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 568995852  348 LDLQTQHNHFaMNSMNAY-VNINRIMSVASRLSEAGHYASQ-QIKQISTQLDQEWKSFAAALDER 410
Cdd:cd00176   142 EELLKKHKEL-EEELEAHePRLKSLNELAEELLEEGHPDADeEIEEKLEELNERWEELLELAEER 205

Triple functional domain pleckstrin homology pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, repeat 1; RhoGEFs, Kalirin and Trio, the mammalian homologs of Drosophila Trio and Caenorhabditis elegans UNC-73 regulate a novel step in secretory granule maturation. Their signaling modulates the extent to which regulated cargo enter and remain in the regulated secretory pathway. This allows for fine tuning of peptides released by a single secretory cell type with impaired signaling leading to pathological states. Trio plays an essential role in regulating the actin cytoskeleton during axonal guidance and branching. Kalirin and Trio are encoded by separate genes in mammals and by a single one in invertebrates. Kalirin and Trio share the same complex multidomain structure and display several splice variants. The longest Kalirin and Trio proteins have a Sec14 domain, a stretch of spectrin repeats, a RhoGEF(DH)/PH cassette (also called GEF1), an SH3 domain, a second RhoGEF(DH)/PH cassette (also called GEF2), a second SH3 domain, Ig/FNIII domains, and a kinase domain. The first RhoGEF(DH)/PH cassette catalyzes exchange on Rac1 and RhoG while the second RhoGEF(DH)/PH cassette is specific for RhoA. Kalirin and Trio are closely related to p63RhoGEF and have PH domains of similar function. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568995852 1461 MLEGFDENLDVQGELILQDAFQVWDPKSLIRKGRERHLFLFEISLVFSKEIKDSSGHTKYVYKNKLLTSELGVTEHVEGD 1540
Cdd:cd13240     1 LLEGCDEDLDSLGEVILQDSFQVWDPKQLIRKGRERHVFLFELCLVFSKEVKDSNGKSKYIYKSRLMTSEIGVTEHIEGD 80

                          90       100       110       120
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 568995852 1541 PCKFALWSGRTPSSDNKTVLKASNIETKQEWIKNIREVIQERI 1583
Cdd:cd13240    81 PCKFALWTGRVPTSDNKIVLKASSLEVKQTWVKKLREVIQERI 123

Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho/Rac/Cdc42-like GTPases; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho/Rac/Cdc42-like GTPases Also called Dbl-homologous (DH) domain. It appears that PH domains invariably occur C-terminal to RhoGEF/DH domains. Improved coverage.

                            10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568995852   1285 IMAELLQTEKAYVRDLHECLETYLWEMTSGVEEIPPgilNKEHIIFGNIQEIYDFHNnIFLKELEKY----EQLPEDVGH 1360
Cdd:smart00325    1 VLKELLQTERNYVRDLKLLVEVFLKPLKKELKLLSP---NELETLFGNIEEIYEFHR-DFLDELEERieewDDSVERIGD 76

                            90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568995852   1361 CFVTWADKFQMYVTYCKNKPDSNQLI--LEHAGTFFDEIQQRHGLAN----SISSYLIKPVQRVTKYQLLLKELLTCCEE 1434
Cdd:smart00325   77 VFLKLEEFFKIYSEYCSNHPDALELLkkLKKNPRFQKFLKEIESSPQcrrlTLESLLLKPVQRLTKYPLLLKELLKHTPE 156

                           170       180
                    ....*....|....*....|....
gi 568995852   1435 G---KGELKDGLEVMLSVPKKAND 1455
Cdd:smart00325  157 DhedREDLKKALKAIKELANQVNE 180

Domain in homologues of a S. cerevisiae phosphatidylinositol transfer protein (Sec14p); Domain in homologues of a S. cerevisiae phosphatidylinositol transfer protein (Sec14p) and in RhoGAPs, RhoGEFs and the RasGAP, neurofibromin (NF1). Lipid-binding domain. The SEC14 domain of Dbl is known to associate with G protein beta/gamma subunits.

                            10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568995852     39 LKEKVAFVSGGR--DKRGGPILTFPARS--NHDRIRQEDLRKLVTYLASVPS---EDVCKRGFTVIIDMRGSK-----WD 106
Cdd:smart00516    2 LELLKAYIPGGRgyDKDGRPVLIERAGRfdLKSVTLEELLRYLVYVLEKILQeekKTGGIEGFTVIFDLKGLSmsnpdLS 81

                            90       100       110       120       130       140       150
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 568995852    107 LIKPLLKTLQEAFPAEIHVALIIKPDNFWQ---KQKTNFGSSKFIFETSMVS---VEGLTKLVDPSQLTEEFDGSLD 177
Cdd:smart00516   82 VLRKILKILQDHYPERLGKVYIINPPWFFRvlwKIIKPFLDEKTREKIRFVGndsKEELLEYIDKEQLPEELGGTLD 158

Sec14p-like lipid-binding domain; Sec14p-like lipid-binding domains are found in secretory proteins, such as S. cerevisiae phosphatidylinositol transfer protein (Sec14p), and in lipid regulated proteins such as RhoGAPs, RhoGEFs and neurofibromin (NF1). SEC14 domain of Dbl is known to associate with G protein beta/gamma subunits.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568995852   44 AFVSGGRDKRGGPILTFPAR-SNHDRIRQEDLRKLVTYLASVPSEDVCKR--GFTVIIDMRGSKW------DLIKPLLKT 114
Cdd:cd00170    11 IGYLGGRDKEGRPVLVFRAGwDPPKLLDLEELLRYLVYLLEKALRELEEQveGFVVIIDLKGFSLsnlsdlSLLKKLLKI 90

                          90       100       110       120       130       140
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 568995852  115 LQEAFPAEIHVALIIKPdNFWQKQKTNFGS--------SKFIFETSmvSVEGLTKLVDPSQLTEEFDGS 175
Cdd:cd00170    91 LQDHYPERLKKIYIVNA-PWIFSALWKIVKpflsektrKKIVFLGS--DLEELLEYIDPDQLPKELGGT 156

Spectrin repeats, found in several proteins involved in cytoskeletal structure; family members include spectrin, alpha-actinin and dystrophin; the spectrin repeat forms a three helix bundle with the second helix interrupted by proline in some sequences; the repeats are independent folding units; tandem repeats are found in differing numbers and arrange in an antiparallel manner to form dimers; the repeats are defined by a characteristic tryptophan (W) residue in helix A and a leucine (L) at the carboxyl end of helix C and separated by a linker of 5 residues; two copies of the repeat are present here

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568995852  311 QLRLFEQDAEKMFDWISHnKELFLQShTEIGVSYQHALDLQTQHNHFAMNSMNAYVNINRIMSVASRLSEAGHYASQQIK 390
Cdd:cd00176     1 KLQQFLRDADELEAWLSE-KEELLSS-TDYGDDLESVEALLKKHEALEAELAAHEERVEALNELGEQLIEEGHPDAEEIQ 78

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568995852  391 QISTQLDQEWKSFAAALDERSTILAMSAVFHQKAEQFLSgVDAWC----KMCSEGGLPSEMQDLELAIHHHQSLYEQVTQ 466
Cdd:cd00176    79 ERLEELNQRWEELRELAEERRQRLEEALDLQQFFRDADD-LEQWLeekeAALASEDLGKDLESVEELLKKHKELEEELEA 157

                         170       180       190       200       210       220       230
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568995852  467 AytevSQDGKALLDVLQRPLSPGNSESLTATAnyskavhqvlDVVHEVLHHQRRLESIWQHRKVRLHQRL 536
Cdd:cd00176   158 H----EPRLKSLNELAEELLEEGHPDADEEIE----------EKLEELNERWEELLELAEERQKKLEEAL 213

Divergent CRAL/TRIO domain; This family includes divergent members of the CRAL-TRIO domain family. This family includes ECM25 that contains a divergent CRAL-TRIO domain identified by Gallego and colleagues.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568995852    54 GGPILTFPARS-NHDRIRQEDLRKLVTYLASVPSEDVCKRGFTVIIDMRGS------KWDLIKPLLKTLQEAFPAEIHVA 126
Cdd:pfam13716    1 GRPVLVFISKLlPSRPASLDDLDRLLFYLLKTLSEKLKGKPFVVVVDHTGVtsenfpSLSFLKKAYDLLPRAFKKNLKAV 80

                           90       100       110       120       130       140
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568995852   127 LIIKPDNFWQKQ----KTNFGSSKFIFETSMVS-VEGLTKLVDPSQLTEEFDGSLDYNHE 181
Cdd:pfam13716   81 YVVHPSTFLRTFlktlGSLLGSKKLRKKVHYVSsLSELWEGIDREQLPTELPGVLSYDEE 140

Spectrin repeats;

                            10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568995852    893 RHLQAEVKQVLGWIRNGESMLnASLVNASSLSEAEQLQREHEQFQlaieslfhaTSLQKTHQSALQVQQKAEALLQAGHY 972
Cdd:smart00150    1 QQFLRDADELEAWLEEKEQLL-ASEDLGKDLESVEALLKKHEAFE---------AELEAHEERVEALNELGEQLIEEGHP 70

                            90       100
                    ....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 568995852    973 DADAIRECAEKVALHWQQLMLKMEDRLK 1000
Cdd:smart00150   71 DAEEIEERLEELNERWEELKELAEERRQ 98

RhoGEF, Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho/Rac/Cdc42-like GTPases [Signal transduction mechanisms];

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568995852 1226 RMGKYRYSLEKaLGVNTEDNKDLELDiipASLSDREVKLRDANHEINEEKRKSARKKEFIMAELLQTEKAYVRDLhECLE 1305
Cdd:COG5422   433 RLEQQARLHLK-LMGGLKRNSSLALD---KFDEEKNLWTLSVPKEVWESLPKQEIKRQEAIYEVIYTERDFVKDL-EYLR 507

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568995852 1306 TYlWEMTSGVEEIPPGILNKEHI--IFGNIQEIYDFhNNIFLKELEK---YEQLPEDVGHCFVTWADKFQMYVTYCKNKP 1380
Cdd:COG5422   508 DT-WIKPLEESNIIPENARRNFIkhVFANINEIYAV-NSKLLKALTNrqcLSPIVNGIADIFLDYVPKFEPFIKYGASQP 585

                         170       180       190       200       210       220       230
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 568995852 1381 DSNQLILEHAGT------FFDEIQ-----QRHGlansISSYLIKPVQRVTKYQLLLKELLTCCEEGKGELKDGLEVM 1446
Cdd:COG5422   586 YAKYEFEREKSVnpnfarFDHEVErldesRKLE----LDGYLTKPTTRLARYPLLLEEVLKFTDPDNPDTEDIPKVI 658

Pleckstrin homology domain; Domain commonly found in eukaryotic signalling proteins. The domain family possesses multiple functions including the abilities to bind inositol phosphates, and various proteins. PH domains have been found to possess inserted domains (such as in PLC gamma, syntrophins) and to be inserted within other domains. Mutations in Brutons tyrosine kinase (Btk) within its PH domain cause X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA) in patients. Point mutations cluster into the positively charged end of the molecule around the predicted binding site for phosphatidylinositol lipids.

                            10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568995852   1487 KSLIRKGRERHLFLFEISLVFSKeikDSSGHTKYVYKNKLLTSELGVTEHVEGD----PCKFALWSGrtpssDNKT-VLK 1561
Cdd:smart00233   12 GGGKKSWKKRYFVLFNSTLLYYK---SKKDKKSYKPKGSIDLSGCTVREAPDPDsskkPHCFEIKTS-----DRKTlLLQ 83

                            90
                    ....*....|....*....
gi 568995852   1562 ASNIETKQEWIKNIREVIQ 1580
Cdd:smart00233   84 AESEEEREKWVEALRKAIA 102

Spectrin repeat; Spectrin repeat-domains are found in several proteins involved in cytoskeletal structure. These include spectrin, alpha-actinin and dystrophin. The sequence repeat used in this family is taken from the structural repeat in reference. The spectrin domain- repeat forms a three helix bundle. The second helix is interrupted by proline in some sequences. The repeats are defined by a characteriztic tryptophan (W) residue at position 17 in helix A and a leucine (L) at 2 residues from the carboxyl end of helix C. Although the domain occurs in multiple repeats along sequences, the domains are actually stable on their own - ie they act, biophysically, like domains rather than repeats that along function when aggregated.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568995852   890 LQLRHLQAEVKQVLGWIRNGESMLnASLVNASSLSEAEQLQREHEQFQLAIESlfHATSLQkthqsalQVQQKAEALLQA 969
Cdd:pfam00435    1 LLLQQFFRDADDLESWIEEKEALL-SSEDYGKDLESVQALLKKHKALEAELAA--HQDRVE-------ALNELAEKLIDE 70

                           90       100
                   ....*....|....*....|..
gi 568995852   970 GHYDADAIRECAEKVALHWQQL 991
Cdd:pfam00435   71 GHYASEEIQERLEELNERWEQL 92

Spectrin repeat; Spectrin repeat-domains are found in several proteins involved in cytoskeletal structure. These include spectrin, alpha-actinin and dystrophin. The sequence repeat used in this family is taken from the structural repeat in reference. The spectrin domain- repeat forms a three helix bundle. The second helix is interrupted by proline in some sequences. The repeats are defined by a characteriztic tryptophan (W) residue at position 17 in helix A and a leucine (L) at 2 residues from the carboxyl end of helix C. Although the domain occurs in multiple repeats along sequences, the domains are actually stable on their own - ie they act, biophysically, like domains rather than repeats that along function when aggregated.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568995852   541 FQQDVQQVLDWIENHgEAFLSKhTGVGKSLHRARALQKRHDDFEEVAQNTYTNADKLLEAAEQLAQTGECDPEEIYKAAR 620
Cdd:pfam00435    6 FFRDADDLESWIEEK-EALLSS-EDYGKDLESVQALLKKHKALEAELAAHQDRVEALNELAEKLIDEGHYASEEIQERLE 83

                           90       100
                   ....*....|....*....|
gi 568995852   621 HLEVRIQDFVRRVEQRKLLL 640
Cdd:pfam00435   84 ELNERWEQLLELAAERKQKL 103

Spectrin repeats;

                            10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568995852   1135 FERSAKQALDWIQETgEYYLSTHTSTGETTEETQeLLKEYGEFRVPAKQTKEKVKLLIQLADSFVEKGHIHATEIRKWVT 1214
Cdd:smart00150    3 FLRDADELEAWLEEK-EQLLASEDLGKDLESVEA-LLKKHEAFEAELEAHEERVEALNELGEQLIEEGHPDAEEIEERLE 80

                            90       100
                    ....*....|....*....|.
gi 568995852   1215 TVDKHYRDFSLRMGKYRYSLE 1235
Cdd:smart00150   81 ELNERWEELKELAEERRQKLE 101

Triple functional domain pleckstrin homology pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, repeat 1; RhoGEFs, Kalirin and Trio, the mammalian homologs of Drosophila Trio and Caenorhabditis elegans UNC-73 regulate a novel step in secretory granule maturation. Their signaling modulates the extent to which regulated cargo enter and remain in the regulated secretory pathway. This allows for fine tuning of peptides released by a single secretory cell type with impaired signaling leading to pathological states. Trio plays an essential role in regulating the actin cytoskeleton during axonal guidance and branching. Kalirin and Trio are encoded by separate genes in mammals and by a single one in invertebrates. Kalirin and Trio share the same complex multidomain structure and display several splice variants. The longest Kalirin and Trio proteins have a Sec14 domain, a stretch of spectrin repeats, a RhoGEF(DH)/PH cassette (also called GEF1), an SH3 domain, a second RhoGEF(DH)/PH cassette (also called GEF2), a second SH3 domain, Ig/FNIII domains, and a kinase domain. The first RhoGEF(DH)/PH cassette catalyzes exchange on Rac1 and RhoG while the second RhoGEF(DH)/PH cassette is specific for RhoA. Kalirin and Trio are closely related to p63RhoGEF and have PH domains of similar function. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568995852 1461 MLEGFDENLDVQGELILQDAFQVWDPKSLIRKGRERHLFLFEISLVFSKEIKDSSGHTKYVYKNKLLTSELGVTEHVEGD 1540
Cdd:cd13240     1 LLEGCDEDLDSLGEVILQDSFQVWDPKQLIRKGRERHVFLFELCLVFSKEVKDSNGKSKYIYKSRLMTSEIGVTEHIEGD 80

                          90       100       110       120
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 568995852 1541 PCKFALWSGRTPSSDNKTVLKASNIETKQEWIKNIREVIQERI 1583
Cdd:cd13240    81 PCKFALWTGRVPTSDNKIVLKASSLEVKQTWVKKLREVIQERI 123

Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho/Rac/Cdc42-like GTPases; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho/Rac/Cdc42-like GTPases Also called Dbl-homologous (DH) domain. It appears that PH domains invariably occur C-terminal to RhoGEF/DH domains. Improved coverage.

                            10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568995852   1285 IMAELLQTEKAYVRDLHECLETYLWEMTSGVEEIPPgilNKEHIIFGNIQEIYDFHNnIFLKELEKY----EQLPEDVGH 1360
Cdd:smart00325    1 VLKELLQTERNYVRDLKLLVEVFLKPLKKELKLLSP---NELETLFGNIEEIYEFHR-DFLDELEERieewDDSVERIGD 76

                            90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568995852   1361 CFVTWADKFQMYVTYCKNKPDSNQLI--LEHAGTFFDEIQQRHGLAN----SISSYLIKPVQRVTKYQLLLKELLTCCEE 1434
Cdd:smart00325   77 VFLKLEEFFKIYSEYCSNHPDALELLkkLKKNPRFQKFLKEIESSPQcrrlTLESLLLKPVQRLTKYPLLLKELLKHTPE 156

                           170       180
                    ....*....|....*....|....
gi 568995852   1435 G---KGELKDGLEVMLSVPKKAND 1455
Cdd:smart00325  157 DhedREDLKKALKAIKELANQVNE 180

p63RhoGEF pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, repeat 2; The guanine nucleotide exchange factor p63RhoGEF is an effector of the heterotrimeric G protein, Galphaq and linking Galphaq-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to the activation of RhoA. The Dbl(DH) and PH domains of p63RhoGEF interact with the effector-binding site and the C-terminal region of Galphaq and appear to relieve autoinhibition of the catalytic DH domain by the PH domain. Trio, Duet, and p63RhoGEF are shown to constitute a family of Galphaq effectors that appear to activate RhoA both in vitro and in intact cells. Dbs is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), which contains spectrin repeats, a rhoGEF (DH) domain and a PH domain. The Dbs PH domain participates in binding to both the Cdc42 and RhoA GTPases. Trio plays an essential role in regulating the actin cytoskeleton during axonal guidance and branching. Trio is a multidomain signaling protein that contains two RhoGEF(DH)-PH domains in tandem. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568995852 1459 VSMLEGFDENLDVQGELILQDAFQVWDPKS-LIRKGRERHLFLFEISLVFSKEI--KDSSGHTKYVYKNKLLTSELGVTE 1535
Cdd:cd13241     1 VGRLQGFDGKITAQGKLLLQGTLLVSEPSAgLLQKGKERRVFLFEQIIIFSEILgkKTQFSNPGYIYKNHIKVNKMSLEE 80

                          90       100       110       120       130       140
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568995852 1536 HVEGDPCKFALWSgRTPSSDNKT-VLKASNIETKQEWIKNIREVIQERIIHLKgALKEPI 1594
Cdd:cd13241    81 NVDGDPLRFALKS-RDPNNPSETfILQAASPEVRQEWVDTINQILDTQRDFLK-ALQSPI 138

Puratrophin-1 pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; Puratrophin-1 (also called Purkinje cell atrophy-associated protein 1 or PLEKHG4/Pleckstrin homology domain-containing family G member 4) contains a spectrin repeat, a RhoGEF (DH) domain, and a PH domain. It is thought to function in intracellular signaling and cytoskeleton dynamics at the Golgi. Puratrophin-1 is expressed in kidney, Leydig cells in the testis, epithelial cells in the prostate gland and Langerhans islet in the pancreas. A single nucleotide substitution in the puratrophin-1 gene were once thought to result in autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia (ADCA), but now it has been demonstrated that this ataxia is a result of defects in the BEAN gene. Puratrophin contains a domain architecture similar to that of Dbl family members Dbs and Trio. Dbs is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), which contains spectrin repeats, a RhoGEF (DH) domain and a PH domain. The Dbs PH domain participates in binding to both the Cdc42 and RhoA GTPases. Trio plays an essential role in regulating the actin cytoskeleton during axonal guidance and branching. Trio is a multidomain signaling protein that contains two RhoGEF(DH)-PH domains in tandem. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568995852 1454 NDAMHVSMLEGFDENLDVQGELILQDAFQVWDPksliRKGRERHLFLFEISLVFSKEIKDSSGHTKYVYKNKLLTSELGV 1533
Cdd:cd13242     8 NDLLAMDSIRGCDVNLKEQGQLLRQDEFLVWQG----RKKCLRHVFLFEDLILFSKPKKTPGGKDVYIYKHSIKTSDIGL 83

                          90       100       110       120       130
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 568995852 1534 TEHVEGDPCKFALWSGRTPSSDNkTVLKASNIETKQEWIKNIREVIQERIIHLK 1587
Cdd:cd13242    84 TENVGDSGLKFEIWFRRRKARDT-YILQATSPEIKQAWTSDIAKLLWKQAIRNR 136

Obscurin pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; Obscurin (also called Obscurin-RhoGEF; Obscurin-myosin light chain kinase/Obscurin-MLCK) is a giant muscle protein that is concentrated at the peripheries of Z-disks and M-lines. It binds small ankyrin I, a component of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membrane. It is associated with the contractile apparatus through binding with titin and sarcomeric myosin. It plays important roles in the organization and assembly of the myofibril and the SR. Obscurin has been observed as alternatively-spliced isoforms. The major isoform in sleletal muscle, approximately 800 kDa in size, is composed of many adhesion modules and signaling domains. It harbors 49 Ig and 2 FNIII repeats at the N-terminues, a complex middle region with additional Ig domains, an IQ motif, and a conserved SH3 domain near RhoGEF and PH domains, and a non-modular C-terminus with phosphorylation motifs. The obscurin gene also encodes two kinase domains, which are not part of the 800 kDa form of the protein, but is part of smaller spliced products that present in heart muscle. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568995852 1461 MLEGFDENLDVQGELILQDAFQVWDPKSLIR---KGRERHLFLFEISLVFSKEIKDSSGHTK-YVYKNKLLTSELGVTEH 1536
Cdd:cd13239     1 LIENYPAPLQALGEPIRQGHFTVWEEAPEVKtssRGHHRHVFLFKNCVVICKPKRDSRTDTVtYVFKNKMKLSDIDVKDT 80

                          90       100       110       120
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 568995852 1537 VEGDPCKFALWSGRTpSSDNKTVLKASNIETKQEWIKNIREvIQER 1582
Cdd:cd13239    81 VEGDDRSFGLWHEHR-GSVRKYTLQARSAIIKSSWLKDLRD-LQQR 124

Sec14p-like lipid-binding domain; Sec14p-like lipid-binding domains are found in secretory proteins, such as S. cerevisiae phosphatidylinositol transfer protein (Sec14p), and in lipid regulated proteins such as RhoGAPs, RhoGEFs and neurofibromin (NF1). SEC14 domain of Dbl is known to associate with G protein beta/gamma subunits.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568995852   44 AFVSGGRDKRGGPILTFPAR-SNHDRIRQEDLRKLVTYLASVPSEDVCKR--GFTVIIDMRGSKW------DLIKPLLKT 114
Cdd:cd00170    11 IGYLGGRDKEGRPVLVFRAGwDPPKLLDLEELLRYLVYLLEKALRELEEQveGFVVIIDLKGFSLsnlsdlSLLKKLLKI 90

                          90       100       110       120       130       140
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 568995852  115 LQEAFPAEIHVALIIKPdNFWQKQKTNFGS--------SKFIFETSmvSVEGLTKLVDPSQLTEEFDGS 175
Cdd:cd00170    91 LQDHYPERLKKIYIVNA-PWIFSALWKIVKpflsektrKKIVFLGS--DLEELLEYIDPDQLPKELGGT 156