Immunoglobulin domain; The members here are composed of the immunoglobulin (Ig) domain found in the Ig superfamily. The Ig superfamily is a heterogenous group of proteins, built on a common fold comprised of a sandwich of two beta sheets. Members of this group are components of immunoglobulin, neuroglia, cell surface glycoproteins, including T-cell receptors, CD2, CD4, CD8, and membrane glycoproteins, including butyrophilin and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan core protein. A predominant feature of most Ig domains is a disulfide bridge connecting the two beta-sheets with a tryptophan residue packed against the disulfide bond. Ig superfamily (IgSF) domains can be divided into 4 main classes based on their structures and sequences: the Variable (V), Constant 1 (C1), Constant 2 (C2), and Intermediate (I) sets. Typically, the V-set domains have A, B, E, and D strands in one sheet and A', G, F, C, C' and C" in the other. The structures in C1-set are smaller than those in the V-set; they have one beta sheet that is formed by strands A, B, E, and D and the other by strands G, F, C, and C'. Moreover, a C1-set Ig domain contains a short C' strand (three residues) and lacks A' and C" strand. Unlike other Ig domain sets, C2-set structures do not have a D strand. Like the V-set Ig domains, members of the I-set have a discontinuous A strand, but lack a C" strand.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1039793745   1 MIDIQKDTAVEGEEIEVNCTAMASKPATTIRWFKGNKELKGKSEVEEW-SDMYTVTSQLMLKVHKEDDGVPVICQVEHPA 79
Cdd:cd05883     8 VIDIQKDTAVEGEEIELNCTAMASKPAATIRWFKGNKELTGKSEVEEWySRMFTVTSQLMLKVTKEDDGVPVICLVDHPA 87

                          90
                  ....*....|...
gi 1039793745  80 VTGnLQTQRYLEV 92
Cdd:cd05883    88 VKD-LQTQRYLEV 99

putative band 4.1 homologues' binding motif;

                           10
                   ....*....|....*....
gi 1039793745  277 LGRYFARHKGTYFTHEAKG 295
Cdd:smart00294   1 MYRYKHRDEGSYHTHEPKG 19

Second immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain of nectin-like molecule 2 (Necl-2); member of the I-set of Ig superfamily domains; The members here are composed of the second immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain of nectin-like molecule 2 (Necl-2; also known as cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1)). Nectin-like molecules (Necls) have similar domain structures to those of nectins. At least five nectin-like molecules have been identified (Necl-1 through Necl-5). These have an extracellular region containing three Ig-like domains, one transmembrane region, and one cytoplasmic region. Necl-2 has Ca(2+)-independent homophilic and heterophilic cell-cell adhesion activity. Necl-1 is expressed in a wide variety of tissues and is a putative tumour suppressor gene which is downregulated in aggressive neuroblastoma. Ig domains are likely to participate in ligand binding and recognition.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1039793745   1 MIDIQKDTAVEGEEIEVNCTAMASKPATTIRWFKGNKELKGKSEVEEW-SDMYTVTSQLMLKVHKEDDGVPVICQVEHPA 79
Cdd:cd05883     8 VIDIQKDTAVEGEEIELNCTAMASKPAATIRWFKGNKELTGKSEVEEWySRMFTVTSQLMLKVTKEDDGVPVICLVDHPA 87

                          90
                  ....*....|...
gi 1039793745  80 VTGnLQTQRYLEV 92
Cdd:cd05883    88 VKD-LQTQRYLEV 99

CD80-like C2-set immunoglobulin domain; These domains belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 1039793745  10 VEGEEIEVNCTAMASKPATTIRWFKGNKELKG---KSEVEEWSDMYTVTSQLMLKVHKEDDGVPVICQVEHPA 79
Cdd:pfam08205  12 GEGPEVVATCSSAGGKPAPRITWYLDGKPLEAaetSSEQDPESGLVTVTSELKLVPSRSDHGQSLTCQVSYGA 84

Immunoglobulin domain; The members here are composed of the immunoglobulin (Ig) domain found in the Ig superfamily. The Ig superfamily is a heterogenous group of proteins, built on a common fold comprised of a sandwich of two beta sheets. Members of this group are components of immunoglobulin, neuroglia, cell surface glycoproteins, including T-cell receptors, CD2, CD4, CD8, and membrane glycoproteins, including butyrophilin and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan core protein. A predominant feature of most Ig domains is a disulfide bridge connecting the two beta-sheets with a tryptophan residue packed against the disulfide bond. Ig superfamily (IgSF) domains can be divided into 4 main classes based on their structures and sequences: the Variable (V), Constant 1 (C1), Constant 2 (C2), and Intermediate (I) sets. Typically, the V-set domains have A, B, E, and D strands in one sheet and A', G, F, C, C' and C" in the other. The structures in C1-set are smaller than those in the V-set; they have one beta sheet that is formed by strands A, B, E, and D and the other by strands G, F, C, and C'. Moreover, a C1-set Ig domain contains a short C' strand (three residues) and lacks A' and C" strand. Unlike other Ig domain sets, C2-set structures do not have a D strand. Like the V-set Ig domains, members of the I-set have a discontinuous A strand, but lack a C" strand.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1039793745 116 FELTCEAIGKPQPVmVTWVRVDDEMPQHAVLSGPN------LFINNLNKTDNGTYRCEASNIVGKAHS 177
Cdd:cd00096     1 VTLTCSASGNPPPT-ITWYKNGKPLPPSSRDSRRSelgngtLTISNVTLEDSGTYTCVASNSAGGSAS 67

putative band 4.1 homologues' binding motif;

                           10
                   ....*....|....*....
gi 1039793745  277 LGRYFARHKGTYFTHEAKG 295
Cdd:smart00294   1 MYRYKHRDEGSYHTHEPKG 19

Second immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain of nectin-like molecule 2 (Necl-2); member of the I-set of Ig superfamily domains; The members here are composed of the second immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain of nectin-like molecule 2 (Necl-2; also known as cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1)). Nectin-like molecules (Necls) have similar domain structures to those of nectins. At least five nectin-like molecules have been identified (Necl-1 through Necl-5). These have an extracellular region containing three Ig-like domains, one transmembrane region, and one cytoplasmic region. Necl-2 has Ca(2+)-independent homophilic and heterophilic cell-cell adhesion activity. Necl-1 is expressed in a wide variety of tissues and is a putative tumour suppressor gene which is downregulated in aggressive neuroblastoma. Ig domains are likely to participate in ligand binding and recognition.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1039793745   1 MIDIQKDTAVEGEEIEVNCTAMASKPATTIRWFKGNKELKGKSEVEEW-SDMYTVTSQLMLKVHKEDDGVPVICQVEHPA 79
Cdd:cd05883     8 VIDIQKDTAVEGEEIELNCTAMASKPAATIRWFKGNKELTGKSEVEEWySRMFTVTSQLMLKVTKEDDGVPVICLVDHPA 87

                          90
                  ....*....|...
gi 1039793745  80 VTGnLQTQRYLEV 92
Cdd:cd05883    88 VKD-LQTQRYLEV 99

Second immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain of nectin-like molecule-4 (Necl-4); member of the I-set of Ig superfamily domains; The members here are composed of the second immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain of nectin-like molecule-4 (Necl-4; also known as cell adhesion molecule 4 (CADM4)). Nectin-like molecules have similar domain structures to those of nectins. At least five nectin-like molecules have been identified (Necl-1-Necl-5). These have an extracellular region containing three Ig-like domains, one transmembrane region, and one cytoplasmic region. Ig domains are likely to participate in ligand binding and recognition. Necl-4 is expressed on Schwann cells, and plays a key part in initiating peripheral nervous system (PNS) myelination. In injured peripheral nerve cells, the mRNA signal for both Necl-4 and Necl-5 was observed to be elevated. Necl-4 participates in cell-cell adhesion and is proposed to play a role in tumor suppression.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1039793745   6 KDTAVEGEEIEVNCTAMASKPATTIRWFKGNKELKGKSEVEEWSDMYTVTSQLMLKVHKEDDGVPVICQVEHPAVTGNLQ 85
Cdd:cd05885    12 REQAVEGGEVELSCLVPRSRPAATLRWYRDRKELKGVSSGQENGKVWSVASTVRFRVDRKDDGGIVICEAQNQALPSGHS 91

                  ....*..
gi 1039793745  86 TQRYLEV 92
Cdd:cd05885    92 KQTQYVL 98

Second immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain of nectin-like molcule-1 (Necl-1); member of the I-set of Ig superfamily domains; The members here are composed of the second immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain of nectin-like molcule-1 (Necl-1; also known as cell adhesion molecule3 (CADM3)). These nectin-like molecules have similar domain structures to those of nectins. At least five nectin-like molecules have been identified (Necl-1 through Necl-5). These have an extracellular region containing three Ig-like domains, one transmembrane region, and one cytoplasmic region. The N-terminal Ig-like domain of the extracellular region belongs to the V-type subfamily of Ig domains is essential to cell-cell adhesion and plays a part in the interaction with the envelope glycoprotein D of various viruses. Necl-1 and Necl-2 have Ca(2+)-independent homophilic and heterophilic cell-cell adhesion activity. Necl-1 is specifically expressed in neural tissue and is important to the formation of synapses, axon bundles, and myelinated axons. Necl-2 is expressed in a wide variety of tissues and is a putative tumour suppressor gene which is downregulated in aggressive neuroblastoma. Ig domains are likely to participate in ligand binding and recognition.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1039793745   5 QKDTAvegeeiEVNCTAMASKPATTIRWFKGNKELKG-KSEVEEWSD--MYTVTSQLMLKVHKEDDGVPVICQVEHPAVT 81
Cdd:cd07705    18 EKDKA------KLRCTSSGSKPAANIKWRKGDQELEGaPTSVQEDGNgkTFTVSSSVEFQVTREDDGAEITCSVGHESLH 91

                  .
gi 1039793745  82 G 82
Cdd:cd07705    92 D 92

CD80-like C2-set immunoglobulin domain; These domains belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 1039793745  10 VEGEEIEVNCTAMASKPATTIRWFKGNKELKG---KSEVEEWSDMYTVTSQLMLKVHKEDDGVPVICQVEHPA 79
Cdd:pfam08205  12 GEGPEVVATCSSAGGKPAPRITWYLDGKPLEAaetSSEQDPESGLVTVTSELKLVPSRSDHGQSLTCQVSYGA 84

Immunoglobulin domain; The members here are composed of the immunoglobulin (Ig) domain found in the Ig superfamily. The Ig superfamily is a heterogenous group of proteins, built on a common fold comprised of a sandwich of two beta sheets. Members of this group are components of immunoglobulin, neuroglia, cell surface glycoproteins, including T-cell receptors, CD2, CD4, CD8, and membrane glycoproteins, including butyrophilin and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan core protein. A predominant feature of most Ig domains is a disulfide bridge connecting the two beta-sheets with a tryptophan residue packed against the disulfide bond. Ig superfamily (IgSF) domains can be divided into 4 main classes based on their structures and sequences: the Variable (V), Constant 1 (C1), Constant 2 (C2), and Intermediate (I) sets. Typically, the V-set domains have A, B, E, and D strands in one sheet and A', G, F, C, C' and C" in the other. The structures in C1-set are smaller than those in the V-set; they have one beta sheet that is formed by strands A, B, E, and D and the other by strands G, F, C, and C'. Moreover, a C1-set Ig domain contains a short C' strand (three residues) and lacks A' and C" strand. Unlike other Ig domain sets, C2-set structures do not have a D strand. Like the V-set Ig domains, members of the I-set have a discontinuous A strand, but lack a C" strand.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1039793745 116 FELTCEAIGKPQPVmVTWVRVDDEMPQHAVLSGPN------LFINNLNKTDNGTYRCEASNIVGKAHS 177
Cdd:cd00096     1 VTLTCSASGNPPPT-ITWYKNGKPLPPSSRDSRRSelgngtLTISNVTLEDSGTYTCVASNSAGGSAS 67

Immunoglobulin I-set domain;

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1039793745 101 QMTYPLQGLT-REGDAFELTCEAIGKPQPVmVTWVRVDDEMPQ---HAVLSGPN---LFINNLNKTDNGTYRCEASNIVG 173
Cdd:pfam07679   2 KFTQKPKDVEvQEGESARFTCTVTGTPDPE-VSWFKDGQPLRSsdrFKVTYEGGtytLTISNVQPDDSGKYTCVATNSAG 80

                  ..
gi 1039793745 174 KA 175
Cdd:pfam07679  81 EA 82

Third immunoglobulin (Ig) domain of contactin; member of the I-set of Ig superfamily (IgSF) domains; The members here are composed of the third immunoglobulin (Ig) domain of contactins. Contactins are neural cell adhesion molecules and are comprised of six Ig domains followed by four fibronectin type III (FnIII) domains anchored to the membrane by glycosylphosphatidylinositol. The first four Ig domains form the intermolecular binding fragment, which arranges as a compact U-shaped module via contacts between Ig domains 1 and 4, and between Ig domains 2 and 3. Contactin-2 (TAG-1, axonin-1) may play a part in the neuronal processes of neurite outgrowth, axon guidance and fasciculation, and neuronal migration. This group also includes contactin-1 and contactin-5. The different contactins show different expression patterns in the central nervous system. During development and in adulthood, contactin-2 is transiently expressed in subsets of central and peripheral neurons. Contactin-5 is expressed specifically in the rat postnatal nervous system, peaking at about 3 weeks postnatal, and a lack of contactin-5 (NB-2) results in an impairment of neuronal activity in the rat auditory system. Contactin-5 is highly expressed in the adult human brain in the occipital lobe and in the amygdala. Contactin-1 is differentially expressed in tumor tissues and may, through a RhoA mechanism, facilitate invasion and metastasis of human lung adenocarcinoma. This group belongs to the I-set of IgSF domains.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1039793745 113 GDAFELTCEAIGKPQPvMVTWVRVDDEMPQHAVL--SGPNLFINNLNKTDNGTYRCEASNIVGKAHSDYMLYVY 184
Cdd:cd04968    16 GQTVTLECFALGNPVP-QIKWRKVDGSPSSQWEIttSEPVLEIPNVQFEDEGTYECEAENSRGKDTVQGRIIVQ 88

Third immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain in Robo (roundabout) receptors; member of the I-set of Ig superfamily (IgSF) domains; The members here are composed of the third immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain in Robo (roundabout) receptors. Robo receptors play a role in the development of the central nervous system (CNS), and are receptors of Slit protein. Slit is a repellant secreted by the neural cells in the midline. Slit acts through Robo to prevent most neurons from crossing the midline from either side. Three mammalian Robo homologs (Robo1, Robo2, Robo3), and three mammalian Slit homologs (Slit-1,Slit-2, Slit-3), have been identified. Commissural axons, which cross the midline, express low levels of Robo; longitudinal axons, which avoid the midline, express high levels of Robo. Robo1, Robo2, and Robo3 are expressed by commissural neurons in the vertebrate spinal cord and Slit-1, Slit-2, and Slit-3 are expressed at the ventral midline. Robo-3 is a divergent member of the Robo family which instead of being a positive regulator of Slit responsiveness, antagonizes Slit responsiveness in precrossing axons. The Slit-Robo interaction is mediated by the second leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain of Slit and the two N-terminal Ig domains of Robo, Ig1 and Ig2. The primary Robo binding site for Slit2 has been shown by surface plasmon resonance experiments and mutational analysis to be the Ig1 domain, while the Ig2 domain has been proposed to harbor a weak secondary binding site. This group belongs to the I-set of IgSF domains, having A-B-E-D strands in one beta-sheet and A'-G-F-C-C' in the other. Like the V-set Ig domains, members of the I-set have a discontinuous A strand, but lack a C" strand.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 1039793745 113 GDAFELTCEAIGKPQPVmVTWVRVDDEMP--QHAVLSGPNLFINNLNKTDNGTYRCEASNIVGKAHSDYMLYV 183
Cdd:cd05725    12 DDSAEFQCEVGGDPVPT-VRWRKEDGELPkgRYEILDDHSLKIRKVTAGDMGSYTCVAENMVGKIEASATLTV 83

agrin-responsive second immunoglobulin-like domains (Ig2) of the Muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) ectodomain; a member of the I-set of Ig superfamily domains; The members here are composed of the second immunoglobulin-like (Ig) domains of the Muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) ectodomain. MuSK is a receptor tyrosine kinase specifically expressed in skeletal muscle, where it plays a central role in the formation and maintenance of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). MuSK is activated by agrin, a neuron-derived heparan sulfate proteoglycan. The activation of MUSK in myotubes regulates the formation of NMJs through the regulation of different processes including the specific expression of genes in subsynaptic nuclei, the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and the clustering of the acetylcholine receptors (AChR) in the postsynaptic membrane. The Ig superfamily (IgSF) is a heterogenous group of proteins, built on a common fold comprised of a sandwich of two beta sheets. IgSF domains can be divided into 4 main classes based on their structures and sequences: the Variable (V), Constant 1 (C1), Constant 2 (C2), and Intermediate (I) sets. Unlike the V-set, one of the distinctive features of I-set domains is the lack of a C" strand. The structure of the MuSK lacks this strand and thus it belongs to the I-set of the IgSF. I-set domains are found in several cell adhesion molecules (such as VCAM, ICAM, and MADCAM), and are also present in numerous other diverse protein families, including several tyrosine-protein kinase receptors, the hemolymph protein hemolin, the muscle proteins titin, telokin, and twitchin, the neuronal adhesion molecule axonin-1, and the signaling molecule semaphorin 4D that is involved in axonal guidance, immune function and angiogenesis.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1039793745 112 EGDAFELTCEAIGKPQPvMVTWVRVDDEMPQH---AVLSGPNLFINNLNKTDNGTYRCEASNIVGKAHS 177
Cdd:cd20968    13 EGLKAVLPCTTMGNPKP-SVSWIKGDDLIKENnriAVLESGSLRIHNVQKEDAGQYRCVAKNSLGIAYS 80

Immunoglobulin domain; Members of the immunoglobulin superfamily are found in hundreds of proteins of different functions. Examples include antibodies, the giant muscle kinase titin and receptor tyrosine kinases. Immunoglobulin-like domains may be involved in protein-protein and protein-ligand interactions.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1039793745 107 QGLTREGDAFELTCEAIGKPQPVMVTWVRVDDEMPQ-HAVLSGPN------LFINNLNKTDNGTYRCEASNIVGKA 175
Cdd:pfam00047   5 TVTVLEGDSATLTCSASTGSPGPDVTWSKEGGTLIEsLKVKHDNGrttqssLLISNVTKEDAGTYTCVVNNPGGSA 80

Second immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain of Axl/Tyro3 family receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs); member of the I-set of Ig superfamily (IgSF) domains; The members here are composed of the second immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain in the Axl/Tyro3 family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). This family includes Axl (also known as Ark, Ufo, and Tyro7), Tyro3 (also known as Sky, Rse, Brt, Dtk, and Tif), and Mer (also known as Nyk, c-Eyk, and Tyro12). Axl/Tyro3 family receptors have an extracellular portion with two Ig-like domains followed by two fibronectin-types III (FNIII) domains, a membrane-spanning single helix, and a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain. Axl, Tyro3, and Mer are widely expressed in adult tissues, though they show higher expression in the brain, lymphatic and vascular systems, and testis. Axl, Tyro3, and Mer bind the vitamin K dependent protein Gas6 with high affinity, and in doing so activate their tyrosine kinase activity. Axl/Gas6 signaling may play a part in cell adhesion processes, prevention of apoptosis, and cell proliferation.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1039793745 113 GDAFELTCEAIGKPQPVMVTWVRVDDEMPQHAVLSGPNLFINNLNKTdnGTYRCEASNIVGKAHS 177
Cdd:cd05749    14 NTPFNLTCQAVGPPEPVEILWWQGGSPLGGPPAPSPSVLNVPGLNET--TKFSCEAHNAKGLTSS 76

Immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain of human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) related cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM) domains 2, 4, and 6, and similar domains; The members here are composed of the second, fourth, and sixth immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains in human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) related cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM) protein subfamily. The CEA family is a group of anchored or secreted glycoproteins expressed by epithelial cells, leukocytes, endothelial cells, and placenta. The CEA family is divided into the CEACAM and pregnancy-specific glycoprotein (PSG) subfamilies. This group represents the CEACAM subfamily. CEACAM1 has many important cellular functions; it is a cell adhesion molecule and a signaling molecule that regulates the growth of tumor cells, an angiogenic factor, and a receptor for bacterial and viral pathogens, including mouse hepatitis virus (MHV). In mice, four isoforms of CEACAM1 generated by alternative splicing have either two [D1, D4] or four [D1-D4] Ig-like domains on the cell surface.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1039793745 111 REGDAFELTCEAIGkpQPVMVTWVRVDDEMPQHA--VLSGPN--LFINNLNKTDNGTYRCEASNIVGKAHSD-YMLYVY 184
Cdd:cd05740    13 EDKDAVTLTCEPET--QNTSYLWWFNGQSLPVTPrlTLSNGNrtLTLLNVTREDAGAYQCEISNPVSANRSDpVTLDVI 89

First immunoglobulin (Ig)-like constant domain in Robo (roundabout) receptors, and similar domains; The members here are composed of the first immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain in Roundabout (Robo) receptors. Robo receptors play a role in the development of the central nervous system (CNS), and are receptors of Slit protein. Slit is a repellant secreted by the neural cells in the midline. Slit acts through Robo to prevent most neurons from crossing the midline from either side. Three mammalian Robo homologs (Robo1, Robo2, and Robo3), and three mammalian Slit homologs (Slit1, Slit2, Slit3), have been identified. Commissural axons, which cross the midline, express low levels of Robo; longitudinal axons, which avoid the midline, express high levels of Robo. Robo1, Robo2, and Robo3 are expressed by commissural neurons in the vertebrate spinal cord and Slit1, Slit2,and Slit3 are expressed at the ventral midline. Robo3 is a divergent member of the Robo family which instead of being a positive regulator of Slit responsiveness, antagonizes Slit responsiveness in precrossing axons. The Slit-Robo interaction is mediated by the second leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain of Slit and the two N-terminal Ig domains of Robo, Ig1 and Ig2. The primary Robo binding site for Slit2 has been shown by surface plasmon resonance experiments and mutational analysis to be is the Ig1 domain, while the Ig2 domain has been proposed to harbor a weak secondary binding site.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1039793745 104 YPLQGLTREGDAFELTCEAIGKPQPVmVTWVR--------VDDEMPQHAVLSGPNLFI-----NNLNKTDNGTYRCEASN 170
Cdd:cd07693     6 HPSDLIVSKGDPATLNCKAEGRPTPT-IQWLKngqpletdKDDPRSHRIVLPSGSLFFlrvvhGRKGRSDEGVYVCVAHN 84

                  ....*..
gi 1039793745 171 IVGKAHS 177
Cdd:cd07693    85 SLGEAVS 91

Second immunoglobulin (Ig) domain of Nectin-2 and Nectin-like protein 5, and similar domains; member of the C1-set of the Ig superfamily (IgSF) domains; The members here are composed of the second immunoglobulin (Ig) domain of nectin-2 (also known as poliovirus receptor related protein 2 or Cluster of Differentiation 112 (CD112)), nectin-like protein 5 (CD155), and similar proteins. Nectins and Nectin-like molecules are a family of Ca(2+)-independent immunoglobulin-like transmembrane glycoproteins belonging to the class of adhesion receptors, consisting of nine members (nectins 1 through 4 and nectin-like proteins 1 through 5). Nectins are synaptic cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) which facilitate adhesion and signaling at various intracellular junctions. Nectins form homophilic cis-dimers, followed by homophilic and heterophilic trans-dimers involved in cell-cell adhesion. Nectin-2 and nectin-3 localize at Sertoli-spermatid junctions where they form heterophilic trans-interactions between the cells that are essential for the formation and maintenance of the junctions and for spermatid development. CD155 is the fifth member in the nectin-like molecule family, and functions as the receptor of poliovirus; therefore, CD155 is also referred to as Necl-5, or PVR. In contrast to all other family members, CD155 lacks self-adhesion capacity, yet it shares with nectins the feature to interact with other nectins. For instance, CD155 heterophilically trans-interacts with nectin-3, thereby contributing significantly to the establishment of adherens junctions between epithelial cells. This group belongs to the Constant 1 (C1)-set of IgSF domains, which has one beta-sheet that is formed by strands A-B-E-D and the other strands by G-F-C-C'.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1039793745  19 CTAMASKPATTIRWFKG-NKELKGKSEVEEWSDMYTVTSQLMLKVHKEDDGVPVICQVEH 77
Cdd:cd07703    22 CVSANGRPPARISWSSTlNGNANTTQVPGPDSGTVTVTSEYSLVPTPEANGKEVTCKVEH 81

Immunoglobulin-like Ig0 domain of basigin-1 (BSG1) and similar proteins; The members here are composed of the immunoglobulin (Ig) domain of the collagenase stimulatory factor, basigin-1 (BSG1; also known as Cluster of Differentiation 147 (CD147) and Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Inducer (EMMPRIN)) and similar proteins. CD147 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is expressed in nearly all cells including platelets and fibroblasts and is involved in inflammatory diseases, and cancer progression. CD147 is highly expressed in several cancers and used as a prognostic marker. The two primary isoforms of CD147 that are related to cancer progression have been identified: CD147 Ig1-Ig2 (also called Basigin-2) that is ubiquitously expressed in most tissues and CD147 Ig0-Ig1-Ig2 (also called Basigin-1) that is retinal specific and implicated in retinoblastoma. Studies showed that CD147 Ig0 domain is a potent stimulator of interleukin-6 and suggest that the CD147 Ig0 dimer is the functional unit required for activity.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1039793745 105 PLQGLTREGDAFELTCEAIGKPQPVMVTW---------------------VRVDDEMPQHAVLSgpnLFINNLNKTDNGT 163
Cdd:cd20940     7 PLSQQRLVGDSVELHCEAVGSPIPEIQWWfegqepneicsqlwdgarldrVHINATYHQHATST---ISIDNLTEEDTGT 83

                  ....*..
gi 1039793745 164 YRCEASN 170
Cdd:cd20940    84 YECRASN 90

Immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain of the human basement membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan perlecan and similar proteins; The members here are composed of the immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain of the human basement membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan perlecan, also known as HSPG2, and similar proteins. Perlecan consists of five domains: domain I has three putative heparan sulfate attachment sites, domain II has four LDL receptor-like repeats, and one Ig-like repeat, domain III resembles the short arm of laminin chains, domain IV has multiple Ig-like repeats (21 repeats in human perlecan), and domain V resembles the globular G domain of the laminin A chain and internal repeats of EGF. Perlecan may participate in a variety of biological functions including cell binding, LDL-metabolism, basement membrane assembly and selective permeability, calcium binding, and growth- and neurite-promoting activities.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1039793745 113 GDAFELTCEAIGKPQPVmVTWVRVDDEMPQHAVLSGPN------LFINNLNKTDNGTYRCEASNIVG 173
Cdd:cd05743     1 GETVEFTCVATGVPTPI-INWRLNWGHVPDSARVSITSeggygtLTIRDVKESDQGAYTCEAINTRG 66

Second immunoglobulin (Ig) domain of nectin-3 and nectin-4 (poliovirus receptor related protein 4), and similar domains; member of the C1-set of Ig superfamily (IgSF) domains; The members here are composed of the second immunoglobulin (Ig) domain of nectin-3 (also known as poliovirus receptor related protein 3 or cluster of differentiation (CD) 113) and nectin-4 (poliovirus receptor related protein 4). Nectin-3 and nectin-4 belong to the nectin family comprised of four transmembrane glycoproteins (nectin-1 through -4). Nectins are synaptic cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) which facilitate adhesion and signaling at various intracellular junctions. Nectins form homophilic cis-dimers, followed by homophilic and heterophilic trans-dimers involved in cell-cell adhesion. Nectin-2 and nectin-3 localize at Sertoli-spermatid junctions where they form heterophilic trans-interactions between the cells that are essential for the formation and maintenance of the junctions and for spermatid development. Nectin-3 has also been shown to form a heterophilic trans-interaction with nectin-1 in ciliary epithelia, establishing the apex-apex adhesion between the pigment and non-pigment cell layers. Nectin-4 has recently been identified in several types of breast carcinoma and can be used as a histological and serological marker for breast cancer.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1039793745  11 EGEEIEVNCTAMASKPATTIRWfkgNKELKGKSEVE--EWSDMYTVTSQLMLKVHKEDDGVPVICQVEHPAVtgnLQTQR 88
Cdd:cd07704    16 GNETLAASCTAETGKPAASVTW---ETDLGGMESSRtfEHNRTATVTSEYHLVPTRFANGRPLTCVVSHPAL---QQDIR 89

                  .
gi 1039793745  89 Y 89
Cdd:cd07704    90 I 90

Third immunoglobulin domain in Cluster of Differentiation (CD) 22; member of the Constant 2 (C2)-set of IgSF domains; The members here are composed of the third immunoglobulin domain in Cluster of Differentiation (CD) 22 (also known as Siglec-2). CD22, a sialic-acid binding immunoglobulin type-lectin (Siglec) family member, is an inhibitory co-receptor of the B-cell receptor (BCR). The inhibitory function of CD22 and its restricted expression on B cells makes CD22 an attractive target against dysregulated B cells that cause autoimmune diseases and B-cell-derived cancers. CD22 plays a vital role in establishing a baseline level of B-cell inhibition, and thus is an important determinant of homeostasis in humoral immunity. Siglecs are primarily expressed on immune cells and recognize sialic acid-containing glycan ligands. Siglecs are organized as an extracellular module composed of Ig-like domains (an N-terminal variable set of Ig-like carbohydrate recognition domains, and 1 to 16 constant Ig-like domains), followed by transmembrane and short cytoplasmic domains. Human Siglecs are classified into two subgroups, one subgroup is comprised of sialoadhesin (Siglec-1), CD22 (Siglec-2), and MAG (Siglec-4, myelin-associated glycoprotein), the other subgroup is comprised of CD33-related Siglecs which include CD33 (Siglec-3) and human Siglecs 5-11. IgSF domains can be divided into 4 main classes based on their structures and sequences: the Variable (V), Constant 1 (C1), Constant 2 (C2), and Intermediate (I) sets. This group belongs to the C2-set of IgSF domains, having A, B, and E strands in one beta-sheet and A', G, F, C' in the other. Unlike other Ig domain sets, the C2-set lacks the D strand.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1039793745  96 PQVHIQMTyPLQGLTREGDAFELTCE-AIGKPQPVMVTWVRVDDEMPQHAVLSgpnLFINNLNKTDNGTYRCEASNIVGK 174
Cdd:cd20937     1 PKLEIKVT-PSDAIVREGDSVTMTCEvSSSNPEYTTVSWLKDGTSLKKQNTFT---LNLREVTKDQSGKYCCQVSNDVGP 76

                  ...
gi 1039793745 175 AHS 177
Cdd:cd20937    77 GRS 79

Fourth immunoglobulin domain of the Drosophila melanogaster Dscam protein, and similar domains; a member of the I-set of IgSF domains; The members here are composed of the fourth immunoglobulin domain of the Drosophila melanogaster Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (DSCAM) protein and similar proteins. Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (DSCAM) is a cell adhesion molecule that plays critical roles in neural development, including axon guidance and branching, axon target recognition, self-avoidance and synaptic formation. DSCAM belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and contributes to defects in the central nervous system in Down syndrome patients. Vertebrate DSCAMs differ from Drosophila Dscam1 in that they lack the extensive alternative splicing that occurs in the insect gene. Drosophila melanogaster Dscam has 38,016 isoforms generated by the alternative splicing of four variable exon clusters, which allows every neuron in the fly to display a distinctive set of Dscam proteins on its cell surface. Drosophila Dscam1 is a cell-surface protein that plays important roles in neural development and axon tiling of neurons. It is shown that thousands of isoforms bind themselves through specific homophilic (self-binding) interactions, a process which mediates cellular self-recognition. Drosophila Dscam2 is also alternatively spliced and plays a key role in the development of two visual system neurons, monopolar cells L1 and L2. This group is a member of the I-set Ig domains, having A-B-E-D strands in one beta-sheet and A'-G-F-C-C' in the other. Like the V-set Ig domains, members of the I-set have a discontinuous A strand but lack a C" strand.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1039793745 113 GDAFELTCEAIGKPQPVmVTW------------VRVDDEMPQHA-VLSGPNlfINNLNKTDNGTYRCEASNIVGKA-HS 177
Cdd:cd20956    16 GPSVSLKCVASGNPLPQ-ITWtldgfpipesprFRVGDYVTSDGdVVSYVN--ISSVRVEDGGEYTCTATNDVGSVsHS 91

Fourth Ig-like domain from smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase and similar domains ; a member of the I-set of IgSF domains; The members here are composed of the fourth immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain from smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase (MYLK) and similar domains. The Ig superfamily (IgSF) is a heterogenous group of proteins, built on a common fold comprised of a sandwich of two beta sheets. IgSF domains can be divided into 4 main classes based on their structures and sequences: the Variable (V), Constant 1 (C1), Constant 2 (C2), and Intermediate (I) sets. Unlike the V-set, one of the distinctive features of I-set domains is the lack of a C" strand. The structure of this group shows that the fourth Ig-like domain from myosin light chain kinase lacks this strand and thus belongs to the I-set of the IgSF. I-set domains are found in several cell adhesion molecules (such as VCAM, ICAM, and MADCAM), and are also present in numerous other diverse protein families, including several tyrosine-protein kinase receptors, the hemolymph protein hemolin, the muscle proteins titin, telokin, and twitchin, the neuronal adhesion molecule axonin-1, and the signaling molecule semaphorin 4D that is involved in axonal guidance, immune function and angiogenesis.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1039793745 112 EGDAFELTCEAIGKPQPvMVTWVRVDDEMPQHAVLSGPN-----LFINNLNKTDNGTYRCEASNIVGKA 175
Cdd:cd20976    15 EGQDFVAQCSARGKPVP-RITWIRNAQPLQYAADRSTCEagvgeLHIQDVLPEDHGTYTCLAKNAAGQV 82

Immunoglobulin domain; Members of the immunoglobulin superfamily are found in hundreds of proteins of different functions. Examples include antibodies, the giant muscle kinase titin and receptor tyrosine kinases. Immunoglobulin-like domains may be involved in protein-protein and protein-ligand interactions.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1039793745  11 EGEEIEVNCTAMASKPATTIRWFKGNKELKGKSEVEEWSDMYTVTSQLMLKVHKEDDGVpVICQVEHP 78
Cdd:pfam00047  10 EGDSATLTCSASTGSPGPDVTWSKEGGTLIESLKVKHDNGRTTQSSLLISNVTKEDAGT-YTCVVNNP 76

Immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain of titin and similar proteins; The members here are composed of the immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain found in titin-like proteins and similar proteins. Titin (also called connectin) is a fibrous sarcomeric protein specifically found in vertebrate striated muscle. Titin is a giant protein; depending on isoform composition, it ranges from 2970 to 3700 kDa, and is of a length that spans half a sarcomere. Titin largely consists of multiple repeats of Ig-like and fibronectin type 3 (FN-III)-like domains. Titin connects the ends of myosin thick filaments to Z disks and extends along the thick filament to the H zone. It appears to function similarly to an elastic band, keeping the myosin filaments centered in the sarcomere during muscle contraction or stretching. Within the sarcomere, titin is also attached to or is associated with myosin binding protein C (MyBP-C). MyBP-C appears to contribute to the generation of passive tension by titin and like titin has repeated Ig-like and FN-III domains. Also included in this group are worm twitchin and insect projectin, thick filament proteins of invertebrate muscle which also have repeated Ig-like and FN-III domains.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1039793745 111 REGDAFELTCEAIGKPQPVmVTWVRVDDEM--PQHA-VLSGPN---LFINNLNKTDNGTYRCEASNIVGKAHSD 178
Cdd:cd05748     5 RAGESLRLDIPIKGRPTPT-VTWSKDGQPLkeTGRVqIETTASstsLVIKNAKRSDSGKYTLTLKNSAGEKSAT 77

First immunoglobulin (Ig) domain of contactin-1; member of the I-set of Ig superfamily domains; The members here are composed of the first immunoglobulin (Ig) domain of the neural cell adhesion molecule contactin-1. Contactins are comprised of six Ig domains followed by four fibronectin type III (FnIII) domains anchored to the membrane by glycosylphosphatidylinositol. Contactin-1 is differentially expressed in tumor tissues and may, through a RhoA mechanism, facilitate invasion and metastasis of human lung adenocarcinoma. This group belongs to the I-set of IgSF domains.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1039793745 100 IQMTYPLQGLtrEGDAfELTCEAIGKPQPVMvTWVRVD---DEMPQHAVLSGPNLFINNLNKT-DNGTYRCEASNIVGKA 175
Cdd:cd05849     9 IDTIYPEEST--EGKV-SVNCRARANPFPIY-KWRKNNldiDLTNDRYSMVGGNLVINNPDKYkDAGRYVCIVSNIYGKV 84

                  ..
gi 1039793745 176 HS 177
Cdd:cd05849    85 RS 86

Second Ig-like domain of the giant muscle protein titin Z1z2 in the sarcomeric Z-disk, and similar domains; a member of the I-set of IgSF domains; The members here are composed of the second immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain of the giant muscle protein titin Z1z2 in the sarcomeric Z-disk and similar proteins. Titin is a key component in the assembly and functioning of vertebrate striated muscles. By providing connections at the level of individual microfilaments, it contributes to the fine balance of forces between the two halves of the sarcomere. The Ig superfamily (IgSF) is a heterogenous group of proteins, built on a common fold comprised of a sandwich of two beta sheets. IgSF domains can be divided into 4 main classes based on their structures and sequences: the Variable (V), Constant 1 (C1), Constant 2 (C2), and Intermediate (I) sets. Unlike the V-set, one of the distinctive features of I-set domains is the lack of a C" strand. The structure of the titin Z1z2 lacks this strand and thus it belongs to the I-set of the IgSF. I-set domains are found in several cell adhesion molecules (such as VCAM, ICAM, and MADCAM), and are also present in numerous other diverse protein families, including several tyrosine-protein kinase receptors, the hemolymph protein hemolin, the muscle proteins titin, telokin, and twitchin, the neuronal adhesion molecule axonin-1, and the signaling molecule semaphorin 4D that is involved in axonal guidance, immune function and angiogenesis.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1039793745 101 QMTYPLQGLT-REGDAFELTCEAIGKPQPVmVTWVRVDDEM---PQHAVLSGPNLF---INNLNKTDNGTYRCEASNIVG 173
Cdd:cd20972     3 QFIQKLRSQEvAEGSKVRLECRVTGNPTPV-VRWFCEGKELqnsPDIQIHQEGDLHsliIAEAFEEDTGRYSCLATNSVG 81

                          90
                  ....*....|
gi 1039793745 174 KAHSDYMLYV 183
Cdd:cd20972    82 SDTTSAEIFV 91

Fourth immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain in neogenin, and similar domains; member of the I-set of Ig superfamily (IgSF) domains; The members here are composed of the fourth immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain in neogenin and related proteins. Neogenin is a cell surface protein which is expressed in the developing nervous system of vertebrate embryos in the growing nerve cells. It is also expressed in other embryonic tissues, and may play a general role in developmental processes such as cell migration, cell-cell recognition, and tissue growth regulation. Included in this group is the tumor suppressor protein DCC which is deleted in colorectal carcinoma. DCC and neogenin each have four Ig-like domains followed by six fibronectin type III domains, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular domain. This group belongs to the I-set of IgSF domains, having A-B-E-D strands in one beta-sheet and A'-G-F-C-C' in the other. Like the V-set Ig domains, members of the I-set have a discontinuous A strand, but lack a C" strand.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1039793745 117 ELTCEAIGKPQPVmVTWVRVDDE-MPQH--AVLSGPNLFINNLNKTDNGTYRCEASNIVGKAHSDYMLYV 183
Cdd:cd05723    16 VFECEVTGKPTPT-VKWVKNGDVvIPSDyfKIVKEHNLQVLGLVKSDEGFYQCIAENDVGNAQASAQLII 84

Immunoglobulin Constant-1 (C1)-set domain; The members here are composed of C1-set domains, classical Ig-like domains resembling the antibody constant domain. Members of the IgC1 family are components of immunoglobulin, T-cell receptors, CD1 cell surface glycoproteins, secretory glycoproteins A/C, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I/II molecules. In immunoglobulins, each chain is composed of one variable domain (IgV) and one or more IgC domains. These names reflect the fact that the variability in sequences is higher in the variable domain than in the constant domain. The IgV domain is responsible for antigen binding, while the IgC domain is involved in oligomerization and molecular interactions. The structures in C1-set are smaller than those in the V-set; they have one beta sheet that is formed by strands A, B, E, and D and the other strands by G, F, C, and C'.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1039793745  29 TIRWFKGNKELKGKSEVEEWSD----MYTVTSQLMLKVHKEDDGVPVICQVEHPA 79
Cdd:cd00098    32 TVTWLKNGVPLTSGVSTSSPVEpndgTYSVTSSLTVPPSDWDEGATYTCVVTHES 86

Fourth immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain of the L1 cell adhesion molecule (CAM); The members here are composed of the fourth immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain of the L1 cell adhesion molecule (CAM). L1 is comprised of an extracellular region having six Ig-like domains and five fibronectin type III domains, a transmembrane region, and an intracellular domain. L1 is primarily expressed in the nervous system and is involved in its development and function. L1 is associated with an X-linked recessive disorder, X-linked hydrocephalus, MASA syndrome, and spastic paraplegia type 1, that involves abnormalities of axonal growth. This group also contains the chicken neuron-glia cell adhesion molecule, Ng-CAM.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1039793745 105 PLQGLTREGDAFELTCEAIGKPQPvMVTW------VRVDDEMPQHAVLSGPnLFINNLNKTDNGTYRCEASNIVGKAHSD 178
Cdd:cd05867     6 PQSHLYGPGETARLDCQVEGIPTP-NITWsingapIEGTDPDPRRHVSSGA-LILTDVQPSDTAVYQCEARNRHGNLLAN 83

                  ....*
gi 1039793745 179 YMLYV 183
Cdd:cd05867    84 AHVHV 88

Third immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain of Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (NCAM-1); member of the I-set of IgSF domains; The members here are composed of the third immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain of Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule (NCAM-1). NCAM plays important roles in the development and regeneration of the central nervous system, in synaptogenesis and neural migration. NCAM mediates cell-cell and cell-substratum recognition and adhesion via homophilic (NCAM-NCAM), and heterophilic (NCAM-non-NCAM), interactions. NCAM is expressed as three major isoforms having different intracellular extensions. The extracellular portion of NCAM has five N-terminal Ig-like domains and two fibronectin type III domains. The double zipper adhesion complex model for NCAM homophilic binding involves Ig1, Ig2, and Ig3. By this model, Ig1 and Ig2 mediate dimerization of NCAM molecules situated on the same cell surface (cis interactions), and Ig3 domains mediate interactions between NCAM molecules expressed on the surface of opposing cells (trans interactions) through binding to the Ig1 and Ig2 domains. The adhesive ability of NCAM is modulated by the addition of polysialic acid chains to the fifth Ig-like domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1039793745 113 GDAFELTCEAIGKPQPVMvTWVR----VDDEMPQHAV-LSGPNLFINNLNKTDNGTYRCEASNIVGKAHSDYMLYVY 184
Cdd:cd05730    18 GQSVTLACDADGFPEPTM-TWTKdgepIESGEEKYSFnEDGSEMTILDVDKLDEAEYTCIAENKAGEQEAEIHLKVF 93

Signal-regulatory protein (SIRP) immunoglobulin-like domain 2; member of the C1-set of Ig superfamily (IgSF) domains; The members here are composed of the immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain in Signal-Regulatory Protein (SIRP), domain 2 (C1 repeat 1). The SIRPs belong to the "paired receptors" class of membrane proteins that comprise several genes coding for proteins with similar extracellular regions, but very different transmembrane/cytoplasmic regions with different (activating or inhibitory) signaling potentials. They are commonly on NK cells, but are also on many myeloid cells. Their extracellular region contains three Immunoglobulin superfamily domains, a single V-set and two C1-set IgSF domains. Their cytoplasmic tails contain either ITIMs or transmembrane regions that have positively charged residues that allow an association with adaptor proteins, such as DAP12/KARAP, containing ITAMs. There are 3 distinct SIRP members: alpha, beta, and gamma. SIRP alpha (also known as CD172a or SRC homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase substrate 1/Shps-1) is a membrane receptor that interacts with a ligand CD47 expressed on many cells and gives an inhibitory signal through immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs in the cytoplasmic region that interact with phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2. SIRP beta has a short cytoplasmic region and associates with a transmembrane adapter protein DAP12 containing immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs to give an activating signal. SIRP gamma contains a very short cytoplasmic region lacking obvious signaling motifs, but also binds CD47, but with much less affinity.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1039793745   9 AVEGEEIEVNCTAMASKP-ATTIRWFKGNKELKG---KSEVEEWSDMYTVTSQLMLKVHKEDDGVPVICQVEHPAVTGNL 84
Cdd:cd05772    14 ATPGQTVSFTCKSHGFSPrDITLKWFKNGNELSAlqtTVFPEGDSVSYSVSSTVQVVLTKDDVHSQLTCEVAHVTLQAPL 93

                  .
gi 1039793745  85 Q 85
Cdd:cd05772    94 R 94