ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain 2 found in 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase-like protein (OASL) and similar proteins; OASL, also termed 2'-5'-OAS-related protein (2'-5'-OAS-RP), or 59 kDa 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase-like protein, or thyroid receptor-interacting protein 14, or TR-interacting protein 14 (TRIP-14), or p59 OASL (p59OASL), is an interferon (IFN)-induced antiviral protein that plays an important role in the IFNs-mediated antiviral signaling pathway. It inhibits respiratory syncytial virus replication and is targeted by the viral nonstructural protein 1 (NS1). It also displays antiviral activity against encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) via an alternative antiviral pathway independent of RNase L. Moreover, OASL does not have 2'-5'-OAS activity, but can bind double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to enhance RIG-I signaling. OASL belongs to the 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthase (OAS) family. While each member of this family has a conserved N-terminal OAS catalytic domain, only OASL has two tandem C-terminal ubiquitin-like (Ubl) repeats, which are required for its antiviral activity. This family corresponds to the second Ubl domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 11321577 433 EIQVFVKNPDGGSYAYAINPNSFILGLKQQIEDQQGLPKKQQQLEFQGQVLQDWLGLGIYGIQDSDTLILSK 504
Cdd:cd16103   1 EIQIFVKFPDGTSKPYAINPEDTILDLKEKIEEQGGPPVEDQILLFQGQELRDKKSLKYYGIKDGDTLQLSL 72

Nucleotidyltransferase (NT) domain of 2'5'-oligoadenylate (2-5A)synthetase (2-5OAS) and class I CCA-adding enzyme; In vertebrates, 2-5OASs are induced by interferon during the innate immune response to protect against RNA virus infections. In the presence of an RNA activator, 2-5OASs catalyze the oligomerization of ATP into 2-5A. 2-5A activates endoribonuclease L, which leads to degradation of the viral RNA. 2-5OASs are also implicated in cell growth control, differentiation, and apoptosis. This family includes human OAS1, -2, -3, and OASL. CCA-adding enzymes add the sequence [cytidine(C)-cytidine-adenosine (A)], one nucleotide at a time, onto the 3' end of tRNA, in a template-independent reaction. This class I group includes the archaeal Sulfolobus shibatae and Archeoglobus fulgidus CCA-adding enzymes. It belongs to the Pol beta-like NT superfamily. In the majority of enzymes in this superfamily, two carboxylates, Dx[D/E], together with a third more distal carboxylate, coordinate two divalent metal cations involved in a two-metal ion mechanism of nucleotide addition. These carboxylate residues are conserved in this family.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 11321577  29 WKEEVLDAVRTVEEFLRqehfqgKRGLDQDVRVLKVVKVGSFGNGTVLRSTREVELVAFLSCFHSFQEaaKHHKDVLRLI 108
Cdd:cd05400   1 PLEEAKERYREIREALK------ESLSELAGRVAEVFLQGSYARGTALRGDSDIDLVVVLPDDTSFAE--YGPAELLDEL 72

                        90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 11321577 109 WKTMWQSQDLldlgledlrMEQRVPDALVFTIQTRGTaePITVTIVPAYRALGPSlpnsqpppevyvslikacggpgNFC 188
Cdd:cd05400  73 GEALKEYYGA---------NEEVKAQHRSVTVKFKGQ--GFHVDVVPAFEADSGS----------------------KYG 119

                       170       180
                ....*....|....*....|....
gi 11321577 189 PSFSELQRNFVKHRPTKLKSLLRL 212
Cdd:cd05400 120 SVPDRDGGSWVDRNPKHHAELLRR 143

ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain 2 found in 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase-like protein (OASL) and similar proteins; OASL, also termed 2'-5'-OAS-related protein (2'-5'-OAS-RP), or 59 kDa 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase-like protein, or thyroid receptor-interacting protein 14, or TR-interacting protein 14 (TRIP-14), or p59 OASL (p59OASL), is an interferon (IFN)-induced antiviral protein that plays an important role in the IFNs-mediated antiviral signaling pathway. It inhibits respiratory syncytial virus replication and is targeted by the viral nonstructural protein 1 (NS1). It also displays antiviral activity against encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) via an alternative antiviral pathway independent of RNase L. Moreover, OASL does not have 2'-5'-OAS activity, but can bind double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to enhance RIG-I signaling. OASL belongs to the 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthase (OAS) family. While each member of this family has a conserved N-terminal OAS catalytic domain, only OASL has two tandem C-terminal ubiquitin-like (Ubl) repeats, which are required for its antiviral activity. This family corresponds to the second Ubl domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 11321577 433 EIQVFVKNPDGGSYAYAINPNSFILGLKQQIEDQQGLPKKQQQLEFQGQVLQDWLGLGIYGIQDSDTLILSK 504
Cdd:cd16103   1 EIQIFVKFPDGTSKPYAINPEDTILDLKEKIEEQGGPPVEDQILLFQGQELRDKKSLKYYGIKDGDTLQLSL 72

Nucleotidyltransferase (NT) domain of 2'5'-oligoadenylate (2-5A)synthetase (2-5OAS) and class I CCA-adding enzyme; In vertebrates, 2-5OASs are induced by interferon during the innate immune response to protect against RNA virus infections. In the presence of an RNA activator, 2-5OASs catalyze the oligomerization of ATP into 2-5A. 2-5A activates endoribonuclease L, which leads to degradation of the viral RNA. 2-5OASs are also implicated in cell growth control, differentiation, and apoptosis. This family includes human OAS1, -2, -3, and OASL. CCA-adding enzymes add the sequence [cytidine(C)-cytidine-adenosine (A)], one nucleotide at a time, onto the 3' end of tRNA, in a template-independent reaction. This class I group includes the archaeal Sulfolobus shibatae and Archeoglobus fulgidus CCA-adding enzymes. It belongs to the Pol beta-like NT superfamily. In the majority of enzymes in this superfamily, two carboxylates, Dx[D/E], together with a third more distal carboxylate, coordinate two divalent metal cations involved in a two-metal ion mechanism of nucleotide addition. These carboxylate residues are conserved in this family.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 11321577  29 WKEEVLDAVRTVEEFLRqehfqgKRGLDQDVRVLKVVKVGSFGNGTVLRSTREVELVAFLSCFHSFQEaaKHHKDVLRLI 108
Cdd:cd05400   1 PLEEAKERYREIREALK------ESLSELAGRVAEVFLQGSYARGTALRGDSDIDLVVVLPDDTSFAE--YGPAELLDEL 72

                        90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 11321577 109 WKTMWQSQDLldlgledlrMEQRVPDALVFTIQTRGTaePITVTIVPAYRALGPSlpnsqpppevyvslikacggpgNFC 188
Cdd:cd05400  73 GEALKEYYGA---------NEEVKAQHRSVTVKFKGQ--GFHVDVVPAFEADSGS----------------------KYG 119

                       170       180
                ....*....|....*....|....
gi 11321577 189 PSFSELQRNFVKHRPTKLKSLLRL 212
Cdd:cd05400 120 SVPDRDGGSWVDRNPKHHAELLRR 143

Ubiquitin homologues; Ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis is involved in the regulated turnover of proteins required for controlling cell cycle progression

                           10        20        30        40        50        60
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 11321577    434 IQVFVKNPDGGSYAYAINPNSFILGLKQQIEDQQGLPKKQQQLEFQGQVLQDWLGLGIYGIQDSDTLIL 502
Cdd:smart00213   1 IELTVKTLDGKTITLEVKPSDTVSELKEKIAELTGIPPEQQRLIYKGKVLEDDRTLADYGIQDGSTIHL 69

ubiquitin; Provisional

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 11321577  434 IQVFVKNPDGGSYAYAINPNSFILGLKQQIEDQQGLPKKQQQLEFQGQVLQDWLGLGIYGIQDSDTL 500
Cdd:PTZ00044   1 MQILIKTLTGKKQSFNFEPDNTVQQVKMALQEKEGIDVKQIRLIYSGKQMSDDLKLSDYKVVPGSTI 67

ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain 2 found in 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase-like protein (OASL) and similar proteins; OASL, also termed 2'-5'-OAS-related protein (2'-5'-OAS-RP), or 59 kDa 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase-like protein, or thyroid receptor-interacting protein 14, or TR-interacting protein 14 (TRIP-14), or p59 OASL (p59OASL), is an interferon (IFN)-induced antiviral protein that plays an important role in the IFNs-mediated antiviral signaling pathway. It inhibits respiratory syncytial virus replication and is targeted by the viral nonstructural protein 1 (NS1). It also displays antiviral activity against encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) via an alternative antiviral pathway independent of RNase L. Moreover, OASL does not have 2'-5'-OAS activity, but can bind double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to enhance RIG-I signaling. OASL belongs to the 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthase (OAS) family. While each member of this family has a conserved N-terminal OAS catalytic domain, only OASL has two tandem C-terminal ubiquitin-like (Ubl) repeats, which are required for its antiviral activity. This family corresponds to the second Ubl domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 11321577 433 EIQVFVKNPDGGSYAYAINPNSFILGLKQQIEDQQGLPKKQQQLEFQGQVLQDWLGLGIYGIQDSDTLILSK 504
Cdd:cd16103   1 EIQIFVKFPDGTSKPYAINPEDTILDLKEKIEEQGGPPVEDQILLFQGQELRDKKSLKYYGIKDGDTLQLSL 72

Nucleotidyltransferase (NT) domain of 2'5'-oligoadenylate (2-5A)synthetase (2-5OAS) and class I CCA-adding enzyme; In vertebrates, 2-5OASs are induced by interferon during the innate immune response to protect against RNA virus infections. In the presence of an RNA activator, 2-5OASs catalyze the oligomerization of ATP into 2-5A. 2-5A activates endoribonuclease L, which leads to degradation of the viral RNA. 2-5OASs are also implicated in cell growth control, differentiation, and apoptosis. This family includes human OAS1, -2, -3, and OASL. CCA-adding enzymes add the sequence [cytidine(C)-cytidine-adenosine (A)], one nucleotide at a time, onto the 3' end of tRNA, in a template-independent reaction. This class I group includes the archaeal Sulfolobus shibatae and Archeoglobus fulgidus CCA-adding enzymes. It belongs to the Pol beta-like NT superfamily. In the majority of enzymes in this superfamily, two carboxylates, Dx[D/E], together with a third more distal carboxylate, coordinate two divalent metal cations involved in a two-metal ion mechanism of nucleotide addition. These carboxylate residues are conserved in this family.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 11321577  29 WKEEVLDAVRTVEEFLRqehfqgKRGLDQDVRVLKVVKVGSFGNGTVLRSTREVELVAFLSCFHSFQEaaKHHKDVLRLI 108
Cdd:cd05400   1 PLEEAKERYREIREALK------ESLSELAGRVAEVFLQGSYARGTALRGDSDIDLVVVLPDDTSFAE--YGPAELLDEL 72

                        90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 11321577 109 WKTMWQSQDLldlgledlrMEQRVPDALVFTIQTRGTaePITVTIVPAYRALGPSlpnsqpppevyvslikacggpgNFC 188
Cdd:cd05400  73 GEALKEYYGA---------NEEVKAQHRSVTVKFKGQ--GFHVDVVPAFEADSGS----------------------KYG 119

                       170       180
                ....*....|....*....|....
gi 11321577 189 PSFSELQRNFVKHRPTKLKSLLRL 212
Cdd:cd05400 120 SVPDRDGGSWVDRNPKHHAELLRR 143

ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain found in ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like Ubl proteins; Ubiquitin-like (Ubl) proteins have a similar ubiquitin (Ub) beta-grasp fold and attach to other proteins in a Ubl manner but with biochemically distinct roles. Ub and Ubl proteins conjugate and deconjugate via ligases and peptidases to covalently modify target polypeptides. Some Ubl domains have adaptor roles in Ub-signaling by mediating protein-protein interaction. Prokaryotic sulfur carrier proteins are Ub-related proteins that can be activated in an ATP-dependent manner. Polyubiquitination signals for a diverse set of cellular events via different isopeptide linkages formed between the C terminus of one ubiquitin (Ub) and the epsilon-amine of K6, K11, K27, K29, K33, K48, or K63 of a second Ub. One of these seven lysine residues (K27, Ub numbering) is conserved in this Ubl_ubiquitin_like family. K27-linked Ub chains are versatile and can be recognized by several downstream receptor proteins. K27 has roles beyond chain linkage, such as in Ubl NEDD8 (which contains many of the same lysines (K6, K11, K27, K33, K48) as Ub) where K27 has a role (other than conjugation) in the mechanism of protein neddylation.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 11321577 436 VFVKNPDGGSYAYAINPNSFILGLKQQIEDQQGLPKKQQQLEFQGQVLQDWLGLGIYGIQDSDTLIL 502
Cdd:cd17039   1 ITVKTLDGKTYTVEVDPDDTVADLKEKIEEKTGIPVEQQRLIYNGKELKDDKTLSDYGIKDGSTIHL 67

ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain 2 found in interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) and similar proteins; ISG15, also termed interferon-induced 15 kDa protein, or interferon-induced 17 kDa protein (IP17), or ubiquitin cross-reactive protein (UCRP), is an antiviral interferon-induced ubiquitin-like protein that upon viral infection it modifies cellular and viral proteins by mechanisms similar to ubiquitination. Although ISG15 has properties similar to those of other ubiquitin-like (Ubl) molecules, it is a unique member of the Ubl superfamily, whose expression and conjugation to target proteins are tightly regulated by specific signaling pathways, indicating it may have specialized functions in the immune system. ISG15 contains two tandem Ubl domains with a beta-grasp Ubl fold. This family corresponds to the second Ubl domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 11321577 434 IQVFVKNPDGGSYAYAINPNSFILGLKQQIEDQQGLPKKQQQLEFQGQVLQDWLGLGIYGIQDSDTLIL 502
Cdd:cd01810   1 LSIFVRNEKGQSHTYEVRLTQTVDQLKQKVSGREGVHDDQFWLTFEGRPLEDQLPLGEYGLKPQSTIHM 69

ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain found in ubiquitin; Ubiquitin is a protein modifier in eukaryotes that is involved in various cellular processes, including transcriptional regulation, cell cycle control, and DNA repair. Ubiquitination is comprised of a cascade of E1, E2 and E3 enzymes that results in a covalent bond between the C-terminus of ubiquitin and the epsilon-amino group of a substrate lysine. Ubiquitin-like (Ubl) proteins have similar ubiquitin beta-grasp fold and attach to other proteins in a Ubl manner but with biochemically distinct roles. Ubiquitin (Ub)and Ubl proteins conjugate and deconjugate via ligases and peptidases to covalently modify target polypeptides. Ub includes Ubq/RPL40e and Ubq/RPS27a fusions as well as homopolymeric multiubiquitin protein chains.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 11321577 434 IQVFVKNPDGGSYAYAINPNSFILGLKQQIEDQQGLPKKQQQLEFQGQVLQDWLGLGIYGIQDSDTLIL 502
Cdd:cd01803   1 MQIFVKTLTGKTITLEVEPSDTIENVKAKIQDKEGIPPDQQRLIFAGKQLEDGRTLSDYNIQKESTLHL 69

ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain 2 found in leukocyte antigen F (HLA-F) adjacent transcript 10 (FAT10) and similar proteins; FAT10, also termed ubiquitin D (UBD), or diubiquitin, is a cytokine-inducible ubiquitin-like (Ubl) modifer that is highly expressed in the thymus, and targets substrates covalently for 26S proteasomal degradation. It is also associated with cancer development, antigen processing and antimicrobial defense, chromosomal stability and cell cycle regulation. FAT10 is presented on immune cells and under the inflammatory conditions, is synergistically induced by interferon gamma (IFNgamma) and tumor necrosis factor (TNFalpha) in the non-immune (liver parenchymal) cells. FAT10 contains two Ubl domains. The family corresponds to the second Ubl domain of FAT10. Some family members contain only one Ubl domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 11321577 435 QVFVKNPDGGSYAYAINPNSFILGLKQQIEDQQGLPKKQQQLEFQGQVLQDWLG-LGIYGIQDSDTLIL 502
Cdd:cd17053   2 TVNSKLLTGTVHTLQVSRSTTVAQVKAMIEDQSGVPPNEQILVYNGKRLEDGDKtLGEYGIKTGDTLYL 70

Ubiquitin-2 like Rad60 SUMO-like; The small ubiquitin-related modifier SUMO-1 is a Ub/Ubl family member, and although SUMO-1 shares structural similarity to Ub, SUMO's cellular functions remain distinct insomuch as SUMO modification alters protein function through changes in activity, cellular localization, or by protecting substrates from ubiquitination. Rad60 family members contain functionally enigmatic, integral SUMO-like domains (SLDs). Despite their divergence from SUMO, each Rad60 SLD interacts with a subset of SUMO pathway enzymes: SLD2 specifically binds the SUMO E2 conjugating enzyme (Ubc9)), whereas SLD1 binds the SUMO E1 (Fub2, also called Uba2) activating and E3 (Pli1, also called Siz1 and Siz2) specificity enzymes. Structural analysis of PDB:2uyz reveals a mechanistic basis for the near-synonymous roles of Rad60 and SUMO in survival of genotoxic stress and suggest unprecedented DNA-damage-response functions for SLDs in regulating SUMOylation. The Rad60 branch of this family is also known as RENi (Rad60-Esc2-Nip45), and biologically it should be two distinct families SUMO and RENi (Rad60-Esc2-Nip45).

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 11321577   434 IQVFVKNPDGGSYAYAINPNSFILGLKQQIEDQQGLPKKQQQ-LEFQGQVLQDWLGLGIYGIQDSDTL 500
Cdd:pfam11976   1 IKIILKGKDGKEVFIKVKPTTTVSKLINAYRKKRGIPPSQQVrLIFDGERLDPNSTVEDLDIEDGDTI 68

ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain 1 found in interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) and similar proteins; ISG15, also termed interferon-induced 15 kDa protein, or interferon-induced 17 kDa protein (IP17), or ubiquitin cross-reactive protein (UCRP), is an antiviral interferon-induced ubiquitin-like protein (Ubl) that upon viral infection, modifies cellular and viral proteins by mechanisms similar to ubiquitination. Although ISG15 has properties similar to those of other Ubl molecules, it is a unique member of the Ubl superfamily, whose expression and conjugation to target proteins are tightly regulated by specific signaling pathways, indicating it may have specialized functions in the immune system. ISG15 contains two tandem Ubl domains with a beta-grasp Ubl fold. This family corresponds to the first Ubl domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 11321577 435 QVFVKNPDGGSYAYAINPNSFILGLKQQIEDQQGLPKKQQQLEFQGQ--VLQDWLGLGIYGIQDSDTLILSKKK 506
Cdd:cd01792   2 DLTVKMLTGNEFQVSVSPSMTVSELKAQITQKIGVPAFQQRLAVQPSgvELQDGVRLASQGLGPSSTVLLVVKK 75

ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain found in ubiquitin-like protein FUBI and similar proteins; FUBI is a pro-apoptotic regulatory gene FAU encoding ubiquitin-like protein with ribosomal protein S30 as a C-terminal extension. FUBI functions as a tumor suppressor protein that may be involved in the ATP-dependent proteolytic activity of ubiquitin. The N-terminal ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain of FUBI has the beta-grasp Ubl fold, and it may act as a substitute or an inhibitor of ubiquitin or one of ubiquitin's close relatives UCRP, FAT10, and Nedd8.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 11321577 435 QVFVKNpdGGSYAYAINPNSFILGLKQQIEDQQGLPKKQQQLEFQGQVLQDWLGLGIYGIQDSDTLILS 503
Cdd:cd01793   2 QLFVRA--QSLHTLEVSGNETVADIKAHIAALEGIAVEDQVLLYAGAPLEDDVVLGQCGIPDLATLEVA 68

ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain found in BCL2-associated athanogene 6 (BAG6) and similar proteins; BAG6, also termed large proline-rich protein BAG6, or BAG family molecular chaperone regulator 6, or HLA-B-associated transcript 3 (Bat3), or protein Scythe, or protein G3, is a nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling chaperone protein that is highly conserved in eukaryotes. It functions in two distinct biological pathways, ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation of defective polypeptides and tail-anchored transmembrane protein biogenesis in mammals. BAG6 is a component of the heterotrimeric BAG6 sortase complex composed of BAG6, transmembrane recognition complex 35 (TRC35) and ubiquitin-like protein 4A (UBL4A). The BAG6 complex together with the cochaperone small, glutamine-rich, tetratricopeptide repeat-containing, protein alpha (SGTA) plays a role in the biogenesis of tail-anchored membrane proteins and subsequently shown to regulate the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of mislocalized proteins. Moreover, BAG6 acts as an apoptotic regulator that binds reaper, a potent apoptotic inducer. BAG6/reaper is thought to signal apoptosis, in part through regulating the folding and activity of apoptotic signaling molecules. It is also likely a key regulator of the molecular chaperone Heat Shock Protein A2 (HSPA2) stability/function in human germ cells. Furthermore, aspartyl protease-mediated cleavage of BAG6 is necessary for autophagy and fungal resistance in plants. BAG6 contains a ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain with a beta-grasp Ubl fold, which provides a platform for discriminating substrates with shorter hydrophobicity stretches as a signal for defective proteins.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 11321577 434 IQVFVKNPDGGSYAYAINPNSFILGLKQQIEDQQGLPKKQQQLEFQGQVLQDWLGLGIYGIQ 495
Cdd:cd01809   1 LEVTVKTLDSQNRTFTVPEEITVKEFKEHIASSVNIPAEKQRLIFQGRVLQDDKKLKEYDVD 62

ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain found in heme-oxidized IRP2 ubiquitin ligase 1 (HOIL-1) and similar proteins; HOIL-1, also termed RBCK1, or HOIL-1L, or RanBP-type and C3HC4-type zinc finger-containing protein 1, HBV-associated factor 4, or Hepatitis B virus X-associated protein 4, or RING finger protein 54 (RNF54), or ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 7-interacting protein 3, or UbcM4-interacting protein 28 (UIP28), together with E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF31 (also known as HOIP) and SHANK-associated RH domain interacting protein (SHARPIN), forms the E3-ligase complex (also known as linear-ubiquitin-chain assembly complex LUBAC) that regulates NF-kappaB activity and apoptosis through conjugation of linear polyubiquitin chains to NF-kappaB essential modulator (also known as NEMO or IKBKG). HOIL-1 plays a crucial role in TNF-alpha-mediated NF-kappaB activation. It also functions as an ubiquitin-protein ligase E3 that interacts with not only PKCbeta but also PKCzeta. It can recognize heme-oxidized IRP2 (iron regulatory protein2) and is thought to affect the turnover of oxidatively damaged proteins. HOIL-1 contains an N-terminal ubiqutin-like (UBL) domain and an Npl4 zinc-finger (NZF) domain, which regulate the interaction with the LUBAC subunit RNF31 and ubiquitin, respectively. The NZF domain belongs to RanBP2-type zinc finger (zf-RanBP2) domain superfamily. In addition, HOIL-1 has a RBR domain that was previously known as RING-BetweenRING-RING domain or TRIAD [two RING fingers and a DRIL (double RING finger linked)] domain. Based on current understanding of the structural biology of RBR ligases, the nomenclature of RBR has been corrected as RING-BRcat (benign-catalytic)-Rcat (required-for-catalysis) recently. The RBR (RING1-BRcat-Rcat) domain use an auto-inhibitory mechanism to modulate ubiquitination activity, as well as a hybrid mechanism that combines aspects from both RING and HECT E3 ligase function to facilitate the ubiquitination reaction.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 11321577 434 IQVFV--KNPDGGSYAYAINPNSFILGLKQQIEDQQGLPKKQQQLEFQGQVLQDWLGLGIYGIQDSDT 499
Cdd:cd01799   5 IKVYVedKSSSSGPITLKVRPHTTIASLKRQIFLEYGFPPSVQRWIIGKRLATDDETLLSYGIKDSGD 72

ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain found in the eukaryotic Ddi1 family; The eukaryotic Ddi1 family, including yeast aspartyl protease DNA-damage inducible 1 (Ddi1) and Ddi1-like proteins from vertebrates and other eukaryotes, has been characterized by containing an N-terminal ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain and a conserved retroviral aspartyl-protease-like domain (RVP) that is important in cell-cycle control. Yeast Ddi1 and many family members also contain a C-terminal ubiquitin-association (UBA) domain, however, Ddi1-like proteins from all vertebrates lack the UBA domain. Ddi1, also termed v-SNARE-master 1 (Vsm1), is an ubiquitin receptor involved in the cell cycle and late secretory pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It functions as an UBA-Ubl shuttle protein that is required for the proteasome to enable ubiquitin-dependent degradation of its ligands. For instance, Ddi1 plays an essential role in the final stages of proteasomal degradation of Ho endonuclease and of its cognate FBP, Ufo1. Moreover, Ddi1 and its associated protein Rad23p play a cooperative role as negative regulators in yeast PHO pathway. This family also includes mammalian regulatory solute carrier protein family 1 member 1 (RSC1A1), also termed transporter regulator RS1 (RS1), which mediates transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of Na(+)-D-glucose cotransporter SGLT1. Ddi1-like proteins play a significant role in cell cycle control, growth control, and trafficking in yeast and may play a crucial role in embryogenesis in higher eukaryotes.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 11321577 435 QVFVKNPDGGS-YAYAINPNSFILGLKQQIEDQQGLPKKQQQLEFQGQVLQDW-LGLGIYGIQDSDTLIL 502
Cdd:cd01796   2 KLTVTTEDDDRlFSLEVSPDMTLEDLKALCEAETGIPAAEQVLLHNGQPLTDDkKTLEALGLKDGDLLLL 71

ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain found in ubiquitin-like proteins UBL4A and similar proteins; UBL4A, also termed GdX, is a ubiquitously expressed ubiquitin-like (Ubl) protein that forms a complex with partner proteins and participates in the protein processing through endoplasmic reticulum (ER), acting as a chaperone. As a key component of the BCL2-associated athanogene 6 (BAG6) chaperone complex, UBL4A plays a role in mediating DNA damage signaling and cell death. UBL4A also regulates insulin-induced Akt plasma membrane translocation through promotion of Arp2/3-dependent actin branching. Moreover, UBL4A specifically stabilizes the TC45/STAT3 association and promotes dephosphorylation of STAT3 to repress tumorigenesis. UBL4B is testis-specific, and encoded by an X-derived retrogene Ubl4b, which is specifically expressed in post-meiotic germ cells in mammals. As a germ cell-specific cytoplasmic protein, UBL4B is not present in somatic cells. Moreover, UBL4B is present in elongated spermatids, but not in spermatocytes and round spermatids, suggesting its function is restricted to late spermiogenesis. The function of UBL4A may be compensated by either UBL4B or other Ubl proteins in normal conditions. Both UBL4A and UBL4B contain a conserved Ubl domain with a beta-grasp Ubl fold, a common structure involved in protein-protein interactions.

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gi 11321577 450 INPNSFILGLKQQIEDQQGLPKKQQQLEFQGQVLQDWLGLGIYGIQDSDTLIL 502
Cdd:cd01807  17 VSPTESVLTVKQLVAEQLNVPVSQQRLVFKGKTLADEHSLSDYSIGPGSKIHL 69