Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor (TNFR)-Associated Factor (TRAF) family, TRAF6 subfamily, TRAF domain, C-terminal MATH subdomain; composed of proteins with similarity to human TRAF6, including the Drosophila protein DTRAF2. TRAF molecules serve as adapter proteins that link TNFRs and downstream kinase cascades resulting in the activation of transcription factors and the regulation of cell survival, proliferation and stress responses. TRAF6 is the most divergent in its TRAF domain among the mammalian TRAFs. In addition to mediating TNFR family signaling, it is also an essential signaling molecule of the interleukin-1/Toll-like receptor superfamily. Whereas other TRAF molecules display similar and overlapping TNFR-binding specificities, TRAF6 binds completely different sites on receptors such as CD40 and RANK. TRAF6 serves as a molecular bridge between innate and adaptive immunity and plays a central role in osteoimmunology. DTRAF2, as an activator of nuclear factor-kappaB, plays a pivotal role in Drosophila development and innate immunity. TRAF6 contains a RING finger domain, five zinc finger domains, and a TRAF domain. The TRAF domain can be divided into a more divergent N-terminal alpha helical region (TRAF-N), and a highly conserved C-terminal MATH subdomain (TRAF-C) with an eight-stranded beta-sandwich structure. TRAF-N mediates trimerization while TRAF-C interacts with receptors.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 22027630 351 GIYIWKIGNFGMHLKCQEEEKPVVIHSPGFYTGKPGYKLCMRLHLQLPTAqRCANYISLFVHTMQGEYDSHLPWPFQGTI 430
Cdd:cd03776   1 GIYVWKIKNFSNLRRSMEAGSPVVIHSPGFYTSPPGYKLCARLNLSLPEA-RCPNYISLFVHLMQGENDSHLDWPFQGTI 79

                        90       100       110       120       130       140       150
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 22027630 431 RLTILDQSEApvRQNHEEIMDAKPELLAFQRPTIPRNPKGFGYVTFMHLEALRQRTFIKDDTLLVRCEVS 500
Cdd:cd03776  80 TLTLLDQSEP--RQNIHETMMSKPELLAFQRPTTDRNPKGFGYVEFAHIEDLLQRGFVKNDTLLIKIEVN 147

TRAF-type zinc finger;

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 22027630   204 HDQNCPLANVICEY--CNTILIREQMPNHYDLDCPTAPIPCTFSTFGCHEKMQRNHLARH 261
Cdd:pfam02176   1 HLETCPFFPIPCPNgcCKKKILREDLPDHLELDCPKAEVPCPFKVFGCKEDVKREALQRH 60

septation ring formation regulator EzrA; Provisional

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 22027630  287 GYISEVRNFQETIHQLEgrlvrqdHQIRELTAKMETQSMYVSELKRTIRTLEDKVAEIEAQQ 348
Cdd:PRK04778 345 SELESVRQLEKQLESLE-------KQYDEITERIAEQEIAYSELQEELEEILKQLEEIEKEQ 399

Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor (TNFR)-Associated Factor (TRAF) family, TRAF6 subfamily, TRAF domain, C-terminal MATH subdomain; composed of proteins with similarity to human TRAF6, including the Drosophila protein DTRAF2. TRAF molecules serve as adapter proteins that link TNFRs and downstream kinase cascades resulting in the activation of transcription factors and the regulation of cell survival, proliferation and stress responses. TRAF6 is the most divergent in its TRAF domain among the mammalian TRAFs. In addition to mediating TNFR family signaling, it is also an essential signaling molecule of the interleukin-1/Toll-like receptor superfamily. Whereas other TRAF molecules display similar and overlapping TNFR-binding specificities, TRAF6 binds completely different sites on receptors such as CD40 and RANK. TRAF6 serves as a molecular bridge between innate and adaptive immunity and plays a central role in osteoimmunology. DTRAF2, as an activator of nuclear factor-kappaB, plays a pivotal role in Drosophila development and innate immunity. TRAF6 contains a RING finger domain, five zinc finger domains, and a TRAF domain. The TRAF domain can be divided into a more divergent N-terminal alpha helical region (TRAF-N), and a highly conserved C-terminal MATH subdomain (TRAF-C) with an eight-stranded beta-sandwich structure. TRAF-N mediates trimerization while TRAF-C interacts with receptors.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 22027630 351 GIYIWKIGNFGMHLKCQEEEKPVVIHSPGFYTGKPGYKLCMRLHLQLPTAqRCANYISLFVHTMQGEYDSHLPWPFQGTI 430
Cdd:cd03776   1 GIYVWKIKNFSNLRRSMEAGSPVVIHSPGFYTSPPGYKLCARLNLSLPEA-RCPNYISLFVHLMQGENDSHLDWPFQGTI 79

                        90       100       110       120       130       140       150
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 22027630 431 RLTILDQSEApvRQNHEEIMDAKPELLAFQRPTIPRNPKGFGYVTFMHLEALRQRTFIKDDTLLVRCEVS 500
Cdd:cd03776  80 TLTLLDQSEP--RQNIHETMMSKPELLAFQRPTTDRNPKGFGYVEFAHIEDLLQRGFVKNDTLLIKIEVN 147

TRAF-type zinc finger;

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 22027630   204 HDQNCPLANVICEY--CNTILIREQMPNHYDLDCPTAPIPCTFSTFGCHEKMQRNHLARH 261
Cdd:pfam02176   1 HLETCPFFPIPCPNgcCKKKILREDLPDHLELDCPKAEVPCPFKVFGCKEDVKREALQRH 60

meprin and TRAF homology;

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 22027630    355 WKIGNFGMHLKCQEEEKpvvIHSPGFYTgkpgYKLCMRLHLQlptaqRCANYISLFVHTMQGEYDShLPWPFQGTIRLTI 434
Cdd:smart00061   1 VLSHTFKNVSRLEEGES---YFSPSEEH----FNIPWRLKIY-----RKNGFLSLYLHCEKEECDS-RKWSIEAEFTLKL 67

                           90       100       110       120
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 22027630    435 LDQSEAPVRQNHEEImdakpellaFQRPTiprnpkGFGYVTFM 477
Cdd:smart00061  68 VSQNGKSLSKKDKHV---------FEKPS------GWGFSKFI 95

Uncharacterized conserved protein, contains RING Zn-finger [General function prediction only];

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 22027630  70 CPICLMALREAVQTP-CGHRFCKACIIKSIRDAGHKCPV--DNEILLENqLFPDNFAKREI 127
Cdd:COG5222 277 CPLCHCLLRNPMKTPcCGHTFCDECIGTALLDSDFKCPNcsRKDVLLDG-LTPDIDKKLEV 336

DNA repair protein rad18; All proteins in this family for which functions are known are involved in nucleotide excision repair.This family is based on the phylogenomic analysis of JA Eisen (1999, Ph.D. Thesis, Stanford University). [DNA metabolism, DNA replication, recombination, and repair]

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 22027630    63 PLESKYECPICLMALREAVQTPCGHRFCKACIIKSIRDAGhKCPV----DNEILLENqlfpdNFAKREIL 128
Cdd:TIGR00599  22 PLDTSLRCHICKDFFDVPVLTSCSHTFCSLCIRRCLSNQP-KCPLcraeDQESKLRS-----NWLVSEIV 85

Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor (TNFR)-Associated Factor (TRAF) family, TRAF6 subfamily, TRAF domain, C-terminal MATH subdomain; composed of proteins with similarity to human TRAF6, including the Drosophila protein DTRAF2. TRAF molecules serve as adapter proteins that link TNFRs and downstream kinase cascades resulting in the activation of transcription factors and the regulation of cell survival, proliferation and stress responses. TRAF6 is the most divergent in its TRAF domain among the mammalian TRAFs. In addition to mediating TNFR family signaling, it is also an essential signaling molecule of the interleukin-1/Toll-like receptor superfamily. Whereas other TRAF molecules display similar and overlapping TNFR-binding specificities, TRAF6 binds completely different sites on receptors such as CD40 and RANK. TRAF6 serves as a molecular bridge between innate and adaptive immunity and plays a central role in osteoimmunology. DTRAF2, as an activator of nuclear factor-kappaB, plays a pivotal role in Drosophila development and innate immunity. TRAF6 contains a RING finger domain, five zinc finger domains, and a TRAF domain. The TRAF domain can be divided into a more divergent N-terminal alpha helical region (TRAF-N), and a highly conserved C-terminal MATH subdomain (TRAF-C) with an eight-stranded beta-sandwich structure. TRAF-N mediates trimerization while TRAF-C interacts with receptors.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 22027630 351 GIYIWKIGNFGMHLKCQEEEKPVVIHSPGFYTGKPGYKLCMRLHLQLPTAqRCANYISLFVHTMQGEYDSHLPWPFQGTI 430
Cdd:cd03776   1 GIYVWKIKNFSNLRRSMEAGSPVVIHSPGFYTSPPGYKLCARLNLSLPEA-RCPNYISLFVHLMQGENDSHLDWPFQGTI 79

                        90       100       110       120       130       140       150
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 22027630 431 RLTILDQSEApvRQNHEEIMDAKPELLAFQRPTIPRNPKGFGYVTFMHLEALRQRTFIKDDTLLVRCEVS 500
Cdd:cd03776  80 TLTLLDQSEP--RQNIHETMMSKPELLAFQRPTTDRNPKGFGYVEFAHIEDLLQRGFVKNDTLLIKIEVN 147

Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C3HC3D-type), found in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and similar proteins; TRAF6, also known as interleukin-1 signal transducer or RING finger protein 85 (RNF85), is a cytoplasmic adapter protein that mediates signals induced by the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily and Toll-like receptor (TLR)/interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) family. It functions as a mediator involved in the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and interferon regulatory factor pathways, as well as in IL-1R-mediated activation of NF-kappaB. TRAF6 is also an oncogene that plays a vital role in K-RAS-mediated oncogenesis. TRAF6 contains an N-terminal domain with a modified C3HC3D-type RING-HC finger and several zinc fingers, and a C-terminal TRAF domain that comprises a coiled coil domain and a conserved TRAF-C domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 22027630  67 KYECPICLMALREAVQTPCGHRFCKACIIKSIRDAGHKCPVDNEILLENQLFPDNFAK 124
Cdd:cd16643   1 KYECPICLMALREPVQTPCGHRFCKACILKSIREAGHKCPVDNEPLLENQLFPDNFAK 58

Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor (TNFR) Associated Factor (TRAF) family, TRAF1 subfamily, TRAF domain, C-terminal MATH subdomain; TRAF molecules serve as adapter proteins that link TNFRs and downstream kinase cascades resulting in the activation of transcription factors and the regulation of cell survival, proliferation and stress responses. TRAF1 expression is the most restricted among the TRAFs. It is found exclusively in activated lymphocytes, dendritic cells and certain epithelia. TRAF1 associates, directly or indirectly through heterodimerization with TRAF2, with the TNFR family receptors TNFR-2, CD30, RANK, CD40 and LMP1, among others. It also binds the intracellular proteins TRADD, TANK, TRIP, RIP1, RIP2 and FLIP. TRAF1 is unique among the TRAFs in that it lacks a RING domain, which is critical for the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB and Jun NH2-terminal kinase. Studies on TRAF1-deficient mice suggest that TRAF1 has a negative regulatory role in TNFR-mediated signaling events. TRAF1 contains one zinc finger and one TRAF domain. The TRAF domain can be divided into a more divergent N-terminal alpha helical region (TRAF-N), and a highly conserved C-terminal MATH subdomain (TRAF-C) with an eight-stranded beta-sandwich structure. TRAF-N mediates trimerization while TRAF-C interacts with receptors.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 22027630 351 GIYIWKIGNFGMHLKCQEEEKPVVIHSPGFYTGKPGYKLCMRLHLQLPTAQRcANYISLFVHTMQGEYDSHLPWPFQGTI 430
Cdd:cd03779   1 GTFLWKITDVSQKQRESSHGRDVSLCSPAFYTAKYGYKVCLRLYLNGDGAGK-GTHISLFFVIMKGEYDALLPWPFRHKV 79

                        90       100       110       120       130       140       150
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 22027630 431 RLTILDQSeapvrqNHEEIMDA-KPEL--LAFQRPTIPRNPKGfGYVTFMHLEALR--QRTFIKDDTLLVRCEVS 500
Cdd:cd03779  80 TFMLLDQN------NREHVIDAfRPDLssASFQRPVSDMNVAS-GCPLFFPLKKLQspKHAYCKDDTIYIKCVVD 147

Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor (TNFR) Associated Factor (TRAF) family, TRAF2 subfamily, TRAF domain; TRAF molecules serve as adapter proteins that link TNFRs and downstream kinase cascades resulting in the activation of transcription factors and the regulation of cell survival, proliferation and stress responses. TRAF2 associates with the receptors TNFR-1, TNFR-2, RANK (which mediates differentiation and maturation of osteoclasts) and CD40 (which is important for the proliferation and activation of B cells), among others. It regulates distinct pathways that lead to the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB and Jun NH2-terminal kinases. TRAF2 also indirectly associates with death receptors through its interaction with TRADD (TNFR-associated death domain protein). It is involved in regulating oxidative stress or ROS-induced cell death and in the preconditioning of cells by sublethal stress for protection from subsequent injury. TRAF2 contains a RING finger domain, five zinc finger domains, and a TRAF domain. The TRAF domain can be divided into a more divergent N-terminal alpha helical region (TRAF-N), and a highly conserved C-terminal MATH subdomain (TRAF-C) with an eight-stranded beta-sandwich structure. TRAF-N mediates trimerization while TRAF-C interacts with receptors.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 22027630 337 LEDKVAEIEAQQCNGIYIWKIGNFGMHLKCQEEEKPVVIHSPGFYTGKPGYKLCMRLHLQLPTAQRcANYISLFVHTMQG 416
Cdd:cd03778   5 LEQKVLE*EASTYDGVFIWKISDFARKRQEAVAGRIPAIFSPAFYTSRYGYKMCLRIYLNGDGTGR-GTHLSLFFVVMKG 83

                        90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 22027630 417 EYDSHLPWPFQGTIRLTILDQSeapvrqNHEEIMDA-KPEL--LAFQRPTIPRNPKGfGYVTFMHLEALRQR-TFIKDDT 492
Cdd:cd03778  84 PNDALLRWPFNQKVTLMLLDQN------NREHVIDAfRPDVtsSSFQRPVNDMNIAS-GCPLFCPVSK*EAKnSYVRDDA 156

                ....*..
gi 22027630 493 LLVRCEV 499
Cdd:cd03778 157 IFIKAIV 163

TRAF-type zinc finger;

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 22027630   204 HDQNCPLANVICEY--CNTILIREQMPNHYDLDCPTAPIPCTFSTFGCHEKMQRNHLARH 261
Cdd:pfam02176   1 HLETCPFFPIPCPNgcCKKKILREDLPDHLELDCPKAEVPCPFKVFGCKEDVKREALQRH 60

TNF receptor-associated factor 6 zinc finger 2; This domain is the second of three zinc fingers of Homo sapiens TNF receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6). TRAF6 mediates Lys63 (K63)-linked polyubiquitination for Necrosis Factor-kappaB activation. The first three residues and the last Cys of finger 1 form a classical type I beta-turn.

                          10        20
                  ....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 22027630   157 FALMDCPQCQRPFQKFHINIHILKDCP 183
Cdd:pfam18048   1 FALVECPQCQRPFQKCQLNIHILEECP 27

HC subclass of RING (RING-HC) finger and its variants; The RING finger is a specialized type of Zn-finger of 40 to 60 residues that binds two atoms of zinc. It is defined by the "cross-brace" motif that chelates zinc atoms by eight amino acid residues, typically Cys or His, arranged in a characteristic spacing. Canonical RING motifs have been categorized into two major subclasses, RING-HC (C3HC4-type) and RING-H2 (C3H2C3-type), according to their Cys/His content. There are also many variants of RING fingers. Some have a different Cys/His pattern. Some lack a single Cys or His residue at typical Zn ligand positions, especially, the fourth or eighth zinc ligand is prevalently exchanged for an Asp, which can chelate Zn in a RING finger as well. This family corresponds to the HC subclass of RING (RING-HC) fingers that are characterized by containing C3HC4-type canonical RING-HC fingers or noncanonical RING-HC finger variants, including C4C4-, C3HC3D-, C2H2C4-, and C3HC5-type modified RING-HC fingers. The canonical RING-HC finger has been defined as C-X2-C-X(9-39)-C-X(1-3)-H-X(2-3)-C-X2-C-X(4-48)-C-X2-C. It binds two Zn ions in a unique "cross-brace" arrangement, which distinguishes it from tandem zinc fingers and other similar motifs. RING-HC fingers can be found in a group of diverse proteins with a variety of cellular functions, including oncogenesis, development, viral replication, signal transduction, the cell cycle, and apoptosis. Many of them are ubiquitin-protein ligases (E3s) that serve as scaffolds for binding to ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s, also referred to as ubiquitin carrier proteins or UBCs) in close proximity to substrate proteins, which enables efficient transfer of ubiquitin from E2 to the substrates.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 22027630  68 YECPICLMALREAVQTPCGHRFCKACIIKSIRDAGHKCPVD 108
Cdd:cd16449   1 LECPICLERLKDPVLLPCGHVFCRECIRRLLESGSIKCPIC 41

RING finger, HC subclass, found in helicase-like transcription factor (HLTF) and similar proteins; HLTF, also known as DNA-binding protein/plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 regulator, HIP116, RING finger protein 80, SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily A member 3, or sucrose nonfermenting protein 2-like 3, is a yeast RAD5 homolog found in mammals. It has both E3 ubiquitin ligase and DNA helicase activities, and plays a pivotal role in the template-switching pathway of DNA damage tolerance. It is involved in Lys-63-linked poly-ubiquitination of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) at Lys-164 and in the regulation of DNA damage tolerance. It shows double-stranded DNA translocase activity with 3'-5' polarity, thereby facilitating regression of the replication fork. HLTF contains an N-terminal HIRAN (HIP116 and RAD5 N-terminal) domain, a SWI/SNF helicase domain that is divided into N- and C-terminal parts by an insertion of a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger involved in the poly-ubiquitination of PCNA.

                        10        20        30
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 22027630  69 ECPICLMALREAVQTPCGHRFCKACIIKSIRDAGHKCPV 107
Cdd:cd16509   5 ECAICLDSLTNPVITPCAHVFCRRCICEVIQREKAKCPM 43

meprin and TRAF homology;

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 22027630    355 WKIGNFGMHLKCQEEEKpvvIHSPGFYTgkpgYKLCMRLHLQlptaqRCANYISLFVHTMQGEYDShLPWPFQGTIRLTI 434
Cdd:smart00061   1 VLSHTFKNVSRLEEGES---YFSPSEEH----FNIPWRLKIY-----RKNGFLSLYLHCEKEECDS-RKWSIEAEFTLKL 67

                           90       100       110       120
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 22027630    435 LDQSEAPVRQNHEEImdakpellaFQRPTiprnpkGFGYVTFM 477
Cdd:smart00061  68 VSQNGKSLSKKDKHV---------FEKPS------GWGFSKFI 95

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 138 (RNF138) and similar proteins; RNF138, also known as Nemo-like kinase-associated RING finger protein (NARF) or NLK-associated RING finger protein, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays an important role in glioma cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle. It specifically cooperates with the E2 conjugating enzyme E2-25K (Hip-2/UbcH1), regulates the ubiquitylation and degradation of T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF), and further suppresses Wnt-beta-catenin signaling. RNF138, together with three closely related proteins: RNF114, RNF125 and RNF166, forms a novel family of ubiquitin ligases with a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, a C2HC-, and two C2H2-type zinc fingers, as well as a ubiquitin interacting motif (UIM).

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 22027630  68 YECPICLMALREAVQT-PCGHRFCKACIIKSIRDAGHKCPV 107
Cdd:cd16544   3 LTCPVCQEVLKDPVELpPCRHIFCKACILLALRSSGARCPL 43

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 40 (TRIM40) and similar proteins; TRIM40, also known as probable E3 NEDD8-protein ligase or RING finger protein 35 (RNF35), is highly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract including the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. It enhances neddylation of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappaB kinase subunit gamma (IKKgamma), inhibits the activity of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)-mediated transcription, and thus prevents inflammation-associated carcinogenesis in the gastrointestinal tract. TRIM40 belongs to the C-V subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by an N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domain, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as an uncharacterized region positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 22027630  70 CPICLMALREAVQTPCGHRFCKACIIKSIRDAGHK----CPV 107
Cdd:cd16583   8 CPICQEPLKEAVSTDCGHLFCRMCLTQHAKKASASgvfsCPV 49

Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C3HC3D-type), found in ligand of Numb protein LNX1, LNX2, and similar proteins; The ligand of Numb protein X (LNX) family, also known as PDZ and RING (PDZRN) family, includes LNX1-5, which can interact with Numb, a key regulator of neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation. LNX5 (also known as PDZK4 or PDZRN4L) shows high sequence homology to LNX3 and LNX4, but it lacks the RING domain. LNX1-4 proteins function as E3 ubiquitin ligases and have a unique domain architecture consisting of an N-terminal RING-HC finger for E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and either two or four PDZ domains necessary for substrate-binding. LNX1/LNX2-like proteins contain a modified C3HC3D-type RING-HC finger and four PDZ domains. This model corresponds to the RING finger.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 22027630  68 YECPICLMALREAVQTPCGHRFCKACIIKSIRDAGHkCPVDN 109
Cdd:cd16637   2 LTCHICLQPLVEPLDTPCGHTFCYKCLTNYLKIQQC-CPLDR 42

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing proteins TRIM5, TRIM6, TRIM22, TRIM34 and similar proteins; TRIM5, TRIM6, TRIM22, and TRIM34, four closely related tripartite motif-containing proteins, belong to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. TRIM5, also known as RING finger protein 88 (RNF88), is a capsid-specific restriction factor that prevents infection from non-host-adapted retroviruses in a species-specific manner by binding to and destabilizing the retroviral capsid lattice before reverse transcription is completed. Its retroviral restriction activity correlates with the ability to activate TAK1-dependent innate immune signaling. TRIM5 also acts as a pattern recognition receptor that activates innate immune signaling in response to the retroviral capsid lattice. Moreover, TRIM5 plays a role in regulating autophagy through activation of autophagy regulator BECN1 by causing its dissociation from its inhibitors BCL2 and TAB2. It also plays a role in autophagy by acting as a selective autophagy receptor which recognizes and targets HIV-1 capsid protein p24 for autophagic destruction. TRIM6, also known as RING finger protein 89 (RNF89), is an E3-ubiquitin ligase that cooperates with the E2-ubiquitin conjugase UbE2K to catalyze the synthesis of unanchored K48-linked polyubiquitin chains, and further stimulates the interferon-I kappa B kinase epsilon (IKKepsilon) kinase-mediated antiviral response. It also regulates the transcriptional activity of Myc during the maintenance of embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency, and may act as a novel regulator for Myc-mediated transcription in ES cells. TRIM22, also known as 50 kDa-stimulated trans-acting factor (Staf-50) or RING finger protein 94 (RNF94), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays an integral role in the host innate immune response to viruses. It has been shown to inhibit the replication of a number of viruses, including HIV-1, hepatitis B, and influenza A. TRIM22 acts as a suppressor of basal HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR)-driven transcription by preventing the transcription factor specificity protein 1 (Sp1) binding to the HIV-1 promoter. It also controls FoxO4 activity and cell survival by directing Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-stimulated cells toward type I interferon (IFN) type I gene induction or apoptosis. Moreover, TRIM22 can activate the noncanonical nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway by activating I kappa B kinase alpha (IKKalpha). It also regulates nucleotide binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2)-dependent activation of interferon-beta signaling and nuclear factor-kappaB. TRIM34, also known as interferon-responsive finger protein 1 or RING finger protein 21 (RNF21), may function as antiviral protein that contribute to the defense against retroviral infections.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 22027630  70 CPICLMALREAVQTPCGHRFCKACIIKSIRDAGHK-----CPV 107
Cdd:cd16591   9 CPICLELLTEPLSLDCGHSFCQACITANHKESVNQegessCPV 51

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein TRIM21 and similar proteins; TRIM21, also known as 52 kDa Ro protein, 52 kDa ribonucleoprotein autoantigen Ro/SS-A, Ro(SS-A), RING finger protein 81 (RNF81), or Sjoegren syndrome type A antigen (SS-A), is a ubiquitously expressed E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase and a high affinity antibody receptor uniquely expressed in the cytosol of mammalian cells. As a cytosolic Fc receptor, TRIM21 binds the Fc of virus-associated antibodies and targets the complex in the cytosol for proteasomal degradation in a process known as antibody-dependent intracellular neutralization (ADIN), and provides an intracellular immune response to protect host defense against pathogen infection. It shows remarkably broad isotype specificity as it does not only bind IgG, but also IgM and IgA. Moreover, TRIM21 promotes the cytosolic DNA sensor cGAS and the cytosolic RNA sensor RIG-I sensing of viral genomes during infection by antibody-opsonized virus. It stimulates inflammatory signaling and activates innate transcription factors, such as nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). TRIM21 also plays an essential role in p62-regulated redox homeostasis, suggesting it may be a viable target for treating pathological conditions resulting from oxidative damage. Furthermore, TRIM21 may have implications for various autoimmune diseases associated with uncontrolled antiviral signaling through the regulation of Nmi-IFI35 complex-mediated inhibition of innate antiviral response. TRIM21 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 22027630  63 PLESKYE---CPICLMALREAVQTPCGHRFCKACIIKSIRDAGHKCPVDNEILLENQLFPD 120
Cdd:cd16596   2 RLTMMWEevtCPICLDPFVEPVSIECGHSFCQECISQVGKGGGSVCPVCRQRFLLKNLRPN 62

RING finger, HC subclass, found in constitutive photomorphogenesis protein 1 (COP1) and similar proteins; COP1, also known as RING finger and WD repeat domain protein 2 (RFWD2) or RING finger protein 200 (RNF200), is a central regulator of photomorphogenic development in plants, which targets key transcription factors for proteasome-dependent degradation. It is localized predominantly in the nucleus, but may also be present in the cytosol. Mammalian COP1 functions as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that interacts with Jun transcription factors and modulates their transcriptional activity. It also interacts with and negatively regulates the tumor-suppressor protein p53. Moreover, COP1 associates with COP9 signalosome subunit 6 (CSN6), and is involved in 14-3-3sigma ubiquitin-mediated degradation. The CSN6-COP1 link enhances ubiquitin-mediated degradation of p27(Kip1), a critical CDK inhibitor involved in cell cycle regulation, to promote cancer cell growth. Furthermore, COP1 functions as the negative regulator of ETV1 and influences prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer. COP1 contains an N-terminal extension, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, a coiled coil domain, and seven WD40 repeats. In human COP1, a classic leucine-rich NES, and a novel bipartite NLS is bridged by the RING-HC finger.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 22027630  68 YECPICLMALREAVQTPCGHRFCKACIIKSIRDAgHKCPVDNEIL 112
Cdd:cd16504   3 FLCPICFDIIKEAFVTKCGHSFCYKCIVKHLEQK-NRCPKCNFYL 46

second RING finger, HC subclass, found in the LON peptidase N-terminal domain and RING finger protein family; The LON peptidase N-terminal domain and RING finger protein family includes LONRF1 (also known as RING finger protein 191 or RNF191), LONRF2 (also known as RING finger protein 192, RNF192, or neuroblastoma apoptosis-related protease), LONRF3 (also known as RING finger protein 127 or RNF127), which are characterized by containing two C3HC4-type RING-HC fingers, four tetratricopeptide (TPR) repeats, and an ATP-dependent protease La (LON) substrate-binding domain at the C-terminus. Their biological functions remain unclear. This model corresponds to the second RING-HC finger.

                        10        20        30
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 22027630  69 ECPICLMALREAVQTPCGHRFCKACIIKSIrDAGHKCPV 107
Cdd:cd16514   3 ECSLCLRLLYEPVTTPCGHTFCRACLERCL-DHSPKCPL 40

Zinc finger, C3HC4 type (RING finger); The C3HC4 type zinc-finger (RING finger) is a cysteine-rich domain of 40 to 60 residues that coordinates two zinc ions, and has the consensus sequence: C-X2-C-X(9-39)-C-X(1-3)-H-X(2-3)-C-X2-C-X(4-48)-C-X2-C where X is any amino acid. Many proteins containing a RING finger play a key role in the ubiquitination pathway.

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 22027630    70 CPICLMALREAVQ-TPCGHRFCKACIIKSIRDAGHKCPV 107
Cdd:pfam00097   1 CPICLEEPKDPVTlLPCGHLFCSKCIRSWLESGNVTCPL 39

Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C3HC3D-type), found in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 7 (TRAF7) and similar proteins; TRAF7, also known as RING finger and WD repeat-containing protein 1 or RING finger protein 119 (RNF119), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in signal transduction pathways that lead either to activation or repression of NF-kappaB transcription factor by promoting K29-linked ubiquitination of several cellular targets, including the NF-kappaB essential modulator (NEMO) and the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB transcription factor. It is also involved in K29-linked polyubiquitination that has been implicated in lysosomal degradation of proteins. Moreover, TRAF7 is required for K48-linked ubiquitination of p53, a key tumor suppressor and a master regulator of various signaling pathways, such as those related to apoptosis, cell cycle and DNA repair. It is also required for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha)-induced Jun N-terminal kinase activation and promotes cell death by regulating polyubiquitination and lysosomal degradation of c-FLIP protein. Furthermore, TRAF7 functions as small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) E3 ligase involved in other post-translational modification, such as sumoylation. It binds to and stimulates sumoylation of the proto-oncogene product c-Myb, a transcription factor regulating proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells. It potentiates MEKK3-induced AP1 and CHOP activation and induces apoptosis. Meanwhile, TRAF7 mediates MyoD1 regulation of the pathway and cell-cycle progression in myoblasts. It also plays a role in Toll-like receptors (TLR) signaling. TRAF7 contains an N-terminal domain with a modified C3HC3D-type RING-HC finger and an adjacent zinc finger, and a unique C-terminal domain that comprises a coiled coil domain and seven WD40 repeats.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 22027630  63 PLESKYECPICLMALREAVQTPCGHRFCKACIIKSirdAGHKCPVDN 109
Cdd:cd16644   1 PPSVKLYCPLCQRVFKDPVITSCGHTFCRRCALTA---PGEKCPVDN 44

DNA repair protein rad18; All proteins in this family for which functions are known are involved in nucleotide excision repair.This family is based on the phylogenomic analysis of JA Eisen (1999, Ph.D. Thesis, Stanford University). [DNA metabolism, DNA replication, recombination, and repair]

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 22027630    63 PLESKYECPICLMALREAVQTPCGHRFCKACIIKSIRDAGhKCPV----DNEILLENqlfpdNFAKREIL 128
Cdd:TIGR00599  22 PLDTSLRCHICKDFFDVPVLTSCSHTFCSLCIRRCLSNQP-KCPLcraeDQESKLRS-----NWLVSEIV 85

Meprin family, Beta subunit, MATH domain; Meprins are multidomain extracellular metalloproteases capable of cleaving growth factors, cytokines, extracellular matrix proteins, and biologically active peptides. They are composed of two related subunits, alpha and beta, which form homo- or hetro-complexes where the basic unit is a disulfide-linked dimer. The beta subunit is a type I membrane protein, which forms homodimers or heterotetramers (alpha2beta2 or alpha3beta). Meprin beta shows preference for acidic residues at the P1 and P1' sites of its substrate. Among its best substrates are growth factors and chemokines such as gastrin and osteopontin. Both alpha and beta subunits contain a catalytic astacin (M12 family) protease domain followed by the adhesion or interaction domains MAM, MATH and AM. The MATH and MAM domains provide symmetrical intersubunit disulfide bonds necessary for the dimerization of meprin subunits. The MATH domain may also be required for folding of an activable zymogen.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 22027630 353 YIWKIGNFGMHLKCQEEEKPvvIHSPGFYTGKpGYKLCMRLHLQLPTAQrcANYISLFVHTMQGEYDSHLPWPF---QGT 429
Cdd:cd03782   4 HIWHIRNFTQLLATTPPNGK--IYSPPFLSST-GYSFQVGLYLNGTDDY--PGNLAIYLHLTSGPNDDQLQWPCpwqQAT 78

                        90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 22027630 430 irLTILDQ-SEAPVRQNHEEIMDAKPELLA-------FQRP-------------TIPRNPkGFGYVTFMHLEALRQRTFI 488
Cdd:cd03782  79 --MMLLDQhPDIRQRMSNQRSVTTDPNMTStdsdeyfWDDPrkvgsevtdtdgsTFYRGP-GYGTSAFITHLRLRSRDFI 155

                ...
gi 22027630 489 KDD 491
Cdd:cd03782 156 KGD 158

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 170 (RNF170) and similar proteins; RNF170, also known as putative LAG1-interacting protein, is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane-bound E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination-dependent degradation of type-I inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors (ITPR1) via the endoplasmic-reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD) pathway. A point mutation (arginine to cysteine at position 199) in the RNF170 gene is linked with autosomal-dominant sensory ataxia (ADSA), a disease characterized by neurodegeneration in the posterior columns of the spinal cord. RNF170 contains a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                        10        20        30
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 22027630  69 ECPICLMALREAVQTPCGHRFCKACIIKSIR 99
Cdd:cd16553   3 ECPICLQDARFPVETNCGHLFCGPCIITYWR 33

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 47 (TRIM47) and similar proteins; TRIM47, also known as gene overexpressed in astrocytoma protein (GOA) or RING finger protein 100 (RNF100), belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, a B-box, and two coiled coil domains, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. It plays an important role in the process of dedifferentiation that is associated with astrocytoma tumorigenesis. This subfamily also includes RING finger protein 135 (RNF135). RNF135, also known as RIG-I E3 ubiquitin ligase (REUL) or Riplet, is a widely expressed E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that consists of an N-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger and C-terminal B30.2/SPRY and PRY motifs, but lacks the B-box and coiled-coil domains that are also typically present in TRIM proteins. RNF135 serves as a specific retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-interacting protein that ubiquitinates RIG-I and specifically stimulates RIG-I-mediated innate antiviral activity to produce antiviral type-I interferon (IFN) during the early phase of viral infection. It also has been identified as a bio-marker and therapy target of glioblastoma. It associates with the ERK signal transduction pathway and plays a role in glioblastoma cell proliferation, migration and cell cycle.

                        10        20
                ....*....|....*....|....*
gi 22027630  70 CPICLMALREAVQTPCGHRFCKACI 94
Cdd:cd16604   3 CPICLDLLKDPVTLPCGHSFCMGCL 27

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Arabidopsis thaliana BRCA1-associated RING domain protein 1 (AtBARD1) and similar proteins; AtBARD1, also called protein REPRESSOR OF WUSCHEL 1, binds specifically to H3K4me3 regions of target gene (e.g. WUS and WOX5) promoters to repress their transcription via chromatin remodeling. It is required for the shoot apical meristem (SAM) organization and maintenance, by confining WUS expression to the organizing center, and for the quiescent center (QC) development in the root apical meristem (RAM), by repressing WOX5 expression in the root proximal meristem. AtBARD1 plays a role in DNA repair and in cell-cycle control. It is required for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), both natural and induced by genotoxic stress, by homologous recombination (HR). AtBARD1 contains a typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 22027630  64 LESKYECPICLMALREAVQTPCGHRFCKACIIKSIRdAGHKCPV 107
Cdd:cd23146   1 MELELKCPICLKLLNRPVLLPCDHIFCSSCITDSTK-VGSDCPV 43

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing proteins, TRIM7, TRIM11 and TRIM27, and similar proteins; TRIM7, TRIM11 and TRIM27, closely related tripartite motif-containing proteins, belong to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a SPRY/B30.2 domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. TRIM7, also known as glycogenin-interacting protein (GNIP) or RING finger protein 90 (RNF90), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates c-Jun/AP-1 activation by Ras signalling. Its phosphorylation and activation by MSK1 in response to direct activation by the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway can stimulate TRIM7 E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in mediating Lys63-linked ubiquitination of the AP-1 coactivator RACO-1, leading to RACO-1 protein stabilization. Moreover, TRIM7 binds and activates glycogenin, the self-glucosylating initiator of glycogen biosynthesis. TRIM11, also known as protein BIA1, or RING finger protein 92 (RNF92), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in the development of the central nervous system. It is overexpressed in high-grade gliomas and promotes proliferation, invasion, migration and glial tumor growth. TRIM11 acts as a potential therapeutic target for congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) by mediating the degradation of CCHS-associated polyalanine-expanded Phox2b. TRIM11 modulates the function of neurogenic transcription factor Pax6 through the ubiquitin-proteosome system, and thus plays an essential role for Pax6-dependent neurogenesis. It also binds to and destabilizes a key component of the activator-mediated cofactor complex (ARC105), humanin, a neuroprotective peptide against Alzheimer's disease-relevant insults, and further regulates ARC105 function in transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) signaling. Moreover, TRIM11 negatively regulates retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-mediated interferon-beta (IFNbeta) production and antiviral activity by targeting TANK-binding kinase-1 (TBK1). It may contribute to the endogenous restriction of retroviruses in cells. It enhances N-tropic murine leukemia virus (N-MLV) entry by interfering with Ref1 restriction. It also suppresses the early steps of human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1 transduction, resulting in decreased reverse transcripts. TRIM27, also known as RING finger protein 76 (RNF76), RET finger protein (RFP), or zinc finger protein RFP, is a nuclear E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is highly expressed in testis and in various tumor cell lines. Expression of TRIM27 is associated with prognosis of colon and endometrial cancers. TRIM27 was first identified as a fusion partner of the RET receptor tyrosine kinase. It functions as a transcriptional repressor and associates with several proteins involved in transcriptional activity, such as enhancer of polycomb 1 (Epc1), a member of the Polycomb group proteins, and Mi-2beta, a main component of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex, and the cell cycle regulator retinoblastoma protein (RB1). It also interacts with HDAC1, leading to downregulation of thioredoxin binding protein 2 (TBP-2), which inhibits the function of thioredoxin. Moreover, TRIM27 mediates Pax7-induced ubiquitination of MyoD in skeletal muscle atrophy. In addition, it inhibits muscle differentiation by modulating serum response factor (SRF) and Epc1. TRIM27 promotes a non-canonical polyubiquitination of PTEN, a lipid phosphatase that catalyzes PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 (PIP3) to PtdIns(4,5)P2 (PIP2). It is an IKKepsilon-interacting protein that regulates IkappaB kinase (IKK) function and negatively regulates signaling involved in the antiviral response and inflammation. TRIM27 also forms a protein complex with MBD4 or MBD2 or MBD3, and thus plays an important role in the enhancement of transcriptional repression through MBD proteins in tumorigenesis, spermatogenesis, and embryogenesis. It is a component of an estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) regulatory complex that is involved in estrogen receptor-mediated transcription in MCF-7 cells.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 22027630  70 CPICLMALREAVQTPCGHRFCKACIIK--SIRDAGHKCPV 107
Cdd:cd16594   8 CPICLDYFTDPVTLDCGHSFCRACIARcwEEPETSASCPQ 47

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Arabidopsis thaliana RING membrane-anchor proteins (AtRMAs) and similar proteins; AtRMAs, including AtRma1, AtRma2, and AtRma3, are endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized Arabidopsis homologs of human outer membrane of the ER-anchor E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, RING finger protein 5 (RNF5). AtRMAs possess E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, and may play a role in the growth and development of Arabidopsis. The AtRMA1 and AtRMA3 genes are predominantly expressed in major tissues, such as cotyledons, leaves, shoot-root junction, roots, and anthers, while AtRMA2 expression is restricted to the root tips and leaf hydathodes. AtRma1 probably functions with the Ubc4/5 subfamily of E2. AtRma2 is likely involved in the cellular regulation of ABP1 expression levels through interacting with auxin binding protein 1 (ABP1). AtRMA proteins contain an N-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger and a trans-membrane-anchoring domain in their extreme C-terminal region.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 22027630  68 YECPICLMALREAVQTPCGHRFCKACIIKSIRDAGH--KCPV 107
Cdd:cd16745   1 FECNICLDLAQDPVVTLCGHLFCWPCLHKWLRRQSSqpECPV 42

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 26 (TRIM26) and similar proteins; TRIM26, also known as acid finger protein (AFP), RING finger protein 95 (RNF95), or zinc finger protein 173 (ZNF173), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that negatively regulates interferon-beta production and antiviral response through polyubiquitination and degradation of nuclear transcription factor IRF3. It functions as an important regulator for RNA virus-triggered innate immune response by bridging TBK1 to NEMO (NF-kappaB essential modulator, also known as IKKgamma) and mediating TBK1 activation. It also acts as a novel tumor suppressor of hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating cancer cell proliferation, colony forming ability, migration, and invasion. TRIM26 belongs the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, a B-box, and two coiled coil domains, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                        10        20        30
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 22027630  64 LESKYECPICLMALREAVQTPCGHRFCKACI 94
Cdd:cd16598   1 LEEEVTCSICLDYLRDPVTIDCGHNFCRSCI 31

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 77 (TRIM77) and similar proteins; TRIM77 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including two consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger and Bbox2, as well as a SPRY/B30.2 domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 22027630  65 ESKYECPICLMALREAVQTPCGHRFCKACIIK--SIRDAGHKCPVDNEI 111
Cdd:cd16543   1 EDQLTCSICLDLLKDPVTIPCGHSFCMNCITLlwDRKQGVPSCPQCRES 49

Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C3HC3D-type), found in PHD and RING finger domain-containing protein 1 (PHRF1) and similar proteins; PHRF1, also known as KIAA1542, or CTD-binding SR-like protein rA9, is a ubiquitin ligase which induces the ubiquitination of TGIF (TG-interacting factor) at lysine 130. It acts as a tumor suppressor that promotes the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta cytostatic program through selective release of TGIF-driven promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) inactivation. PHRF1 contains a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger and a modified C3HC3D-type RING-HC finger.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 22027630  70 CPICLMALRE-AVQTP--CGHRFCKACIIKSIRDAgHKCPVD 108
Cdd:cd16635   7 CPICLNTFRDqAVGTPesCDHIFCLDCILEWSKNA-NTCPVD 47

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 168 (RNF168) and similar proteins; RNF168 is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that promotes noncanonical K27 ubiquitination to signal DNA damage. It, together with RNF8, functions as a DNA damage response (DDR) factor that promotes a series of ubiquitylation events on substrates, such as H2A and H2AX with H2AK13/15 ubiquitylation, facilitates recruitment of repair factors p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) or the RAP80-BRCA1 complex to sites of double-strand breaks (DSBs), and inhibits homologous recombination (HR) in cells deficient in the tumor suppressor BRCA1. RNF168 also promotes H2A neddylation, which antagonizes ubiquitylation of H2A and regulates DNA damage repair. Moreover, RNF168 forms a functional complex with RAD6A or RAD6B during the DNA damage response. RNF168 contains an N-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger that catalyzes H2A-K15ub and interacts with H2A, and two MIU (motif interacting with ubiquitin) domains responsible for the interaction with K63 linked poly-ubiquitin.

                        10        20        30
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 22027630  70 CPICLMALREAVQTPCGHRFCKACIIKSIRDAGHKCP 106
Cdd:cd16550   3 CPICLEILVEPVTLPCNHTLCMPCFQSTVEKASLCCP 39

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 68 (TRIM68) and similar proteins; TRIM68, also known as RING finger protein 137 (RNF137) or SSA protein SS-56 (SS-56), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that negatively regulates Toll-like receptor (TLR)- and RIG-I-like receptor (RLR)-driven type I interferon production by degrading TRK fused gene (TFG), a novel driver of IFN-beta downstream of anti-viral detection systems. It also functions as a cofactor for androgen receptor-mediated transcription by regulating ligand-dependent transcription of androgen receptor in prostate cancer cells. Moreover, TRIM68 is a cellular target of autoantibody responses in Sjogre's syndrome (SS), as well as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It is also an auto-antigen for T cells in SS and SLE. TRIM68 belongs the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, a B-box, and two coiled coil domains, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 22027630  70 CPICLMALREAVQTPCGHRFCKACIIK------SIRDAGHKCPV 107
Cdd:cd16610   4 CPICMTFLREPVSIDCGHSFCHSCLSGlwevpgESQNWGYTCPL 47

RING-finger-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones];

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 22027630  65 ESKYECPICLMALREAVQTPCGHRFCKACIIKSI-RDAGHKCPV 107
Cdd:COG5574 213 LADYKCFLCLEEPEVPSCTPCGHLFCLSCLLISWtKKKYEFCPL 256

RING-finger-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase [Signal transduction mechanisms];

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 22027630  64 LESKYECPICLMALREAVQTPCGHRFCKACIIKSIRDAGHkCPVDNEILLENQLfPDNFAKREIL 128
Cdd:COG5432  22 LDSMLRCRICDCRISIPCETTCGHTFCSLCIRRHLGTQPF-CPVCREDPCESRL-RGSSGSREIN 84

H2 subclass of RING (RING-H2) fingers and its variants; The RING finger is a specialized type of Zn-finger of 40 to 60 residues that binds two atoms of zinc. It is defined by the "cross-brace" motif that chelates zinc atoms by eight amino acid residues, typically Cys or His, arranged in a characteristic spacing. Canonical RING motifs have been categorized into two major subclasses, RING-HC (C3HC4-type) and RING-H2 (C3H2C3-type), according to their Cys/His content. There are also many variants of RING fingers: some have different Cys/His patterns while some lack a single Cys or His residue at typical Zn ligand positions (the fourth or eighth zinc ligand is prevalently exchanged for an Asp, which can indeed chelate Zn in a RING finger as well). This family corresponds to the H2 subclass of RING (RING-H2) finger proteins that are characterized by containing C3H2C3-type canonical RING-H2 fingers or noncanonical RING-H2 finger variants, including C4HC3- (RING-CH alias RINGv), C3H3C2-, C3H2C2D-, C3DHC3-, and C4HC2H-type modified RING-H2 fingers. The canonical RING-H2 finger has been defined as C-X2-C-X(9-39)-C-X(1-3)-H-X(2-3)-H-X2-C-X(4-48)-C-X2-C, X is any amino acid and the number of X residues varies in different fingers. It binds two Zn ions in a unique "cross-brace" arrangement, which distinguishes it from tandem zinc fingers and other similar motifs. RING-H2 finger can be found in a group of diverse proteins with a variety of cellular functions, including oncogenesis, development, viral replication, signal transduction, the cell cycle and apoptosis. Many of them are ubiquitin-protein ligases (E3s) that serves as a scaffold for binding to ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s, also referred to as ubiquitin carrier proteins or UBCs) in close proximity to substrate proteins, which enables efficient transfer of ubiquitin from E2 to the substrates.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 22027630  70 CPICLMAL---REAVQTPCGHRFCKACIIKSIRDAGHKCPVDN 109
Cdd:cd16448   1 CVICLEEFeegDVVRLLPCGHVFHLACILRWLESGNNTCPLCR 43

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 146 (RNF146) and similar proteins; RNF146, also known as dactylidin, or iduna, is a cytoplasmic E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is responsible for PARylation-dependent ubiquitination (PARdU). It displays neuroprotective property due to its inhibition of Parthanatos, a PAR dependent cell death, via binding with Poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR). It also modulates PAR polymerase-1 (PARP-1)-mediated oxidative cell injury in cardiac myocytes. Moreover, RNF146 mediates tankyrase-dependent degradation of axin, thereby positively regulating Wnt signaling. It also facilitates DNA repair and protects against cell death induced by DNA damaging agents or gamma-irradiation by translocating to the nucleus after cellular injury and promoting the ubiquitination and degradation of various nuclear proteins involved in DNA damage repair. Furthermore, RNF146 is implicated in neurodegenerative disease and cancer development. It regulates the development and progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by enhancing cell growth, invasion, and survival. RNF146 contains an N-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger followed by a WWE domain with a poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) binding motif at the tail.

                        10        20        30
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 22027630  69 ECPICLMALREAVQTPCGHRFCKACiIKSIRDAGHKCP 106
Cdd:cd16546   2 ECPICLQTCIHPVKLPCGHIFCYLC-VKGVAWQSKRCA 38

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 185 (RNF185) and similar proteins; RNF185 is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) that targets cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). It controls the degradation of CFTR and CFTR F508del allele in a RING- and proteasome-dependent manner, but does not control that of other classical ERAD model substrates. It also negatively regulates osteogenic differentiation by targeting dishevelled2 (Dvl2), a key mediator of the Wnt signaling pathway, for degradation. Moreover, RNF185 regulates selective mitochondrial autophagy through interaction with the Bcl-2 family protein BNIP1. It also plays an important role in cell adhesion and migration through the modulation of cell migration by ubiquitinating paxillin. RNF185 contains a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

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gi 22027630  68 YECPICLMALREAVQTPCGHRFCKACIIK--SIRDAGHKCPVDNEILLENQLFP 119
Cdd:cd16744   1 FECNICLDTAKDAVVSLCGHLFCWPCLHQwlETRPNRQVCPVCKAGISRDKVIP 54

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 10 (TRIM10) and similar proteins; TRIM10, also known as B30-RING finger protein (RFB30), RING finger protein 9 (RNF9), or hematopoietic RING finger 1 (HERF1), is a novel hematopoiesis-specific RING finger protein required for terminal differentiation of erythroid cells. TRIM10 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

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gi 22027630  70 CPICLMALREAVQTPCGHRFCKACI 94
Cdd:cd16593   8 CPICQGTLREPVTIDCGHNFCRACL 32