RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 130 (RNF130) and similar proteins; RNF130, also known as Goliath homolog (H-Goliath), is a paralog of RNF128, also known as gene related to anergy in lymphocytes protein (GRAIL). It is a transmembrane E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase expressed in leukocytes. It has a self-ubiquitination property, and controls the development of T cell clonal anergy by ubiquitination. RNF130 contains an N-terminal signal peptide, a protease-associated (PA) domain, a transmembrane (TM) domain and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger domain followed by a putative PEST sequence.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 688585495 271 NHCAVCIEGYQLNDVVRILPCKHVFHKMCVDPWLNEHCTCPMCKLNILK 319
Cdd:cd16803    1 DHCAVCIEGYKQNDVVRILPCKHVFHKSCVDPWLNEHCTCPMCKLNILK 49

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 130 (RNF130) and similar proteins; RNF130, also known as Goliath homolog (H-Goliath), is a paralog of RNF128, also known as gene related to anergy in lymphocytes protein (GRAIL). It is a transmembrane E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase expressed in leukocytes. It has a self-ubiquitination property, and controls the development of T cell clonal anergy by ubiquitination. RNF130 contains an N-terminal signal peptide, a protease-associated (PA) domain, a transmembrane (TM) domain and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger domain followed by a putative PEST sequence.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 688585495 271 NHCAVCIEGYQLNDVVRILPCKHVFHKMCVDPWLNEHCTCPMCKLNILK 319
Cdd:cd16803    1 DHCAVCIEGYKQNDVVRILPCKHVFHKSCVDPWLNEHCTCPMCKLNILK 49

RING-finger-containing ubiquitin ligase [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones];

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 688585495 117 MQRGKCTFKEKILKAAAFNASAVIIYNNNTKE----------DTVTMAHEG-------TGDIVAVMITESFGKEILGFLE 179
Cdd:COG5540  152 NRRGNETEEDPTRERRRTRFKGVIRGSERNGEtfrlhymvapDKVDPRSEGvedpvtlTTSINVTWDGLGNTYQAPSQSA 231

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 688585495 180 K-------NQTVLVSVIVGSRGMPKNINRGSlVFVSISFIVLMIISSAWLIFYFIQKIRDTSARDRSQRRLGDAAKKAIS 252
Cdd:COG5540  232 EaqdetgdMFWPRLSRFVGSRGFRVVFPRIP-SQELRFLFLTQSKGSRFNIILEIQINFDVGFYSSSEAIPTTTTKGSLK 310

                        170       180       190       200       210       220
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 688585495 253 KLTTRTVKRGDKETEpdfnhCAVCIEGYQLNDVVRILPCKHVFHKMCVDPWLNEHC-TCPMCK 314
Cdd:COG5540  311 PLSIERAVEADKGVE-----CAICMSNFIKNDRLRVLPCDHRFHVGCVDKWLLGYSnKCPVCR 368

Ring finger; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity is intrinsic to the RING domain of c-Cbl and is likely to be a general function of this domain; Various RING fingers exhibit binding activity towards E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (Ubc' s)

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 688585495   273 CAVCIEGYQlnDVVRILPCKHVFHKMCVDPWL-NEHCTCPMC 313
Cdd:smart00184   1 CPICLEEYL--KDPVILPCGHTFCRSCIRKWLeSGNNTCPIC 40

HRD ubiquitin ligase complex, ER membrane component [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones];

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 688585495 206 FVSISFIVLMIISSAWLIFYFIQKIRDTSARDRSQRRLGDAAKKAisklTTRTVKRGDketepdfNHCAVCIEGY----- 280
Cdd:COG5243  234 FPYVRVPIYLIRQMYTCFYALFRRIREHARFRRATKDLNAMYPTA----TEEQLTNSD-------RTCTICMDEMfhpdh 302

                         90       100       110       120
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 688585495 281 -----QLNDVVRILPCKHVFHKMCVDPWLNEHCTCPMCKL 315
Cdd:COG5243  303 eplprGLDMTPKRLPCGHILHLHCLKNWLERQQTCPICRR 342

Component of SCF ubiquitin ligase and anaphase-promoting complex [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones / Cell division and chromosome partitioning];

                         10        20
                 ....*....|....*....|....
gi 688585495 291 CKHVFHKMCVDPWLNEHCTCPMCK 314
Cdd:COG5194   54 CNHAFHDHCIYRWLDTKGVCPLDR 77

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 130 (RNF130) and similar proteins; RNF130, also known as Goliath homolog (H-Goliath), is a paralog of RNF128, also known as gene related to anergy in lymphocytes protein (GRAIL). It is a transmembrane E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase expressed in leukocytes. It has a self-ubiquitination property, and controls the development of T cell clonal anergy by ubiquitination. RNF130 contains an N-terminal signal peptide, a protease-associated (PA) domain, a transmembrane (TM) domain and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger domain followed by a putative PEST sequence.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 688585495 271 NHCAVCIEGYQLNDVVRILPCKHVFHKMCVDPWLNEHCTCPMCKLNILK 319
Cdd:cd16803    1 DHCAVCIEGYKQNDVVRILPCKHVFHKSCVDPWLNEHCTCPMCKLNILK 49

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 150 (RNF150) and similar proteins; RNF150 is a RING finger protein and its polymorphisms may be associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk in the Chinese population. Further studies with larger numbers of participants worldwide are needed for validation of the relationships between RNF150 genetic variants and the pathogenesis of COPD. RNF150 contains an N-terminal signal peptide, a protease-associated (PA) domain, a transmembrane (TM) domain and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger domain followed by a putative PEST sequence.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 688585495 265 ETEPDFNHCAVCIEGYQLNDVVRILPCKHVFHKMCVDPWLNEHCTCPMCKLNILK 319
Cdd:cd16805    1 ETESDFDNCAVCIEGYKPNDVVRILPCRHLFHKSCVDPWLLDHRTCPMCKMNILK 55

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 128 (RNF128) and similar proteins; This subfamily includes RING finger proteins RNF128, RNF133, RNF148, and similar proteins, which belong to a larger PA-TM-RING ubiquitin ligase family that has been characterized by containing an N-terminal signal peptide, a protease-associated (PA) domain, a transmembrane (TM) domain and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger followed by a putative PEST sequence. RNF128, also known as gene related to anergy in lymphocytes protein (GRAIL), is a type 1 transmembrane E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is a critical regulator of adaptive immunity and development. It inhibits cytokine gene transcription, is expressed in anergic CD4+ T cells, and has been implicated in primary T cell activation, survival, and differentiation, as well as in T cell anergy and oral tolerance. It induces T cell anergy through the ubiquitination activity of its cytosolic RING finger. It regulates expression of the costimulatory molecule CD40L on CD4 T cells, and ubiquitinates the costimulatory molecule CD40 ligand (CD40L) during the induction of T cell anergy. Moreover, RNF128 interacts with the luminal/extracellular portion of both CD151 and the related tetraspanin CD81 via its PA domain, which promoted ubiquitination of cytosolic lysine residues. It also down-modulates the expression of CD83 (previously described as a cell surface marker for mature dendritic cells) on CD4 T cells. Furthermore, Rho guanine dissociation inhibitor (RhoGDI) has been identified as a potential substrate of RNF128, suggesting a role for Rho effector molecules in T cell anergy. In addition, RNF128 plays a role in environmental stress responses. It promotes environmental salinity tolerance in euryhaline tilapia. RNF133 is a testis-specific endoplasmic reticulum-associated E3 ubiquitin ligase that is mainly present in the cytoplasm of elongated spermatids. It may play a role in sperm maturation through an ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway. RNF148 is a testis-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase that is abundantly expressed in testes and slightly expressed in pancreas. Its expression is regulated by histone deacetylases.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 688585495 273 CAVCIEGYQLNDVVRILPCKHVFHKMCVDPWLNEHCTCPMCKLNILK 319
Cdd:cd16802    3 CAVCIEPYKPNDVVRILTCNHLFHKNCIDPWLLEHRTCPMCKCDILK 49

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger proteins RNF126, RNF115, and similar proteins; This subfamily includes RING finger proteins RNF126, RNF115, and similar proteins. RNF126 is a Bag6-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase that is involved in the mislocalized protein (MLP) pathway of quality control. It regulates the retrograde sorting of the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR). RNF126 promotes cancer cell proliferation by targeting the tumor suppressor p21 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation, and could be a novel therapeutic target in breast and prostate cancers. It is also able to ubiquitylate cytidine deaminase (AID), a poorly soluble protein that is essential for antibody diversification. RNF115, also known as Rab7-interacting ring finger protein (Rabring 7), or zinc finger protein 364 (ZNF364), or breast cancer-associated gene 2 (BCA2), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is an endogenous inhibitor of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation; this inhibition increases the efficacy of metformin in breast cancer cells. It also functions as a cofactor in the restriction imposed by tetherin on HIV-1, and targets HIV-1 Gag for lysosomal degradation, impairing virus assembly and release, in a tetherin-independent manner. Moreover, RNF115 is a Rab7-binding protein that stimulates c-Myc degradation through mono-ubiquitination of MM-1. It also plays crucial roles as a Rab7 target protein in vesicle traffic to late endosome/lysosome and lysosome biogenesis. RNF115 and RNF126 associate with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and promote ubiquitylation of EGFR, suggesting they play a role in the ubiquitin-dependent sorting and downregulation of membrane receptors. Both of them contain an N-terminal BCA2 Zinc-finger domain (BZF), AKT-phosphorylation sites, and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 688585495 273 CAVCIEGYQLNDVVRILPCKHVFHKMCVDPWLNEHCTCPMCK 314
Cdd:cd16667    2 CAVCKEDFEVGEEVRQLPCKHLFHPDCIVPWLELHNSCPVCR 43

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger proteins RNF24, RNF122, and similar proteins; This subfamily includes RNF24, RNF122, and similar proteins. RNF24 is an intrinsic membrane protein localized in the Golgi apparatus. It specifically interacts with the ankyrin-repeats domains (ARDs) of TRPC1, -3, -4, -5, -6, and -7, and affects TRPC intracellular trafficking without affecting their activity. RNF122 is a RING finger protein associated with HEK 293T cell viability. It is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus, and overexpressed in anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. RNF122 functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that can ubiquitinate itself and undergo degradation through its RING finger in a proteasome-dependent manner. Both RNF24 and RNF122 contain an N-terminal transmembrane domain and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 688585495 273 CAVCIEGYQLNDVVRILPCKHVFHKMCVDPWLNEHCTCPMCK 314
Cdd:cd16469    3 CAVCLEEFKLKEELGVCPCGHAFHTKCLKKWLEVRNSCPICK 44

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 103 (RNF103) and similar proteins; RNF103, also known as KF-1 or zinc finger protein 103 homolog (Zfp-103), is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is widely expressed in many different organs, including brain, heart, kidney, spleen, and lung. It is involved in the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway by interacting with components of the ERAD pathway, including Derlin-1 and VCP. RNF103 contains several hydrophobic regions at its N-terminal and middle regions, as well as a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 688585495 268 PDFNHCAVCIEGYQLNDVVRILPCKHVFHKMCVDPWLNE-HCTCPMCKLNILKA 320
Cdd:cd16473    2 LECEECAICLENYQNGDLLRGLPCGHVFHQNCIDVWLERdNHCCPVCRWPVYKD 55

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in rice E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase EL5 and similar proteins; EL5, also known as protein ELICITOR 5, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase containing an N-terminal transmembrane domain and a C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger that is a binding site for ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2). It can be rapidly induced by N-acetylchitooligosaccharide elicitor. EL5 catalyzes polyubiquitination via the Lys48 residue of ubiquitin, and thus plays a crucial role as a membrane-anchored E3 in the maintenance of cell viability after the initiation of root primordial formation in rice. It also acts as an anti-cell death enzyme that might be responsible for mediating the degradation of cytotoxic proteins produced in root cells after the actions of phytohormones. Moreover, EL5 interacts with UBC5b, a rice ubiquitin carrier protein, through its RING-H2 finger. EL5 is an unstable protein, and its degradation is regulated by the C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger in a proteasome-independent manner.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 688585495 273 CAVCIEGYQLNDVVRILP-CKHVFHKMCVDPWLNEHCTCPMC 313
Cdd:cd16461    2 CAICLSDYENGEELRRLPeCKHAFHKECIDEWLKSNSTCPLC 43

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 43 (RNF43) and similar proteins; RNF43 is a transmembrane E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays an important role in frizzled (FZD)-dependent regulation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. It functions as a tumor suppressor that inhibits Wnt/beta-catenin signaling by ubiquitinating FZD receptor and targeting it to the lysosomal pathway for degradation. miR-550a-5p directly targeted the 3'-UTR of gene RNF43 and regulated its expression. Moreover, RNF43 interacts with NEDD-4-like ubiquitin-protein ligase-1 (NEDL1) and regulates p53-mediated transcription. It may also be involved in cell growth control through the interaction with HAP95, a chromatin-associated protein interfacing the nuclear envelope. Mutations of RNF43 have been identified in various tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC), endometrial cancer, mucinous ovarian tumors, gastric adenocarcinoma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, liver fluke-associated cholangiocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and glioma. RNF43 contains an N-terminal signal peptide, a protease-associated (PA) domain, a transmembrane (TM) domain and a C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger followed by a long C-terminal region.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 688585495 273 CAVCIEGYQLNDVVRILPCKHVFHKMCVDPWLNEHCTCPMCKLNILK 319
Cdd:cd16798    6 CAICLEEFSEGQELRIISCSHEFHRECVDPWLHQHRTCPLCMFNIIE 52

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 13 (RNF13), RING finger protein 167 (RNF167), and similar proteins; This subfamily includes RING finger protein 13 (RNF13), RING finger protein 167 (RNF167), Zinc/RING finger protein 4 (ZNRF4), and similar proteins, which belong to a larger PA-TM-RING ubiquitin ligase family that has been characterized by containing an N-terminal signal peptide, a protease-associated (PA) domain, a transmembrane domain (TM), and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger followed by a putative PEST sequence. RNF13 is a widely expressed membrane-associated E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that functions in the regulation of cancer development, muscle cell growth, and neuronal development. Its expression is developmentally regulated during myogenesis and is upregulated in various tumors. RNF13 negatively regulates cell proliferation through its E3 ligase activity. RNF167, also known as RING105, is an endosomal/lysosomal E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in the ubiquitination of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR). It acts as an endosomal membrane protein which ubiquitylates vesicle-associated membrane protein 3 (VAMP3) and regulates endosomal trafficking. Moreover, RNF167 plays a role in the regulation of TSSC5 (tumor-suppressing subchromosomal transferable fragment cDNA, also known as ORCTL2/IMPT1/BWR1A/SLC22A1L), which can function in concert with the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UbcH6. ZNRF4, also known as RING finger protein 204 (RNF204), or Nixin, is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane-anchored ubiquitin ligase that physically interacts with the ER-localized chaperone calnexin in a glycosylation-independent manner, inducing calnexin ubiquitination, and p97-dependent degradation. The murine protein sperizin (spermatid-specific ring zinc finger) is a homolog of human ZNRF4. It is specifically expressed in Haploid germ cells and is involved in spermatogenesis.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 688585495 273 CAVCIEGYQLNDVVRILPCKHVFHKMCVDPWL-NEHCTCPMCK 314
Cdd:cd16665    3 CAICLDDYEEGDKLRILPCSHAYHCKCIDPWLtKNKRTCPVCK 45

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 11 (RNF11) and similar proteins; RNF11 is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that acts both as an adaptor and a modulator of itch-mediated control of ubiquitination events underlying membrane traffic. It acts downstream of an enzymatic cascade for the ubiquitination of specific substrates. It is also a molecular adaptor of homologous to E6-associated protein C-terminus (HECT)-type ligases. RNF11 has been implicated in the regulation of several signaling pathways. It enhances transforming growth factor receptor (TGFR) signaling by both abrogating Smurf2-mediated receptor ubiquitination and by promoting the Smurf2-mediated degradation of AMSH (associated molecule with the SH3 domain of STAM), a de-ubiquitinating enzyme that enhances TGF-beta signaling and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) endosomal recycling. It also acts directly on Smad4 to enhance Smad4 function, and plays a role in prolonged TGF-beta signaling. RNF11 also functions as a critical component of the A20 ubiquitin-editing protein complex that negatively regulates tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation. It interacts with Smad anchor for receptor activation (SARA) and the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-0 complex, thus participating in the regulation of lysosomal degradation of EGFR. RNF11 acts as a novel GGA cargo actively participating in regulating the ubiquitination of the GGA protein family. RNF11 functions together with TAX1BP1 to target TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1)/IkappaB kinase IKKi, and further restricts antiviral signaling and type I interferon (IFN)-beta production. RNF11 contains an N-terminal PPPY motif that binds WW domain-containing proteins such as AIP4/itch, Nedd4 and Smurf1/2 (SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase 1/2), and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger that functions as a scaffold for the coordinated transfer of ubiquitin to substrate proteins together with the E2 enzymes UbcH527 and Ubc13.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 688585495 273 CAVCIEGYQLNDVVRILPCKHVFHKMCVDPWLNEHCTCPMCK 314
Cdd:cd16468    2 CVICMADFVVGDPIRYLPCMHIYHVDCIDDWLMRSFTCPSCM 43

H2 subclass of RING (RING-H2) fingers and its variants; The RING finger is a specialized type of Zn-finger of 40 to 60 residues that binds two atoms of zinc. It is defined by the "cross-brace" motif that chelates zinc atoms by eight amino acid residues, typically Cys or His, arranged in a characteristic spacing. Canonical RING motifs have been categorized into two major subclasses, RING-HC (C3HC4-type) and RING-H2 (C3H2C3-type), according to their Cys/His content. There are also many variants of RING fingers: some have different Cys/His patterns while some lack a single Cys or His residue at typical Zn ligand positions (the fourth or eighth zinc ligand is prevalently exchanged for an Asp, which can indeed chelate Zn in a RING finger as well). This family corresponds to the H2 subclass of RING (RING-H2) finger proteins that are characterized by containing C3H2C3-type canonical RING-H2 fingers or noncanonical RING-H2 finger variants, including C4HC3- (RING-CH alias RINGv), C3H3C2-, C3H2C2D-, C3DHC3-, and C4HC2H-type modified RING-H2 fingers. The canonical RING-H2 finger has been defined as C-X2-C-X(9-39)-C-X(1-3)-H-X(2-3)-H-X2-C-X(4-48)-C-X2-C, X is any amino acid and the number of X residues varies in different fingers. It binds two Zn ions in a unique "cross-brace" arrangement, which distinguishes it from tandem zinc fingers and other similar motifs. RING-H2 finger can be found in a group of diverse proteins with a variety of cellular functions, including oncogenesis, development, viral replication, signal transduction, the cell cycle and apoptosis. Many of them are ubiquitin-protein ligases (E3s) that serves as a scaffold for binding to ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s, also referred to as ubiquitin carrier proteins or UBCs) in close proximity to substrate proteins, which enables efficient transfer of ubiquitin from E2 to the substrates.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 688585495 273 CAVCIEGYQLNDVVRILPCKHVFHKMCVDPWL-NEHCTCPMCK 314
Cdd:cd16448    1 CVICLEEFEEGDVVRLLPCGHVFHLACILRWLeSGNNTCPLCR 43

Ring finger domain;

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 688585495  271 NHCAVCIEGYQLNDVVRILPCKHVFHKMCVDPWLNEHCTCPMCK 314
Cdd:pfam13639   1 DECPICLEEFEEGDKVVVLPCGHHFHRECLDKWLRSSNTCPLCR 44

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in zinc/RING finger protein 3 (ZNRF3) and similar proteins; ZNRF3, also known as RING finger protein 203 (RNF203), is a homolog of Ring finger protein 43 (RNF43). It is a transmembrane E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is associated with the Wnt receptor complex, and negatively regulates Wnt signaling by promoting the turnover of frizzled and lipoprotein receptor-related protein LRP6 in an R-spondin-sensitive manner. It inhibits gastric cancer cell growth and promotes cell apoptosis by affecting the Wnt/beta-catenin/TCF signaling pathway. ZNRF3 contains an N-terminal signal peptide, a protease-associated (PA) domain, a transmembrane (TM) domain and a C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger followed by a long C-terminal region.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 688585495 273 CAVCIEGYQLNDVVRILPCKHVFHKMCVDPWLNEHCTCPMCKLN 316
Cdd:cd16799    2 CAICLEKYIDGEELRVIPCTHRFHKKCVDPWLLQHHTCPHCRHN 45

PA: Protease-associated (PA) domain. The PA domain is an insert domain in a diverse fraction of proteases. The significance of the PA domain to many of the proteins in which it is inserted is undetermined. It may be a protein-protein interaction domain. At peptidase active sites, the PA domain may participate in substrate binding and/or promoting conformational changes, which influence the stability and accessibility of the site to substrate. Proteins into which the PA domain is inserted include the following: i) various signal peptide peptidases including, hSPPL2a and 2b which catalyze the intramembrane proteolysis of tumor necrosis factor alpha, ii) various proteins containing a C3H2C3 RING finger including, Arabidopsis ReMembR-H2 protein and various E3 ubiquitin ligases such as human GRAIL (gene related to anergy in lymphocytes), iii) EDEM3 (ER-degradation-enhancing mannosidase-like 3 protein), iv) various plant vacuolar sorting receptors such as Pisum sativum BP-80, v) glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII), vi) yeast aminopeptidase Y, vii) Vibrio metschnikovii VapT, a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) resistant extracellular alkaline serine protease, viii) lactocepin (a cell envelope-associated protease from Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NCDO 151), ix) various subtilisin-like proteases such as melon Cucumisin, and x) human TfR (transferrin receptor) 1 and 2.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 688585495 114 VAIMQRGKCTFKEKILKAAAFNASAVIIYnNNTKEDTVTMAHEG----TGDIVAVMITESFGKEILGFLEKNQTVLVSV 188
Cdd:cd00538   49 IVLVRRGGCSFSEKVKNAQKAGAKAVIIY-NNGDDPGPQMGSVGlestDPSIPTVGISYADGEALLSLLEAGKTVTVDL 126

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger proteins RNF38, RNF44, and similar proteins; This subfamily includes RING finger proteins RNF38, RNF44, and similar proteins. RNF38 is a nuclear E3 ubiquitin protein ligase that plays a role in regulating p53. RNF44 is an uncharacterized RING finger protein that shows high sequence similarity to RNF38. Both RNF38 and RNF44 contain a coiled-coil motif, a KIL motif (Lys-X2-Ile/Leu-X2-Ile/Leu, X can be any amino acid), and a C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger. In addition, RNF38 harbors two potential nuclear localization signals.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 688585495 273 CAVCIEGYQLNDVVRILPCKHVFHKMCVDPWLNEHCTCPMCK 314
Cdd:cd16472    5 CVVCMCDYEKRQLLRVLPCSHEFHAKCIDKWLKTNRTCPICR 46

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in protein E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Praja-1, Praja-2, and similar proteins; This family includes two highly similar E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases, Praja-1 and Praja-2. Praja-1, also known as RING finger protein 70, is a RING-H2 finger ubiquitin ligase encoded by gene PJA1, a novel human X chromosome gene abundantly expressed in the brain. It has been implicated in bone and liver development, as well as memory formation and X-linked mental retardation (MRX). Praja-1 interacts with and activates the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UbcH5B, and shows E2-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. It is a 3-deazaneplanocin A (DZNep)-induced ubiquitin ligase that directly ubiquitinates individual polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) subunits in a cell free system, which leads to their proteasomal degradation. It also plays an important role in neuronal plasticity, which is the basis for learning and memory. Moreover, Praja-1 ubiquitinates embryonic liver fodrin (ELF) and Smad3, but not Smad4, in a transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-dependent manner. It controls ELF abundance through ubiquitin-mediated degradation, and further regulates TGF-beta signaling, which plays a key role in the suppression of gastric carcinoma. Praja-1 also regulates the transcription function of the homeodomain protein Dlx5 by controlling the stability of Dlxin-1, via a ubiquitin-dependent degradation pathway. Praja-2, also known as RING finger protein 131, NEURODAP1, or KIAA0438, is an E2-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase that interacts with and activates the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UbcH5B. It functions as an A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP)-like E3 ubiquitin ligase that plays a critical role in controlling cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent PKA activity and pro-survival signaling, and further promotes cell proliferation and growth. Praja-2 is also involved in protein sorting at the postsynaptic density region of axosomatic synapses and possibly plays a role in synaptic communication and plasticity. Together with the AMPK-related kinase SIK2 and the CDK5 activator CDK5R1/p35, it forms a SIK2-p35-PJA2 complex that plays an essential role for glucose homeostasis in pancreatic beta cell functional compensation. Praja-2 ubiquitylates and degrades Mob, a core component of NDR/LATS kinase and a positive regulator of the tumor-suppressor Hippo signaling. Both Praja-1 and Praja-2 contain a potential nuclear localization signal (NLS) and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 motif.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 688585495 273 CAVCIEGYQLNDVVRILPCKHVFHKMCVDPWLNEHCTCPMCK 314
Cdd:cd16465    2 CPICCSEYVKDEIATELPCHHLFHKPCITAWLQKSGTCPVCR 43

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 122 (RNF122) and similar proteins; RNF122 is a RING finger protein associated with HEK 293T cell viability. It is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus, and overexpressed in anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. RNF122 functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that can ubiquitinate itself and undergo degradation through its RING finger in a proteasome-dependent manner. It interacts with calcium-modulating cyclophilin ligand (CAML), which is not a substrate, but a stabilizer of RNF122. RNF122 contains an N-terminal transmembrane domain and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 688585495 273 CAVCIEGYQLNDVVRILPCKHVFHKMCVDPWLNEHCTCPMC 313
Cdd:cd16676    3 CAVCLEDFKTKDELGVLPCQHAFHRKCLVKWLEIRCVCPMC 43

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger proteins RNF111, RNF165, and similar proteins; The family includes RING finger proteins RNF111, RNF165, and similar proteins. RNF111, also known as Arkadia, is a nuclear E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that targets intracellular effectors and modulators of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta)/Nodal-related signaling for polyubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation. It also interacts with the clathrin-adaptor 2 (AP2) complex and regulates endocytosis of certain cell surface receptors, leading to modulation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and possibly other signaling pathways. The N-terminal half of RNF111 harbors three SUMO-interacting motifs (SIMs). It thus functions as a SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase (STUbL) that directly links nonproteolytic ubiquitylation and SUMOylation in the DNA damage response, as well as triggers degradation of signal-induced polysumoylated proteins, such as the promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML). RNF165, also known as Arkadia-like 2, Arkadia2, or Ark2C, is an E3 ubiquitin ligase with homology to the C-terminal half of RNF111. It is expressed specifically in the nervous system, and can serve to amplify neuronal responses to specific signals. It acts as a positive regulator of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-Smad signaling that is involved in motor neuron (MN) axon elongation. Both RNF165 and RNF111 contain a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 688585495 273 CAVCIEGYQLNDVVRILPCKHVFHKMCVDPWLNEHCTCPMCKL 315
Cdd:cd16474    3 CTICLSDFEEGEDVRRLPCMHLFHQECVDQWLSTNKRCPICRV 45

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 44 (RNF44) and similar proteins; RNF44 is an uncharacterized RING finger protein that shows high sequence similarity with RNF38, which is a nuclear E3 ubiquitin protein ligase that plays a role in regulating p53. RNF44 contains a coiled-coil motif, a KIL motif (Lys-X2-Ile/Leu-X2-Ile/Leu, X can be any amino acid), and a C3H2C2-type RING-H2 finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 688585495 273 CAVCIEGYQLNDVVRILPCKHVFHKMCVDPWLNEHCTCPMCK 314
Cdd:cd16680   10 CVVCFSDFESRQLLRVLPCNHEFHTKCVDKWLKTNRTCPICR 51

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 24 (RNF24) and similar proteins; RNF24 is an intrinsic membrane protein localized in the Golgi apparatus. It specifically interacts with the ankyrin-repeats domains (ARDs) of TRPC1, -3, -4, -5, -6, and -7, and affects TRPC intracellular trafficking without affecting their activity. RNF24 contains an N-terminal transmembrane domain and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 688585495 273 CAVCIEGYQLNDVVRILPCKHVFHKMCVDPWLNEHCTCPMCKLNILK 319
Cdd:cd16675    3 CAVCLEEFKPKDELGICPCKHAFHRKCLIKWLEVRKVCPLCNMPVLQ 49

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 111 (RNF111) and similar proteins; RNF111, also known as Arkadia, is a nuclear E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that targets intracellular effectors and modulators of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta)/Nodal-related signaling for polyubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation. It acts as an amplifier of Nodal signals, and enhances the dorsalizing activity of limiting amounts of Xnr1, a Nodal homolog, and requires Nodal signaling for its function. The loss of RNF111 results in early embryonic lethality, with defects attributed to compromised Nodal signaling. RNF111 also regulates tumor metastasis by modulation of the TGF-beta pathway. Its ubiquitination can be modulated by the four and a half LIM-only protein 2 (FHL2) that activates TGF-beta signal transduction. Furthermore, RNF111 interacts with the clathrin-adaptor 2 (AP2) complex and regulates endocytosis of certain cell surface receptors, leading to modulation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and possibly other signaling pathways. In addition, RNF111 has been identified as a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-binding protein with clustered SUMO-interacting motifs (SIMs) that together form a SUMO-binding domain (SBD). It thus functions as a SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase (STUbL) that directly links nonproteolytic ubiquitylation and SUMOylation in the DNA damage response, as well as triggers degradation of signal-induced polysumoylated proteins, such as the promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML). The N-terminal half of RNF111 harbors three SIMs. Its C-terminal half show high sequence similarity with RING finger protein 165 (RNF165), where it contains two serine rich domains, two nuclear localization signals, an NRG-TIER domain, and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger that is required for polyubiqutination and proteasome-dependent degradation of phosphorylated forms of Smad2/3 and three major negative regulators of TGF-beta signaling, Smad7, SnoN and c-Ski.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 688585495 262 GDKETEPDFNH-CAVCIEGYQLNDVVRILPCKHVFHKMCVDPWLNEHCTCPMCKLNI 317
Cdd:cd16681    1 GEEGTEEDTEEkCTICLSILEEGEDVRRLPCMHLFHQVCVDQWLITNKKCPICRVDI 57

PA_subtilisin_1: Protease-associated domain containing subtilisin-like proteases, subgroup 1. A subgroup of PA domain-containing subtilisin-like proteases. The significance of the PA domain to many of the proteins in which it is inserted is undetermined. It may be a protein-protein interaction domain. At peptidase active sites, the PA domain may participate in substrate binding and/or promoting conformational changes, which influence the stability and accessibility of the site to substrate. Proteins into which the PA domain is inserted include the following subtilisin-like proteases: i) melon cucumisin, ii) Arabidopsis thaliana Ara12, iii) Alnus glutinosa ag12, iv) members of the tomato P69 family, and v) tomato LeSBT2. However, these proteins belong to other subtilisin-like subgroups. Relatively little is known about proteins in this subgroup.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 688585495 114 VAIMQRGKCTFKEKILKAAAFNASAVIIYNNNTKEDTVTMAheGTGD---IVAVMITESFGKEILGFLEKNQTVLVSV 188
Cdd:cd04818   43 IALIDRGTCNFTVKVLNAQNAGAIAVIVANNVAGGAPITMG--GDDPditIPAVMISQADGDALKAALAAGGTVTVTL 118

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in Arabidopsis thaliana RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase BIG BROTHER (BB) and similar proteins; BB (also known as protein ENHANCER OF DA1-1 or EOD1) is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that limits organ size, and possibly seed size, in a dose-dependent manner. It negatively regulates the duration of cell proliferation in leaves and petals independently of the major phytohormones (e.g. auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, brassinosteroids, ethylene, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid), probably by targeting growth stimulators for degradation. It limits the proliferation of root meristematic cells. BB polyubiquitinates DA1. It is involved in the promotion of leaf senescence, in addition to its function in restricting plant growth. BB-related is an E3 ubiquitin-ligase probably involved in organ size regulation. Members of this subfamily contain a C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 688585495 273 CAVCIEGYQLNDVVRILPCKHVFHKMCVDPWLNEHCTCPMCK 314
Cdd:cd23115    7 CVICRLEYEEGEDLLTLPCKHCYHSECIQQWLQINKVCPVCS 48

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 213 (RNF213) and similar proteins; RNF213, also known as ALK lymphoma oligomerization partner on chromosome 17 or Moyamoya steno-occlusive disease-associated AAA+ and RING finger protein (mysterin), is an intracellular soluble protein that functions as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase and AAA+ ATPase, which possibly contributes to vascular development through mechanical processes in the cell. It plays a unique role in endothelial cells for proper gene expression in response to inflammatory signals from the environment. Mutations in RNF213 may be associated with Moyamoya disease (MMD), an idiopathic cerebrovascular occlusive disorder prevalent in East Asia. It also acts as a nuclear marker for acanthomorph phylogeny. RNF213 contains two tandem enzymatically active AAA+ ATPase modules and a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger. It can form a huge ring-shaped oligomeric complex.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 688585495 273 CAVCIEgyQLNDVVRiLPCKHVFHKMCVDPWLNEHCTCPMCKLNI 317
Cdd:cd16561    5 CSICLE--DLNDPVK-LPCDHVFCEECIRQWLPGQMSCPLCRTEL 46

PA_ScAPY_like: Protease-associated domain containing proteins like Saccharomyces cerevisiae aminopeptidase Y (ScAPY). This group contains various PA domain-containing proteins similar to the S. cerevisiae APY, including Trichophyton rubrum leucine aminopeptidase 1(LAP1). Proteins in this group belong to the peptidase M28 family. ScAPY hydrolyzes amino acid-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amides (MCAs). ScAPY more rapidly hydrolyzes dipeptidyl-MCAs. Hydrolysis of amino acid-MCAs or dipeptides is stimulated by Co2+ while the hydrolysis of dipeptidyl-MCAs, tripeptides, and longer peptides is inhibited by Co2+. ScAPY is vacuolar and is activated by proteolytic processing. LAP1 is a secreted leucine aminopeptidase. The significance of the PA domain to these proteins has not been ascertained. It may be a protein-protein interaction domain. At peptidase active sites, the PA domain may participate in substrate binding and/or promoting conformational changes, which influence the stability and accessibility of the site to substrate.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 688585495  74 SPKTEAKG-IVVAPAAvngavdlqGCCPhTRFivPPKTTHWVAIMQRGKCTFKEKILKAAAFNASAVIIYNNNTKEDTVT 152
Cdd:cd02130   17 SPAGEVTGpLVVVPNL--------GCDA-ADY--PASVAGNIALIERGECPFGDKSALAGAAGAAAAIIYNNVPAGGLSG 85

                         90       100       110
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 688585495 153 MAHEGTGDIVAVM-ITESFGKEILGFLEKNQTVLVSV 188
Cdd:cd02130   86 TLGEPSGPYVPTVgISQEDGKALVAALANGGEVSANL 122

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger proteins RNF139, RNF145, and similar proteins; RNF139, also known as translocation in renal carcinoma on chromosome 8 protein (TRC8), is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident multi-transmembrane protein that functions as a potent growth suppressor in mammalian cells, inducing G2/M arrest, decreased DNA synthesis and increased apoptosis. It is a tumor suppressor that has been implicated in a novel regulatory relationship linking the cholesterol/lipid biosynthetic pathway with cellular growth control. A mutation in RNF139 has been identified in families with hereditary renal (RCC) and thyroid cancers. RNF145 is an uncharacterized RING finger protein encoded by the RNF145 gene, which is expressed in T lymphocytes, and its expression is altered in acute myelomonocytic and acute promyelocytic leukemias. Although its biological function remains unclear, RNF145 shows high sequence similarity with RNF139. Both RNF139 and RNF145 contain a C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger with possible E3-ubiquitin ligase activity.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 688585495 273 CAVCiegYQLNDVVRILPCKHVFHKMCVDPWLNEHCTCPMC 313
Cdd:cd16476    3 CAIC---YQEMKEARITPCNHFFHGLCLRKWLYVQDTCPLC 40

Zinc finger, C3HC4 type (RING finger);

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 688585495  273 CAVCIEgyQLNDVVRILPCKHVFHKMCVDPWLNEHCTCPMC 313
Cdd:pfam13923   2 CPICMD--MLKDPSTTTPCGHVFCQDCILRALRAGNECPLC 40

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 139 (RNF139) and similar proteins; RNF139, also known as translocation in renal carcinoma on chromosome 8 protein (TRC8), is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident multi-transmembrane protein that functions as a potent growth suppressor in mammalian cells, inducing G2/M arrest, decreased DNA synthesis and increased apoptosis. It is a tumor suppressor that has been implicated in a novel regulatory relationship linking the cholesterol/lipid biosynthetic pathway with cellular growth control. A mutation in RNF139 has been identified in families with hereditary renal (RCC) and thyroid cancers. RNF139 physically and functionally interacts with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL), which is part of an SCF related E3-ubiquitin ligase complex with "gatekeeper" function in renal carcinoma and is defective in most sporadic clear-cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC). It suppresses growth and functions with VHL in a common pathway. RNF139 also suppresses tumorigenesis by targeting heme oxygenase-1 for ubiquitination and degradation. Moreover, RNF139 is a target of Translin (TSN), a posttranscriptional regulator of genes transcribed by the transcription factor CREM-tau in postmeiotic male germ cells, suggesting a role of RNF139 in dysgerminoma. In addition, RNF139 forms an integral part of a novel multi-protein ER complex, containing MHC I, US2, and signal peptide peptidase, which is associated with the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway. It is required for the ubiquitination of MHC class I molecules before dislocation from the ER. As a novel sterol-sensing ER membrane protein, RNF139 hinders sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) processing through interaction with SREBP-2 and SREBP cleavage-activated protein (SCAP), regulating its own turnover rate via its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. RNF139 shows two regions of similarity with the receptor for sonic hedgehog (SHH), Patched. The first region corresponds to the second extracellular domain of Patched, which is involved in binding SHH. The second region is a putative sterol-sensing domain (SSD). The C-terminal half of RNF139 contains a C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger with E3-ubiquitin ligase activity in vitro.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 688585495 273 CAVCIEgyQLNDVVRILPCKHVFHKMCVDPWLNEHCTCPMC 313
Cdd:cd16683    7 CAICYQ--EFTTSARITPCNHYFHALCLRKWLYIQDTCPMC 45

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in Tetratricopeptide repeat protein 3 (TTC3) and similar proteins; TTC3, also known as protein DCRR1, TPR repeat protein D, TPR repeat protein 3, or RING finger protein 105 (RNF105), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase encoded by a gene within the Down syndrome (DS) critical region on chromosome 21. It affects differentiation and Golgi compactness in neurons through specific actin-regulating pathways. It inhibits the neuronal-like differentiation of pheocromocytoma cells by activating RhoA and by binding to Citron proteins. TTC3 is an Akt-specific E3 ligase that binds to phosphorylated Akt and facilitates its ubiquitination and degradation within the nucleus. It contains four N-terminal TPR motifs, a potential coiled-coil region and a Citron binding region in the central part, and a C-terminal C3H2C2-type RING-H2 finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 688585495 273 CAVCIEGYQlNDVVRILPCKHVFHKMCVDPWLNEHCTCPMCKLNI 317
Cdd:cd16481    2 CIICHDDLK-PDQLAKLECGHIFHKECIKQWLKEQSTCPTCRVHV 45

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae RING-H2 zinc finger protein RHA2B and similar proteins; RHA2B is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in the positive regulation of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling and responses to salt and osmotic stresses during seed germination and early seedling development. It acts additively with RHA2A in regulating ABA signaling and drought response. RHA2B contains a C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 688585495 273 CAVCIEGYQLNDVVRILPCKHVFHKMCVDPWL-NEHCTCPMCK 314
Cdd:cd23123    3 CCICLDKLKTGEEVKKLDCRHKFHKQCIEGWLkHLNFNCPLCR 45

Modified RING-CH finger, H2 subclass (C4HC2H-type), found in zinc/RING finger protein 2 (ZNRF2) and similar proteins; ZNRF2, also known as protein Ells2 or RING finger protein 202 (RNF202), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is highly expressed in the nervous system during development and is present in presynaptic plasma membranes. It is N-myrisotoylated and is also located in the endosome-lysosome compartment in fibroblasts. It contains an N-terminal MAGE domain, and a special C-terminal domain that combines a zinc finger and a modified C4HC2H-type RING-CH finger, rather than the typical C4HC3-type RING-CH finger, which is a variant of RING-H2 finger. Only the RING finger of the zinc finger-RING finger motif is required for its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Together with its sister protein ZNRF1, ZNRF2 regulates the ubiquitous Na+/K+ pump (Na+/K+ATPase).

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 688585495 269 DFNHCAVCIEGYQLNDVVRILPCKHVFHKMCVDPWLNEHCTCP 311
Cdd:cd16695    9 DAGECAICLEELQQGDTIARLPCLCIYHKGCIDEWFEVNRSCP 51

RING-like zinc finger;

                          10        20
                  ....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 688585495  273 CAVCIEGYQLNDVVRILPCKHVFHKMCV 300
Cdd:pfam17123   2 CSICLDEFKPGQALFVLPCSHVFHYKCI 29

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in autocrine motility factor receptor (AMFR) and similar proteins; AMFR, also known as AMF receptor, or RING finger protein 45, or ER-protein gp78, is an internalizing cell surface glycoprotein localized in both plasma membrane caveolae and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It is involved in the regulation of cellular adhesion, proliferation, motility and apoptosis, as well as in the process of learning and memory. AMFR also functions as a RING finger-dependent ubiquitin protein ligase (E3) implicated in the degradation from the ER. AMFR contains an N-terminal RING-H2 finger and a C-terminal ubiquitin-associated (UBA)-like CUE domain.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 688585495 271 NHCAVCIEGYqlnDVVRILPCKHVFHKMCVDPWLNEHCTCPMCK 314
Cdd:cd16455    1 DDCAICWESM---QSARKLPCGHLFHNSCLRSWLEQDTSCPTCR 41

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae increased recombination centers protein 20 (IRC20) and similar proteins; IRC20 is an uncharacterized ATP-dependent helicase that is probably involved in a pathway contributing to genomic integrity. IRC20 contains a typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 688585495 273 CAVCIEGYQLNDvvrILPCKHVFHKMCVDPWLNEHCTCPMCK 314
Cdd:cd23135    6 CSICFSEIRSGA---ILKCGHFFCLSCIASWLREKSTCPLCK 44

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger and transmembrane domain-containing protein RNFT1, RNFT2, and similar proteins; Both RNFT1 and RNFT2 are multi-pass membrane proteins containing a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger. Their biological roles remain unclear.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 688585495 273 CAVCIEGYQlndVVRILPCKHVFHKMCVDPWLNEHCTCPMCK 314
Cdd:cd16532    3 CPICQDEFK---DPVVLRCKHIFCEDCVSEWFERERTCPLCR 41

RING finger, HC subclass, found in helicase-like transcription factor (HLTF) and similar proteins; HLTF, also known as DNA-binding protein/plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 regulator, HIP116, RING finger protein 80, SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily A member 3, or sucrose nonfermenting protein 2-like 3, is a yeast RAD5 homolog found in mammals. It has both E3 ubiquitin ligase and DNA helicase activities, and plays a pivotal role in the template-switching pathway of DNA damage tolerance. It is involved in Lys-63-linked poly-ubiquitination of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) at Lys-164 and in the regulation of DNA damage tolerance. It shows double-stranded DNA translocase activity with 3'-5' polarity, thereby facilitating regression of the replication fork. HLTF contains an N-terminal HIRAN (HIP116 and RAD5 N-terminal) domain, a SWI/SNF helicase domain that is divided into N- and C-terminal parts by an insertion of a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger involved in the poly-ubiquitination of PCNA.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 688585495 273 CAVCIEgyQLNDVVrILPCKHVFHKMCVDPWL-NEHCTCPMCKLNI 317
Cdd:cd16509    6 CAICLD--SLTNPV-ITPCAHVFCRRCICEVIqREKAKCPMCRAPL 48