TABLE 6-1Estimates of the Concentrations of Nutrients in Mature Human Milk

NutrientAmount in Human MilkaNutrientAmount in Human Milka
g/liter ± SDbbµg/liter ± SD
Lactose72.0 ± 2.5Vitamin A, REd670 ± 200
Protein10.5 ± 2.0(2,230 IUe)
Fat39.0 ± 4.0Vitamin D0.55 ± 0.10
mg/liter ± SD Vitamin K2.1 ± 0.1
Calcium280 ± 26Folate85 ± 37f
Phosphorus140 ± 22Vitamin B12 0.97g,h
Magnesium35 ± 2Biotin4 ± 1
Sodium180 ± 40Iodine110 ± 40
Potassium525 ± 35Selenium20 ± 5
Chloride420 ± 60Manganese6 ± 2
Iron0.3 ± 0.1Fluoride16 ± 5
Zinc1.2 ± 0.2Chromium50 ± 5
Copper0.25 ± 0.03MolybdenumNRi
Vitamin E2.3 ± 1.0
Vitamin C40 ± 10
Thiamin0.210 ± 0.035
Riboflavin0.350 ± 0.025
Niacin1.500 ± 0.200
Vitamin B6 93 ± 8c
Pantothenic acid1.800 ± 0.200
a

Data taken from the Committee on Nutrition (1985), unless otherwise indicated. The values are representative of amounts of nutrients present in human milk; some of them may differ slightly from those reported by investigators cited in the text.

b

SD = Standard deviation.

c

From Styslinger and Kirksey (1985), a study of unsupplemented women.

d

RE = Retinol equivalents.

e

IU = International units.

f

From Brown et al. (1986a).

g

From Sandberg et al. (1981).

h

Standard deviation not reported; range 0.33 to 3.20.

i

NR = Not reported.

From: 6, Milk Composition

Cover of Nutrition During Lactation
Nutrition During Lactation.
Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Nutritional Status During Pregnancy and Lactation.
Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 1991.
Copyright © 1991 by the National Academy of Sciences.

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