Release Notes For GenBank Release 139
GBREL.TXT Genetic Sequence Data Bank
December 15 2003
NCBI-GenBank Flat File Release 139.0
Distribution Release Notes
30968418 loci, 36553368485 bases, from 30968418 reported sequences
This document describes the format and content of the flat files that
comprise releases of the GenBank nucleotide sequence database. If you
have any questions or comments about GenBank or this document, please
contact NCBI via email at info@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov or:
GenBank
National Center for Biotechnology Information
National Library of Medicine, 38A, 8N805
8600 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20894
USA
Phone: (301) 496-2475
Fax: (301) 480-9241
==========================================================================
TABLE OF CONTENTS
==========================================================================
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Release 139.0
1.2 Cutoff Date
1.3 Important Changes in Release 139.0
1.4 Upcoming Changes
1.5 Request for Direct Submission of Sequence Data
1.6 Organization of This Document
2. ORGANIZATION OF DATA FILES
2.1 Overview
2.2 Files
2.2.1 File Descriptions
2.2.5 File Sizes
2.2.6 Per-Division Statistics
2.2.7 Selected Per-Organism Statistics
2.2.8 Growth of GenBank
3. FILE FORMATS
3.1 File Header Information
3.2 Directory Files
3.2.1 Short Directory File
3.3 Index Files
3.3.1 Accession Number Index File
3.3.2 Keyword Phrase Index File
3.3.3 Author Name Index File
3.3.4 Journal Citation Index File
3.3.5 Gene Name Index
3.4 Sequence Entry Files
3.4.1 File Organization
3.4.2 Entry Organization
3.4.3 Sample Sequence Data File
3.4.4 LOCUS Format
3.4.5 DEFINITION Format
3.4.5.1 DEFINITION Format for NLM Entries
3.4.6 ACCESSION Format
3.4.7 VERSION Format
3.4.8 KEYWORDS Format
3.4.9 SEGMENT Format
3.4.10 SOURCE Format
3.4.11 REFERENCE Format
3.4.12 FEATURES Format
3.4.12.1 Feature Key Names
3.4.12.2 Feature Location
3.4.12.3 Feature Qualifiers
3.4.12.4 Cross-Reference Information
3.4.12.5 Feature Table Examples
3.4.13 ORIGIN Format
3.4.14 SEQUENCE Format
4. ALTERNATE RELEASES
5. KNOWN PROBLEMS OF THE GENBANK DATABASE
5.1 Incorrect Gene Symbols in Entries and Index
6. GENBANK ADMINISTRATION
6.1 Registered Trademark Notice
6.2 Citing GenBank
6.3 GenBank Distribution Formats and Media
6.4 Other Methods of Accessing GenBank Data
6.5 Request for Corrections and Comments
6.6 Credits and Acknowledgments
6.7 Disclaimer
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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Release 139.0
The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the National
Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health (NIH) is responsible
for producing and distributing the GenBank Sequence Database. NCBI handles
all GenBank direct submissions and authors are advised to use the address
below. Submitters are encouraged to use the free Sequin software package
for sending sequence data, or the newly developed World Wide Web submission
form. See Section 1.5 below for details.
*****************************************************************************
The address for direct submissions to GenBank is:
GenBank Submissions
National Center for Biotechnology Information
Bldg 38A, Rm. 8N-803
8600 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20894
E-MAIL: gb-sub@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Updates and changes to existing GenBank records:
E-MAIL: update@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
URL for the new GenBank submission tool - BankIt - on the World Wide Web:
http://0-www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.brum.beds.ac.uk/
(see Section 1.5 for additional details about submitting data to GenBank.)
*****************************************************************************
GenBank Release 139.0 is a release of sequence data by NCBI in the GenBank
flatfile format. GenBank is a component of a tri-partite, international
collaboration of sequence databases in the U.S., Europe, and Japan. The
collaborating databases in Europe are the European Molecular Biology Laboratory
(EMBL) at Hinxton Hall, UK, and the DNA Database of Japan (DDBJ) in Mishima,
Japan. Patent sequences are incorporated through arrangements with the
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, and via the collaborating international
databases from other international patent offices. The database is converted
to various output formats, including the Flat File and Abstract Syntax Notation 1
(ASN.1) versions. The ASN.1 and Flat File forms of the data are available at
NCBI's anonymous FTP server: ftp.ncbi.nih.gov .
1.2 Cutoff Date
This full release, 139.0, incorporates data available to the collaborating
databases as of December 19, 2003. For more recent data, users are advised to:
o Download GenBank Incremental Update (GIU) files by anonymous FTP from NCBI:
ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/ncbi-asn1/daily-nc (ASN.1 format)
ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/genbank/daily-nc (flatfile format)
Mirrors of the GenBank FTP site at the NCBI are available from the San Diego
Supercomputer Center and the University of Indiana:
ftp://genbank.sdsc.edu/pub
ftp://bio-mirror.net/biomirror/genbank/
Some users who experience slow FTP transfers of large files might realize
an improvement in transfer rates from these alternate sites when traffic at
the NCBI is high.
o Use the interactive Network-Entrez or Web-Entrez applications to query
the 'Entrez: Nucleotides' database (see Section 6.4 of this document).
1.3 Important Changes in Release 139.0
1.3.1 Organizational changes
The total number of sequence data files increased by 8 with this release:
- the EST division is now comprised of 288 files (+9)
- the PAT division is now comprised of 11 files (+1)
- the PLN division is now comprised of 10 files (+1)
- the PRI division is now comprised of 27 files (+1)
- the ROD division is now comprised of 11 files (+1)
- the HTG division is now comprised of 61 files (-1)
- the GSS division is now comprised of 98 files (-4)
Updates to a significant number of GSS sequences has resulted in a
*decrease* in the overall number of GSS sequence files, from 102
to 98.
The decrease in the number of HTG sequence files reflects the
on-going finishing of DRAFT-quality sequences.
1.3.2 WGS Accessions and Finished WGS Projects
Whole Genome Shotgun (WGS) sequences utilize an accession number format which
is different from those used for non-WGS GenBank sequences. This format is
referred to as 4 + 2 + 6, and is comprised of:
- a 4-letter WGS project code
- a 2-digit assembly-version number
- a 6 (and sometimes 7) digit sequence number
Because of their unique nature, WGS sequences are kept separate from other
GenBank products:
ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/genbank/wgs
For example, sequences *much* larger than the current 350 kbp limit can be
generated during the WGS assembly phase. In addition, there is no tracking
of nucleotide sequences from one assembly to the next. So the accessions
of one:
AAAB01000001
AAAB01000002
AAAB01000003
....
are not necessarily related in any obvious way to those of the next assembly:
AAAB02000001
AAAB02000002
AAAB02000003
....
When a WGS project is completed, it is possible that the submittors may chose
to submit a single finished WGS sequence with a 4 + 2 + 6 accession, at which
point it could appear in the non-WGS portion of GenBank.
Alternately, the submittors might chose to submit the completed genome via
a non-WGS method, in which case a de-novo non-WGS accession would be assigned.
That record would then have one or more 2 + 4 + 6 WGS accessions as
secondary accessions.
The second of these scenarios has recently occurred for one bacterial genome:
LOCUS AE017199 490885 bp DNA circular BCT 18-DEC-2003
DEFINITION Nanoarchaeum equitans Kin4-M, complete genome.
ACCESSION AE017199 AACL01000001 AACL01000000
VERSION AE017199.1 GI:40068520
Both scenarios will become increasingly frequent, especially after the 350 kbp
sequence length restriction is lifted (see Section 1.4.1). So users should be
aware that WGS accessions can be encountered in the non-WGS portion of GenBank,
as primary *or* secondary accession numbers.
1.3.3 GSS File Header Problem
GSS sequences at GenBank are maintained in one of two different systems,
depending on their origin. One recent change to release processing involves
the parallelization of the dumps from those systems. Because the second dump
(for example) has no prior knowledge of exactly how many GSS files will be
dumped from the first, it doesn't know how to number it's own output files.
There is thus a discrepancy between the filenames and file headers of twelve
GSS flatfiles in Release 139.0. Consider the gbgss87.seq file:
GBGSS1.SEQ Genetic Sequence Data Bank
December 15 2003
NCBI-GenBank Flat File Release 139.0
GSS Sequences (Part 1)
87880 loci, 66457089 bases, from 87880 reported sequences
Here, the filename and part number in the header is "1", though the file
has been renamed as "87" based on the files dumped from the other system.
We will work to resolve this discrepancy in future releases, but the
priority is certainly much lower than many other tasks.
1.4 Upcoming Changes
1.4.1 **Sequence Length Limitation To Be Removed In June 2004**
At the May 2003 collaborative meeting among representatives of GenBank,
EMBL, and DDBJ, it was decided that the 350 kilobase limit on the sequence
length of database records will be removed as of June 2004.
Individual, complete sequences are currently expected to be a maximum
of 350 kbp in length. One major reason for the existence of this limit is
as an aid to users of sequence analysis software, some of which might not
be capable of processing megabase-scale sequences.
However, very significant exceptions to the 350 kbp limit have existed
for several years; Phase 1 (unordered, unoriented) and Phase 2 (ordered,
oriented) high-throughput genomic sequences (HTGS) generated by efforts
such as the Human Genome Project; large dispersed eukaryotic genes with
an intron/exon structure that spans more than 350 kbp; and sequences
which result from assemblies of Whole Genome Shotgun (WGS) project data.
Given these exceptions, and the technological advances which have made
large-scale sequencing practical for an increasing number of researchers,
the collaboration has decided that the 350 kbp limit must be removed.
As of June 2004, the length of database sequences will be limited only
by the natural structures of an organism's genome. For example, a single
record might be used to represent all of human chromosome 1, which is
approximately 245 Mbp in length.
Software developers for some of the larger commercial sequence analysis
packages were recently asked what timeframe would be appropriate for this
change. Answers ranged from "immediately", to "several months", to "one year".
So the one-year timeframe was selected, to provide ample time to implement
changes which megabase-scale sequences may require.
Some sample records with very large sequences have been made available
so that developers can begin to test their software modifications:
ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/genbank/LargeSeqs
Many changes are expected after the removal of the length limit. For
example, complete bacterial genomes (typically on the order of several
megabases) will be re-assembled into single sequence records. The submission
process for such genomes will become much more streamlined, since database
staff will no longer have to split the genomes into pieces. BLAST services
will be enchanced, so that hits reported within very large sequences will
be presented in a meaningful context.
All such changes will be discussed more fully in future release notes,
the NCBI newsletter, and the GenBank newsgroup.
1.4.2 Filename change : genpept.fsa
A companion file is made available with every GenBank Release that contains
all of the protein sequences, in FASTA format, for the coding regions annotated
on GenBank records:
ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/genbank/genpept.fsa.gz
The term 'GenPept' has been used for purely historical reasons. But in
fact, GenPept is the name of a (non-FASTA) flatfile format for protein sequences,
one that closely parallels the GenBank flatfile format for DNA sequences.
As of Release 140.0 in February 2004, the name of this file will be
changed to:
gb_NNN.aa_fsa.gz
where 'NNN' represents the GenBank release number (eg, '140') and 'aa_fsa'
signifies 'protein FASTA' .
1.5 Request for Direct Submission of Sequence Data
A successful GenBank requires that sequence data enter the database as
soon as possible after publication, that the annotations be as complete as
possible, and that the sequence and annotation data be accurate. All
three of these requirements are best met if authors of sequence data
submit their data directly to GenBank in a usable form. It is especially
important that these submissions be in computer-readable form.
GenBank must rely on direct author submission of data to ensure that
it achieves its goals of completeness, accuracy, and timeliness. To
assist researchers in entering their own sequence data, GenBank
provides a WWW submission tool called BankIt, as well as a stand-alone
software package called Sequin. BankIt and Sequin are both easy-to-use
programs that enable authors to enter a sequence, annotate it, and
submit it to GenBank. Through the international collaboration of DNA
sequence databases, GenBank submissions are forwarded daily for inclusion
in the EMBL and DDBJ databases.
SEQUIN. Sequin is an interactive, graphically-oriented program based
on screen forms and controlled vocabularies that guides you through the
process of entering your sequence and providing biological and
bibliographic annotation. Sequin is designed to simplify the sequence submission
process, and to provide increased data handling capabilities to accomodate
very long sequences, complex annotations, and robust error checking. E-mail
the completed submission file to : gb-sub@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Sequin is provided for Macintosh, PC/Windows, UNIX and VMS computers.
It is available by annonymous ftp from ftp.ncbi.nih.gov; login as
anonymous and use your e-mail address as the password. It is located in
the sequin directory. Or direct your web browser to this URL:
ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/sequin
BANKIT. BankIt provides a simple forms approach for submitting your
sequence and descriptive information to GenBank. Your submission will
be submitted directly to GenBank via the World Wide Web, and
immediately forwarded for inclusion in the EMBL and DDBJ databases.
BankIt may be used with Netscape, Internet Explorer, and other common
WWW clients. You can access BankIt from GenBank's home page:
http://0-www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.brum.beds.ac.uk/
AUTHORIN. Authorin sequence submissions are no longer accepted by
GenBank, and the Authorin application is no longer distributed by NCBI.
If you have questions about GenBank submissions or any of the data
submission tools, contact NCBI at: info@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov or 301-496-2475.
1.6 Organization of This Document
The second section describes the contents of GenBank releases. The third
section illustrates the formats of the flat files. The fourth section
describes other versions of the data, the fifth section identifies known prob-
lems, and the sixth contains administrative details.
2. ORGANIZATION OF DATA FILES
2.1 Overview
GenBank releases consist of a set of ASCII text files, most of which
contain sequence data. A few supplemental "index" files are also supplied,
containing comprehensive lists of author names, journal citations,
gene names, and keywords, along with the accession numbers of the records
in which they can be found (see Section 3.3). The line-lengths of
these files is variable.
2.2 Files
This GenBank flat file release consists of 570 files. The lists
that follow describe each of the files included in the distribution.
Their sizes and base pair content are also summarized.
2.2.1 File Descriptions
1. gbrel.txt - Release notes (this document).
2. gbsdr.txt - Short directory of the data bank.
3. gbacc.idx - Index of the entries according to accession number.
4. gbkey.idx - Index of the entries according to keyword phrase.
5. gbaut1.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 1.
6. gbaut2.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 2.
7. gbaut3.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 3.
8. gbaut4.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 4.
9. gbaut5.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 5.
10. gbaut6.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 6.
11. gbaut7.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 7.
12. gbaut8.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 8.
13. gbaut9.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 9.
14. gbaut10.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 10.
15. gbaut11.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 11.
16. gbaut12.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 12.
17. gbaut13.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 13.
18. gbaut14.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 14.
19. gbaut15.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 15.
20. gbaut16.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 16.
21. gbaut17.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 17.
22. gbaut18.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 18.
23. gbaut19.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 19.
24. gbaut20.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 20.
25. gbaut21.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 21.
26. gbaut22.idx - Index of the entries according to author, part 22.
27. gbjou.idx - Index of the entries according to journal citation.
28. gbgen.idx - Index of the entries according to gene names.
29. gbsec.idx - Index of the entries according to secondary accession number.
30. gbpri1.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 1.
31. gbpri2.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 2.
32. gbpri3.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 3.
33. gbpri4.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 4.
34. gbpri5.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 5.
35. gbpri6.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 6.
36. gbpri7.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 7.
37. gbpri8.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 8.
38. gbpri9.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 9.
39. gbpri10.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 10.
40. gbpri11.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 11.
41. gbpri12.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 12.
42. gbpri13.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 13.
43. gbpri14.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 14.
44. gbpri15.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 15.
45. gbpri16.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 16.
46. gbpri17.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 17.
47. gbpri18.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 18.
48. gbpri19.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 19.
49. gbpri20.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 20.
50. gbpri21.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 21.
51. gbpri22.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 22.
52. gbpri23.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 23.
53. gbpri24.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 24.
54. gbpri25.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 25.
55. gbpri26.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 26.
56. gbpri27.seq - Primate sequence entries, part 27.
57. gbrod1.seq - Rodent sequence entries, part 1.
58. gbrod2.seq - Rodent sequence entries, part 2.
59. gbrod3.seq - Rodent sequence entries, part 3.
60. gbrod4.seq - Rodent sequence entries, part 4.
61. gbrod5.seq - Rodent sequence entries, part 5.
62. gbrod6.seq - Rodent sequence entries, part 6.
63. gbrod7.seq - Rodent sequence entries, part 7.
64. gbrod8.seq - Rodent sequence entries, part 8.
65. gbrod9.seq - Rodent sequence entries, part 9.
66. gbrod10.seq - Rodent sequence entries, part 10.
67. gbrod11.seq - Rodent sequence entries, part 11.
68. gbmam.seq - Other mammalian sequence entries.
69. gbvrt1.seq - Other vertebrate sequence entries, part 1.
70. gbvrt2.seq - Other vertebrate sequence entries, part 2.
71. gbvrt3.seq - Other vertebrate sequence entries, part 3.
72. gbvrt4.seq - Other vertebrate sequence entries, part 4.
73. gbinv1.seq - Invertebrate sequence entries, part 1.
74. gbinv2.seq - Invertebrate sequence entries, part 2.
75. gbinv3.seq - Invertebrate sequence entries, part 3.
76. gbinv4.seq - Invertebrate sequence entries, part 4.
77. gbinv5.seq - Invertebrate sequence entries, part 5.
78. gbinv6.seq - Invertebrate sequence entries, part 6.
79. gbpln1.seq - Plant sequence entries (including fungi and algae), part 1.
80. gbpln2.seq - Plant sequence entries (including fungi and algae), part 2.
81. gbpln3.seq - Plant sequence entries (including fungi and algae), part 3.
82. gbpln4.seq - Plant sequence entries (including fungi and algae), part 4.
83. gbpln5.seq - Plant sequence entries (including fungi and algae), part 5.
84. gbpln6.seq - Plant sequence entries (including fungi and algae), part 6.
85. gbpln7.seq - Plant sequence entries (including fungi and algae), part 7.
86. gbpln8.seq - Plant sequence entries (including fungi and algae), part 8.
87. gbpln9.seq - Plant sequence entries (including fungi and algae), part 9.
88. gbpln10.seq - Plant sequence entries (including fungi and algae), part 10.
89. gbbct1.seq - Bacterial sequence entries, part 1.
90. gbbct2.seq - Bacterial sequence entries, part 2.
91. gbbct3.seq - Bacterial sequence entries, part 3.
92. gbbct4.seq - Bacterial sequence entries, part 4.
93. gbbct5.seq - Bacterial sequence entries, part 5.
94. gbbct6.seq - Bacterial sequence entries, part 6.
95. gbbct7.seq - Bacterial sequence entries, part 7.
96. gbbct8.seq - Bacterial sequence entries, part 8.
97. gbvrl1.seq - Viral sequence entries, part 1.
98. gbvrl2.seq - Viral sequence entries, part 2.
99. gbvrl3.seq - Viral sequence entries, part 3.
100. gbphg.seq - Phage sequence entries.
101. gbsyn.seq - Synthetic and chimeric sequence entries.
102. gbuna.seq - Unannotated sequence entries.
103. gbest1.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 1.
104. gbest2.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 2.
105. gbest3.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 3.
106. gbest4.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 4.
107. gbest5.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 5.
108. gbest6.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 6.
109. gbest7.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 7.
110. gbest8.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 8.
111. gbest9.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 9.
112. gbest10.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 10.
113. gbest11.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 11.
114. gbest12.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 12.
115. gbest13.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 13.
116. gbest14.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 14.
117. gbest15.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 15.
118. gbest16.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 16.
119. gbest17.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 17.
120. gbest18.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 18.
121. gbest19.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 19.
122. gbest20.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 20.
123. gbest21.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 21.
124. gbest22.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 22.
125. gbest23.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 23.
126. gbest24.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 24.
127. gbest25.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 25.
128. gbest26.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 26.
129. gbest27.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 27.
130. gbest28.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 28.
131. gbest29.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 29.
132. gbest30.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 30.
133. gbest31.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 31.
134. gbest32.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 32.
135. gbest33.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 33.
136. gbest34.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 34.
137. gbest35.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 35.
138. gbest36.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 36.
139. gbest37.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 37.
140. gbest38.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 38.
141. gbest39.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 39.
142. gbest40.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 40.
143. gbest41.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 41.
144. gbest42.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 42.
145. gbest43.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 43.
146. gbest44.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 44.
147. gbest45.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 45.
148. gbest46.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 46.
149. gbest47.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 47.
150. gbest48.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 48.
151. gbest49.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 49.
152. gbest50.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 50.
153. gbest51.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 51.
154. gbest52.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 52.
155. gbest53.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 53.
156. gbest54.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 54.
157. gbest55.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 55.
158. gbest56.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 56.
159. gbest57.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 57.
160. gbest58.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 58.
161. gbest59.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 59.
162. gbest60.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 60.
163. gbest61.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 61.
164. gbest62.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 62.
165. gbest63.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 63.
166. gbest64.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 64.
167. gbest65.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 65.
168. gbest66.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 66.
169. gbest67.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 67.
170. gbest68.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 68.
171. gbest69.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 69.
172. gbest70.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 70.
173. gbest71.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 71.
174. gbest72.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 72.
175. gbest73.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 73.
176. gbest74.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 74.
177. gbest75.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 75.
178. gbest76.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 76.
179. gbest77.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 77.
180. gbest78.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 78.
181. gbest79.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 79.
182. gbest80.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 80.
183. gbest81.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 81.
184. gbest82.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 82.
185. gbest83.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 83.
186. gbest84.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 84.
187. gbest85.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 85.
188. gbest86.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 86.
189. gbest87.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 87.
190. gbest88.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 88.
191. gbest89.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 89
192. gbest90.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 90.
193. gbest91.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 91.
194. gbest92.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 92.
195. gbest93.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 93.
196. gbest94.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 94.
197. gbest95.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 95.
198. gbest96.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 96.
199. gbest97.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 97.
200. gbest98.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 98.
201. gbest99.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 99.
202. gbest100.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 100.
203. gbest101.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 101.
204. gbest102.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 102.
205. gbest103.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 103.
206. gbest104.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 104.
207. gbest105.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 105.
208. gbest106.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 106.
209. gbest107.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 107.
210. gbest108.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 108.
211. gbest109.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 109.
212. gbest110.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 110.
213. gbest111.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 111.
214. gbest112.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 112.
215. gbest113.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 113.
216. gbest114.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 114.
217. gbest115.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 115.
218. gbest116.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 116.
219. gbest117.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 117.
220. gbest118.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 118.
221. gbest119.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 119.
222. gbest120.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 120.
223. gbest121.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 121.
224. gbest122.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 122.
225. gbest123.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 123.
226. gbest124.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 124.
227. gbest125.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 125.
228. gbest126.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 126.
229. gbest127.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 127.
230. gbest128.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 128.
231. gbest129.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 129.
232. gbest130.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 130.
233. gbest131.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 131.
234. gbest132.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 132.
235. gbest133.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 133.
236. gbest134.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 134.
237. gbest135.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 135.
238. gbest136.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 136.
239. gbest137.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 137.
240. gbest138.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 138.
241. gbest139.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 139.
242. gbest140.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 140.
243. gbest141.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 141.
244. gbest142.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 142.
245. gbest143.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 143.
246. gbest144.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 144.
247. gbest145.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 145.
248. gbest146.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 146.
249. gbest147.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 147.
250. gbest148.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 148.
251. gbest149.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 149.
252. gbest150.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 150.
253. gbest151.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 151.
254. gbest152.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 152.
255. gbest153.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 153.
256. gbest154.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 154.
257. gbest155.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 155.
258. gbest156.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 156.
259. gbest157.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 157.
260. gbest158.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 158.
261. gbest159.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 159.
262. gbest160.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 160.
263. gbest161.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 161.
264. gbest162.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 162.
265. gbest163.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 163.
266. gbest164.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 164.
267. gbest165.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 165.
268. gbest166.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 166.
269. gbest167.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 167.
270. gbest168.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 168.
271. gbest169.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 169.
272. gbest170.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 170.
273. gbest171.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 171.
274. gbest172.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 172.
275. gbest173.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 173.
276. gbest174.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 174.
277. gbest175.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 175.
278. gbest176.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 176.
279. gbest177.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 177.
280. gbest178.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 178.
281. gbest179.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 179.
282. gbest180.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 180.
283. gbest181.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 181.
284. gbest182.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 182.
285. gbest183.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 183.
286. gbest184.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 184.
287. gbest185.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 185.
288. gbest186.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 186.
289. gbest187.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 187.
290. gbest188.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 188.
291. gbest189.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 189.
292. gbest190.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 190.
293. gbest191.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 191.
294. gbest192.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 192.
295. gbest193.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 193.
296. gbest194.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 194.
297. gbest195.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 195.
298. gbest196.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 196.
299. gbest197.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 197.
300. gbest198.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 198.
301. gbest199.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 199.
302. gbest200.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 200.
303. gbest201.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 201.
304. gbest202.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 202.
305. gbest203.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 203.
306. gbest204.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 204.
307. gbest205.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 205.
308. gbest206.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 206.
309. gbest207.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 207.
310. gbest208.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 208.
311. gbest209.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 209.
312. gbest210.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 210.
313. gbest211.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 211.
314. gbest212.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 212.
315. gbest213.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 213.
316. gbest214.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 214.
317. gbest215.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 215.
318. gbest216.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 216.
319. gbest217.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 217.
320. gbest218.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 218.
321. gbest219.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 219.
322. gbest220.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 220.
323. gbest221.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 221.
324. gbest222.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 222.
325. gbest223.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 223.
326. gbest224.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 224.
327. gbest225.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 225.
328. gbest226.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 226.
329. gbest227.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 227.
330. gbest228.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 228.
331. gbest229.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 229.
332. gbest230.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 230.
333. gbest231.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 231.
334. gbest232.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 232.
335. gbest233.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 233.
336. gbest234.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 234.
337. gbest235.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 235.
338. gbest236.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 236.
339. gbest237.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 237.
340. gbest238.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 238.
341. gbest239.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 239.
342. gbest240.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 240.
343. gbest241.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 241.
344. gbest242.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 242.
345. gbest243.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 243.
346. gbest244.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 244.
347. gbest245.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 245.
348. gbest246.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 246.
349. gbest247.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 247.
350. gbest248.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 248.
351. gbest249.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 249.
352. gbest250.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 250.
353. gbest251.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 251.
354. gbest252.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 252.
355. gbest253.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 253.
356. gbest254.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 254.
357. gbest255.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 255.
358. gbest256.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 256.
359. gbest257.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 257.
360. gbest258.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 258.
361. gbest259.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 259.
362. gbest260.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 260.
363. gbest261.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 261.
364. gbest262.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 262.
365. gbest263.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 263.
366. gbest264.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 264.
367. gbest265.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 265.
368. gbest266.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 266.
369. gbest267.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 267.
370. gbest268.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 268.
371. gbest269.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 269.
372. gbest270.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 270.
373. gbest271.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 271.
374. gbest272.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 272.
375. gbest273.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 273.
376. gbest274.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 274.
377. gbest275.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 275.
378. gbest276.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 276.
379. gbest277.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 277.
380. gbest278.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 278.
381. gbest279.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 279.
382. gbest280.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 280.
383. gbest281.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 281.
384. gbest282.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 282.
385. gbest283.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 283.
386. gbest284.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 284.
387. gbest285.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 285.
388. gbest286.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 286.
389. gbest287.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 287.
390. gbest288.seq - EST (expressed sequence tag) sequence entries, part 288.
391. gbpat1.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 1.
392. gbpat2.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 2.
393. gbpat3.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 3.
394. gbpat4.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 4.
395. gbpat5.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 5.
396. gbpat6.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 6.
397. gbpat7.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 7.
398. gbpat8.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 8.
399. gbpat9.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 9.
400. gbpat10.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 10.
401. gbpat11.seq - Patent sequence entries, part 11.
402. gbsts1.seq - STS (sequence tagged site) sequence entries, part 1.
403. gbsts2.seq - STS (sequence tagged site) sequence entries, part 2.
404. gbsts3.seq - STS (sequence tagged site) sequence entries, part 3.
405. gbgss1.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 1.
406. gbgss2.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 2.
407. gbgss3.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 3.
408. gbgss4.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 4.
409. gbgss5.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 5.
410. gbgss6.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 6.
411. gbgss7.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 7.
412. gbgss8.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 8.
413. gbgss9.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 9.
414. gbgss10.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 10.
415. gbgss11.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 11.
416. gbgss12.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 12.
417. gbgss13.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 13.
418. gbgss14.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 14.
419. gbgss15.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 15.
420. gbgss16.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 16.
421. gbgss17.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 17.
422. gbgss18.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 18.
423. gbgss19.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 19.
424. gbgss20.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 20.
425. gbgss21.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 21.
426. gbgss22.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 22.
427. gbgss23.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 23.
428. gbgss24.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 24.
429. gbgss25.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 25.
430. gbgss26.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 26.
431. gbgss27.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 27.
432. gbgss28.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 28.
433. gbgss29.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 29.
434. gbgss30.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 30.
435. gbgss31.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 31.
436. gbgss32.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 32.
437. gbgss33.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 33.
438. gbgss34.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 34.
439. gbgss35.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 35.
440. gbgss36.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 36.
441. gbgss37.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 37.
442. gbgss38.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 38.
443. gbgss39.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 39.
444. gbgss40.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 40.
445. gbgss41.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 41.
446. gbgss42.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 42.
447. gbgss43.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 43.
448. gbgss44.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 44.
449. gbgss45.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 45.
450. gbgss46.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 46.
451. gbgss47.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 47.
452. gbgss48.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 48.
453. gbgss49.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 49.
454. gbgss50.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 50.
455. gbgss51.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 51.
456. gbgss52.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 52.
457. gbgss53.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 53.
458. gbgss54.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 54.
459. gbgss55.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 55.
460. gbgss56.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 56.
461. gbgss57.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 57.
462. gbgss58.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 58.
463. gbgss59.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 59.
464. gbgss60.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 60.
465. gbgss61.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 61.
466. gbgss62.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 62.
467. gbgss63.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 63.
468. gbgss64.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 64.
469. gbgss65.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 65.
470. gbgss66.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 66.
471. gbgss67.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 67.
472. gbgss68.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 68.
473. gbgss69.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 69.
474. gbgss70.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 70.
475. gbgss71.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 71.
476. gbgss72.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 72.
477. gbgss73.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 73.
478. gbgss74.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 74.
479. gbgss75.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 75.
480. gbgss76.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 76.
481. gbgss77.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 77.
482. gbgss78.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 78.
483. gbgss79.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 79.
484. gbgss80.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 80.
485. gbgss81.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 81.
486. gbgss82.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 82.
487. gbgss83.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 83.
488. gbgss84.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 84.
489. gbgss85.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 85.
490. gbgss86.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 86.
491. gbgss87.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 87.
492. gbgss88.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 88.
493. gbgss89.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 89.
494. gbgss90.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 90.
495. gbgss91.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 91.
496. gbgss92.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 92.
497. gbgss93.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 93.
498. gbgss94.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 94.
499. gbgss95.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 95.
500. gbgss96.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 96.
501. gbgss97.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 97.
502. gbgss98.seq - GSS (genome survey sequence) sequence entries, part 98.
503. gbhtg1.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 1.
504. gbhtg2.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 2.
505. gbhtg3.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 3.
506. gbhtg4.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 4.
507. gbhtg5.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 5.
508. gbhtg6.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 6.
509. gbhtg7.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 7.
510. gbhtg8.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 8.
511. gbhtg9.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 9.
512. gbhtg10.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 10.
513. gbhtg11.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 11.
514. gbhtg12.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 12.
515. gbhtg13.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 13.
516. gbhtg14.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 14.
517. gbhtg15.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 15.
518. gbhtg16.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 16.
519. gbhtg17.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 17.
520. gbhtg18.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 18.
521. gbhtg19.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 19.
522. gbhtg20.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 20.
523. gbhtg21.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 21.
524. gbhtg22.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 22.
525. gbhtg23.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 23.
526. gbhtg24.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 24.
527. gbhtg25.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 25.
528. gbhtg26.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 26.
529. gbhtg27.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 27.
530. gbhtg28.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 28.
531. gbhtg29.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 29.
532. gbhtg30.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 30.
533. gbhtg31.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 31.
534. gbhtg32.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 32.
535. gbhtg33.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 33.
536. gbhtg34.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 34.
537. gbhtg35.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 35.
538. gbhtg36.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 36.
539. gbhtg37.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 37.
540. gbhtg38.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 38.
541. gbhtg39.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 39.
542. gbhtg40.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 40.
543. gbhtg41.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 41.
544. gbhtg42.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 42.
545. gbhtg43.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 43.
546. gbhtg44.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 44.
547. gbhtg45.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 45.
548. gbhtg46.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 46.
549. gbhtg47.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 47.
550. gbhtg48.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 48.
551. gbhtg49.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 49.
552. gbhtg50.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 50.
553. gbhtg51.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 51.
554. gbhtg52.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 52.
555. gbhtg53.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 53.
556. gbhtg54.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 54.
557. gbhtg55.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 55.
558. gbhtg56.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 56.
559. gbhtg57.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 57.
560. gbhtg58.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 58.
561. gbhtg59.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 59.
562. gbhtg60.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 60.
563. gbhtg61.seq - HTGS (high throughput genomic sequencing) sequence entries, part 61.
564. gbhtc1.seq - HTC (high throughput cDNA sequencing) entries, part 1.
565. gbhtc2.seq - HTC (high throughput cDNA sequencing) entries, part 2.
566. gbhtc3.seq - HTC (high throughput cDNA sequencing) entries, part 3.
567. gbcon.seq - CON division entries (see description below for details)
568. gbchg.txt - Accession numbers of entries updated since the previous release.
569. gbdel.txt - Accession numbers of entries deleted since the previous release.
570. gbnew.txt - Accession numbers of entries new since the previous release.
The gbcon.seq data file provides an alternative representation for complex
sequences, such as segmented sets and complete-genomes that have been split
into pieces. These "CON" records do not contain sequence data; they utilize
a CONTIG linetype with a join() statement which describes how the component
sequences can be assembled to form the larger sequence. The contents of the
CON division are not reflected in the 'index', 'new', 'chg', and 'del' files
that accompany GenBank releases, nor in release statistics (Sections 2.2.6,
2.2.7, and 2.2.8). The GenBank README describes the CON division of GenBank
in more detail:
ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/genbank/README.genbank
2.2.5 File Sizes
Uncompressed, the Release 139.0 flatfiles require roughly 122 GB (sequence
files only) or 138 GB (including the 'short directory', 'index' and the
*.txt files). The following table contains the approximate sizes of the
individual files in this release. Since minor changes to some of the files
might have occurred after these release notes were written, these sizes should
not be used to determine file integrity; they are provided as an aid to
planning only.
File Size File Name
250006063 gbbct1.seq
250300558 gbbct2.seq
250000268 gbbct3.seq
250545610 gbbct4.seq
250000919 gbbct5.seq
250300895 gbbct6.seq
250001777 gbbct7.seq
140629630 gbbct8.seq
230689215 gbest1.seq
230689337 gbest10.seq
230689413 gbest100.seq
230690818 gbest101.seq
230690004 gbest102.seq
230690048 gbest103.seq
230688732 gbest104.seq
230689816 gbest105.seq
230689885 gbest106.seq
230471654 gbest107.seq
230687592 gbest108.seq
230690507 gbest109.seq
230689755 gbest11.seq
230689216 gbest110.seq
230688727 gbest111.seq
230689910 gbest112.seq
230689308 gbest113.seq
230688965 gbest114.seq
230687786 gbest115.seq
230688420 gbest116.seq
230688794 gbest117.seq
230688630 gbest118.seq
230689897 gbest119.seq
230689538 gbest12.seq
230689741 gbest120.seq
230690259 gbest121.seq
227386065 gbest122.seq
230688987 gbest123.seq
230687970 gbest124.seq
230687843 gbest125.seq
230688353 gbest126.seq
230690899 gbest127.seq
230687885 gbest128.seq
230688640 gbest129.seq
230688516 gbest13.seq
230690464 gbest130.seq
230689539 gbest131.seq
230688373 gbest132.seq
230690038 gbest133.seq
230689466 gbest134.seq
230689280 gbest135.seq
230688038 gbest136.seq
230688021 gbest137.seq
230689225 gbest138.seq
230687668 gbest139.seq
230690305 gbest14.seq
230689041 gbest140.seq
230688123 gbest141.seq
230688135 gbest142.seq
230687674 gbest143.seq
230687815 gbest144.seq
230689936 gbest145.seq
230689526 gbest146.seq
230690234 gbest147.seq
230689936 gbest148.seq
230689435 gbest149.seq
230687482 gbest15.seq
230690033 gbest150.seq
230688337 gbest151.seq
230687954 gbest152.seq
230690490 gbest153.seq
230689499 gbest154.seq
230689598 gbest155.seq
230688536 gbest156.seq
230687817 gbest157.seq
230689365 gbest158.seq
230688008 gbest159.seq
230689681 gbest16.seq
230689359 gbest160.seq
230690397 gbest161.seq
230688727 gbest162.seq
230688614 gbest163.seq
230689536 gbest164.seq
230690680 gbest165.seq
230690223 gbest166.seq
230688880 gbest167.seq
230689615 gbest168.seq
230688882 gbest169.seq
230687854 gbest17.seq
230689870 gbest170.seq
230687506 gbest171.seq
230689918 gbest172.seq
230688985 gbest173.seq
230688029 gbest174.seq
230689210 gbest175.seq
230688021 gbest176.seq
230687588 gbest177.seq
230689743 gbest178.seq
230690491 gbest179.seq
230689334 gbest18.seq
230687925 gbest180.seq
230692096 gbest181.seq
230690430 gbest182.seq
230690296 gbest183.seq
230687876 gbest184.seq
230689187 gbest185.seq
230687492 gbest186.seq
230689098 gbest187.seq
230688433 gbest188.seq
230688751 gbest189.seq
230688044 gbest19.seq
230689004 gbest190.seq
230688167 gbest191.seq
230689399 gbest192.seq
230687694 gbest193.seq
230688569 gbest194.seq
230688723 gbest195.seq
230688915 gbest196.seq
230688537 gbest197.seq
182887227 gbest198.seq
162781913 gbest199.seq
230689481 gbest2.seq
230688911 gbest20.seq
164579892 gbest200.seq
171249428 gbest201.seq
170057136 gbest202.seq
163628472 gbest203.seq
165291153 gbest204.seq
164854113 gbest205.seq
164291070 gbest206.seq
164799143 gbest207.seq
164292460 gbest208.seq
164366770 gbest209.seq
230691097 gbest21.seq
163139364 gbest210.seq
168455927 gbest211.seq
162565128 gbest212.seq
163457088 gbest213.seq
167703005 gbest214.seq
167784785 gbest215.seq
166057687 gbest216.seq
165914389 gbest217.seq
165545769 gbest218.seq
165360467 gbest219.seq
230688777 gbest22.seq
164467500 gbest220.seq
164429059 gbest221.seq
165386851 gbest222.seq
165645870 gbest223.seq
180991305 gbest224.seq
172051519 gbest225.seq
191048622 gbest226.seq
230687664 gbest227.seq
230690547 gbest228.seq
230687769 gbest229.seq
230689482 gbest23.seq
230687642 gbest230.seq
230688561 gbest231.seq
230689195 gbest232.seq
230690905 gbest233.seq
230690028 gbest234.seq
230689396 gbest235.seq
230688176 gbest236.seq
230689046 gbest237.seq
230687623 gbest238.seq
230688646 gbest239.seq
230689806 gbest24.seq
230689003 gbest240.seq
230687733 gbest241.seq
230689375 gbest242.seq
230688099 gbest243.seq
230689273 gbest244.seq
230690410 gbest245.seq
230689065 gbest246.seq
230688210 gbest247.seq
230689345 gbest248.seq
230688710 gbest249.seq
230689492 gbest25.seq
230690407 gbest250.seq
230689253 gbest251.seq
230690689 gbest252.seq
230689187 gbest253.seq
215755617 gbest254.seq
206864880 gbest255.seq
230689998 gbest256.seq
230689687 gbest257.seq
230690230 gbest258.seq
230688111 gbest259.seq
230688183 gbest26.seq
230691134 gbest260.seq
230687570 gbest261.seq
230687863 gbest262.seq
230688441 gbest263.seq
230688804 gbest264.seq
230687916 gbest265.seq
230688200 gbest266.seq
230689054 gbest267.seq
230688453 gbest268.seq
230688125 gbest269.seq
230687856 gbest27.seq
230688385 gbest270.seq
230689691 gbest271.seq
230689600 gbest272.seq
230689316 gbest273.seq
230690528 gbest274.seq
230687989 gbest275.seq
230688414 gbest276.seq
230688946 gbest277.seq
230688981 gbest278.seq
230689904 gbest279.seq
230688774 gbest28.seq
230689190 gbest280.seq
230690611 gbest281.seq
230689840 gbest282.seq
230688770 gbest283.seq
230690161 gbest284.seq
230689604 gbest285.seq
228922116 gbest286.seq
230689636 gbest287.seq
110068416 gbest288.seq
230688903 gbest29.seq
230689555 gbest3.seq
230688452 gbest30.seq
230689061 gbest31.seq
230687986 gbest32.seq
230687475 gbest33.seq
230689393 gbest34.seq
230689132 gbest35.seq
219831654 gbest36.seq
191000458 gbest37.seq
191066784 gbest38.seq
217458839 gbest39.seq
230687893 gbest4.seq
216114605 gbest40.seq
215865489 gbest41.seq
216826611 gbest42.seq
230689215 gbest43.seq
230687826 gbest44.seq
221152300 gbest45.seq
230689323 gbest46.seq
230689759 gbest47.seq
230689957 gbest48.seq
230688163 gbest49.seq
163953101 gbest5.seq
230688016 gbest50.seq
230687507 gbest51.seq
230688246 gbest52.seq
230689499 gbest53.seq
230688033 gbest54.seq
230688380 gbest55.seq
230688940 gbest56.seq
230691538 gbest57.seq
230688274 gbest58.seq
230688693 gbest59.seq
180627895 gbest6.seq
230688987 gbest60.seq
228408426 gbest61.seq
209721585 gbest62.seq
209056234 gbest63.seq
208758953 gbest64.seq
209081321 gbest65.seq
210334307 gbest66.seq
209639776 gbest67.seq
208429821 gbest68.seq
209491508 gbest69.seq
230688387 gbest7.seq
210378169 gbest70.seq
206013265 gbest71.seq
206869956 gbest72.seq
207980746 gbest73.seq
208363776 gbest74.seq
216532936 gbest75.seq
230688554 gbest76.seq
230687943 gbest77.seq
230690681 gbest78.seq
214987369 gbest79.seq
230687664 gbest8.seq
214787179 gbest80.seq
217176379 gbest81.seq
230688571 gbest82.seq
230688033 gbest83.seq
230687593 gbest84.seq
230687751 gbest85.seq
230688242 gbest86.seq
230690297 gbest87.seq
230690299 gbest88.seq
230688959 gbest89.seq
230689042 gbest9.seq
230689950 gbest90.seq
230689223 gbest91.seq
230690370 gbest92.seq
230688621 gbest93.seq
230690896 gbest94.seq
230689447 gbest95.seq
230690181 gbest96.seq
230690779 gbest97.seq
230687513 gbest98.seq
230690177 gbest99.seq
230688043 gbgss1.seq
230688142 gbgss10.seq
230688992 gbgss11.seq
230687493 gbgss12.seq
230690270 gbgss13.seq
230690054 gbgss14.seq
230689860 gbgss15.seq
230689442 gbgss16.seq
230688334 gbgss17.seq
230688247 gbgss18.seq
230688473 gbgss19.seq
230689845 gbgss2.seq
230690098 gbgss20.seq
230687629 gbgss21.seq
230690126 gbgss22.seq
230689189 gbgss23.seq
230689063 gbgss24.seq
230690864 gbgss25.seq
230688874 gbgss26.seq
230687909 gbgss27.seq
230688409 gbgss28.seq
230689769 gbgss29.seq
230687456 gbgss3.seq
230689089 gbgss30.seq
230689234 gbgss31.seq
230688509 gbgss32.seq
230688224 gbgss33.seq
230688282 gbgss34.seq
230688217 gbgss35.seq
230688209 gbgss36.seq
230689041 gbgss37.seq
230687677 gbgss38.seq
230688684 gbgss39.seq
230688361 gbgss4.seq
230688597 gbgss40.seq
230687472 gbgss41.seq
230689367 gbgss42.seq
230690184 gbgss43.seq
230688307 gbgss44.seq
230689515 gbgss45.seq
230687904 gbgss46.seq
230690100 gbgss47.seq
230688426 gbgss48.seq
230688163 gbgss49.seq
230689050 gbgss5.seq
230687794 gbgss50.seq
230689480 gbgss51.seq
230687464 gbgss52.seq
230688772 gbgss53.seq
230689010 gbgss54.seq
230687463 gbgss55.seq
230688225 gbgss56.seq
230690221 gbgss57.seq
230688067 gbgss58.seq
230690285 gbgss59.seq
230689236 gbgss6.seq
230688815 gbgss60.seq
230226302 gbgss61.seq
230689005 gbgss62.seq
230689219 gbgss63.seq
230687844 gbgss64.seq
230688656 gbgss65.seq
230688644 gbgss66.seq
230689248 gbgss67.seq
230688054 gbgss68.seq
230688437 gbgss69.seq
230689770 gbgss7.seq
230689774 gbgss70.seq
230689239 gbgss71.seq
230688799 gbgss72.seq
230687530 gbgss73.seq
230689397 gbgss74.seq
230687941 gbgss75.seq
230688448 gbgss76.seq
230687657 gbgss77.seq
230688188 gbgss78.seq
230688376 gbgss79.seq
230689005 gbgss8.seq
210922015 gbgss80.seq
193628552 gbgss81.seq
209773190 gbgss82.seq
230688256 gbgss83.seq
230688490 gbgss84.seq
230689160 gbgss85.seq
148316899 gbgss86.seq
250002029 gbgss87.seq
250002123 gbgss88.seq
250001004 gbgss89.seq
230690539 gbgss9.seq
250002371 gbgss90.seq
250001587 gbgss91.seq
250002093 gbgss92.seq
250001522 gbgss93.seq
250001611 gbgss94.seq
250000550 gbgss95.seq
250001252 gbgss96.seq
250002409 gbgss97.seq
45635786 gbgss98.seq
250006571 gbhtc1.seq
250002390 gbhtc2.seq
244577070 gbhtc3.seq
250008840 gbhtg1.seq
250166362 gbhtg10.seq
250044806 gbhtg11.seq
250080583 gbhtg12.seq
250298050 gbhtg13.seq
250026120 gbhtg14.seq
250139209 gbhtg15.seq
250193838 gbhtg16.seq
250288166 gbhtg17.seq
250009470 gbhtg18.seq
250005700 gbhtg19.seq
250006229 gbhtg2.seq
250160745 gbhtg20.seq
250336292 gbhtg21.seq
250233923 gbhtg22.seq
250161994 gbhtg23.seq
250159718 gbhtg24.seq
250205563 gbhtg25.seq
250157649 gbhtg26.seq
250110610 gbhtg27.seq
250108885 gbhtg28.seq
250153833 gbhtg29.seq
250054059 gbhtg3.seq
250215003 gbhtg30.seq
250168384 gbhtg31.seq
250231774 gbhtg32.seq
250042107 gbhtg33.seq
250196389 gbhtg34.seq
250126292 gbhtg35.seq
250142088 gbhtg36.seq
250189837 gbhtg37.seq
250034836 gbhtg38.seq
250075363 gbhtg39.seq
250099764 gbhtg4.seq
250276450 gbhtg40.seq
250027038 gbhtg41.seq
250520501 gbhtg42.seq
250090376 gbhtg43.seq
250225313 gbhtg44.seq
250208844 gbhtg45.seq
250116701 gbhtg46.seq
250014361 gbhtg47.seq
250166247 gbhtg48.seq
250059473 gbhtg49.seq
250124026 gbhtg5.seq
250118844 gbhtg50.seq
250106775 gbhtg51.seq
250092012 gbhtg52.seq
250129183 gbhtg53.seq
250064907 gbhtg54.seq
250038267 gbhtg55.seq
250087476 gbhtg56.seq
250047020 gbhtg57.seq
250179263 gbhtg58.seq
250219896 gbhtg59.seq
250005656 gbhtg6.seq
250229226 gbhtg60.seq
188848586 gbhtg61.seq
250003183 gbhtg7.seq
250015116 gbhtg8.seq
250012079 gbhtg9.seq
250128772 gbinv1.seq
250216616 gbinv2.seq
250000624 gbinv3.seq
250001535 gbinv4.seq
250000948 gbinv5.seq
109447046 gbinv6.seq
200381238 gbmam.seq
250000210 gbpat1.seq
250000520 gbpat10.seq
8387836 gbpat11.seq
250001521 gbpat2.seq
250001539 gbpat3.seq
250002273 gbpat4.seq
250000533 gbpat5.seq
250000010 gbpat6.seq
250000945 gbpat7.seq
250001134 gbpat8.seq
250000274 gbpat9.seq
28651544 gbphg.seq
250174548 gbpln1.seq
165832499 gbpln10.seq
250000137 gbpln2.seq
250001287 gbpln3.seq
250005241 gbpln4.seq
250047732 gbpln5.seq
250004177 gbpln6.seq
250002848 gbpln7.seq
250051024 gbpln8.seq
250002141 gbpln9.seq
250246311 gbpri1.seq
250093772 gbpri10.seq
250011202 gbpri11.seq
250023045 gbpri12.seq
250115139 gbpri13.seq
250025501 gbpri14.seq
250002982 gbpri15.seq
250153913 gbpri16.seq
250061598 gbpri17.seq
250042066 gbpri18.seq
250025460 gbpri19.seq
250126936 gbpri2.seq
250088024 gbpri20.seq
250001093 gbpri21.seq
250179050 gbpri22.seq
250096861 gbpri23.seq
250268624 gbpri24.seq
250001734 gbpri25.seq
250001345 gbpri26.seq
27987878 gbpri27.seq
250195554 gbpri3.seq
250219618 gbpri4.seq
250072432 gbpri5.seq
250087450 gbpri6.seq
250201022 gbpri7.seq
250248490 gbpri8.seq
250178925 gbpri9.seq
158307 gbrel.txt
250210714 gbrod1.seq
250005138 gbrod10.seq
41316139 gbrod11.seq
250179518 gbrod2.seq
250027012 gbrod3.seq
250146868 gbrod4.seq
250000645 gbrod5.seq
250062448 gbrod6.seq
250092877 gbrod7.seq
250147200 gbrod8.seq
250002434 gbrod9.seq
250002078 gbsts1.seq
250001990 gbsts2.seq
217287149 gbsts3.seq
48436528 gbsyn.seq
2491741 gbuna.seq
250243966 gbvrl1.seq
250001372 gbvrl2.seq
217246116 gbvrl3.seq
250115067 gbvrt1.seq
250002699 gbvrt2.seq
250068931 gbvrt3.seq
123814772 gbvrt4.seq
2.2.6 Per-Division Statistics
The following table provides a per-division breakdown of the number of
sequence entries and the total number of bases of DNA/RNA in each sequence
data file:
Division Entries Bases
BCT1 26380 99249869
BCT2 8384 106859371
BCT3 20293 106223735
BCT4 52141 90070453
BCT5 14313 111331543
BCT6 41267 91468937
BCT7 35470 93049369
BCT8 23971 49740348
EST1 68591 26476165
EST10 76943 29967226
EST100 69341 28754642
EST101 71190 32729094
EST102 64367 33735961
EST103 68154 40358277
EST104 72279 47626480
EST105 75885 30846636
EST106 74837 32358980
EST107 75668 26890413
EST108 74107 35062873
EST109 66448 35611722
EST11 76425 28998080
EST110 77204 41935257
EST111 79796 44891764
EST112 73584 48641426
EST113 68396 40755702
EST114 72632 49396617
EST115 70850 44538173
EST116 72319 45972673
EST117 76169 42383176
EST118 74726 48475049
EST119 74913 49905218
EST12 77095 30814241
EST120 72141 46860131
EST121 79912 42327516
EST122 74981 24347733
EST123 82977 45917725
EST124 75525 43869895
EST125 72559 43329322
EST126 65957 32234556
EST127 69672 39335810
EST128 66905 36912153
EST129 68704 40881181
EST13 77769 29965427
EST130 71860 40831802
EST131 71707 45774209
EST132 69030 41919739
EST133 73433 39669059
EST134 69270 43302477
EST135 59441 34474966
EST136 93304 50409946
EST137 93311 53249300
EST138 73458 38207355
EST139 107589 57065470
EST14 79949 32055253
EST140 108963 59435446
EST141 98201 54212650
EST142 73936 44894417
EST143 74200 44589918
EST144 68602 33817484
EST145 64478 29707512
EST146 54215 24721595
EST147 65923 32131363
EST148 61212 30906018
EST149 68933 36566836
EST15 73036 30951410
EST150 70704 50798628
EST151 67799 47144294
EST152 80305 46658119
EST153 58343 30146947
EST154 63930 32601078
EST155 67906 39502020
EST156 64977 43463596
EST157 62854 38201073
EST158 96010 50645408
EST159 71730 40476788
EST16 75620 33234360
EST160 69077 43440842
EST161 64184 36953877
EST162 64941 42474558
EST163 68469 30992442
EST164 76658 31899833
EST165 70906 44559428
EST166 83023 41201771
EST167 62292 32419403
EST168 68158 49238105
EST169 71253 46357841
EST17 84057 34404115
EST170 68003 36730030
EST171 68124 44933022
EST172 70783 54584128
EST173 69449 34089734
EST174 71975 41443192
EST175 70436 60282070
EST176 66063 49229239
EST177 64235 46750483
EST178 63749 47260124
EST179 65745 45809978
EST18 80496 32532561
EST180 65820 48144585
EST181 64012 46081522
EST182 63310 37778282
EST183 62313 34669326
EST184 67023 38780153
EST185 82571 48318486
EST186 83436 53881720
EST187 77932 45602607
EST188 106506 66214545
EST189 108923 65285069
EST19 81094 33688514
EST190 99436 59577309
EST191 69489 37946054
EST192 68535 62257982
EST193 67426 69499438
EST194 76395 51837182
EST195 81073 40302133
EST196 75992 51683242
EST197 72636 50882204
EST198 35987 16916727
EST199 27862 10618053
EST2 75366 28937064
EST20 72962 29247414
EST200 27560 10194708
EST201 26406 9686100
EST202 26692 8984315
EST203 27714 10078294
EST204 27268 9891517
EST205 27256 9837773
EST206 27367 10496968
EST207 27181 12050980
EST208 27289 11180426
EST209 27413 10045564
EST21 73105 34077863
EST210 27686 9279098
EST211 26941 9390066
EST212 27874 11333335
EST213 27768 10888877
EST214 27029 11358404
EST215 26738 12034610
EST216 27142 11275530
EST217 27100 10911889
EST218 27093 11703118
EST219 27218 11584024
EST22 77080 30678667
EST220 27330 10973496
EST221 27323 10875872
EST222 27219 10487351
EST223 27162 11786002
EST224 24456 17199797
EST225 25888 17322552
EST226 53086 21692451
EST227 104266 41836886
EST228 75360 44533307
EST229 69672 45179567
EST23 77194 32079941
EST230 70315 44901454
EST231 70983 44040442
EST232 74206 44089518
EST233 68648 39789356
EST234 69997 42894915
EST235 60134 31023831
EST236 102663 48054300
EST237 85574 45115904
EST238 72286 37931217
EST239 66282 31778420
EST24 75829 34358482
EST240 66749 43257619
EST241 72461 34860577
EST242 70976 33541128
EST243 76795 46572401
EST244 62625 35595509
EST245 67389 38153798
EST246 79118 41147523
EST247 82034 46405098
EST248 83893 55942782
EST249 84141 53971868
EST25 72844 30987758
EST250 111072 49726670
EST251 78507 44512121
EST252 73520 44237633
EST253 73645 40802256
EST254 69561 33573583
EST255 69930 27184801
EST256 66803 40826950
EST257 63099 35893900
EST258 68864 43582636
EST259 70488 40456622
EST26 76457 31468003
EST260 60767 43302475
EST261 68231 35701917
EST262 80458 41557870
EST263 78659 47135646
EST264 104631 57680093
EST265 124186 46116325
EST266 74569 37580015
EST267 68335 35544096
EST268 70037 46754806
EST269 83484 40986622
EST27 78925 34844439
EST270 70967 42074340
EST271 69098 43358623
EST272 60353 37768416
EST273 52900 27678900
EST274 59574 38062432
EST275 67064 37445352
EST276 71409 41822159
EST277 70009 42234137
EST278 74594 48765215
EST279 65047 52259823
EST28 107288 51509299
EST280 69151 44144688
EST281 93365 30325635
EST282 70292 25014415
EST283 74058 27839375
EST284 74581 26331191
EST285 79192 27201074
EST286 74917 27009634
EST287 69390 29604380
EST288 39047 13510927
EST29 68770 47384135
EST3 74213 30128080
EST30 70345 62839381
EST31 85723 48992155
EST32 85156 43744801
EST33 94511 46089642
EST34 99851 48704651
EST35 99132 50008794
EST36 91456 33314270
EST37 69406 18547734
EST38 69164 18514497
EST39 60886 18660865
EST4 74631 28188475
EST40 43604 11936693
EST41 43208 11875950
EST42 43112 11404183
EST43 82039 34213954
EST44 96003 43614341
EST45 90160 47068911
EST46 85266 40017023
EST47 107328 56577890
EST48 94282 45766846
EST49 76490 32584145
EST5 48531 15367560
EST50 68905 30433264
EST51 71333 30868286
EST52 73124 30633295
EST53 83588 33908865
EST54 74695 28999153
EST55 64059 27797192
EST56 71855 31343873
EST57 76563 36158846
EST58 73376 32117427
EST59 76358 27485531
EST6 56366 18273716
EST60 79540 31064855
EST61 72309 31386019
EST62 40191 11452559
EST63 40244 11440531
EST64 40406 12651255
EST65 40661 12290499
EST66 40629 12550066
EST67 40564 12902779
EST68 40569 12450676
EST69 40350 12217778
EST7 74709 29419404
EST70 40442 12388885
EST71 41265 12193728
EST72 41320 12571853
EST73 41283 13095819
EST74 41083 12969855
EST75 43981 12429669
EST76 43154 20970193
EST77 41151 24280144
EST78 42774 18043607
EST79 50642 22578508
EST8 76832 30878934
EST80 51222 21232594
EST81 49948 21452170
EST82 75545 32578061
EST83 74012 29017338
EST84 72980 30680260
EST85 77701 45050110
EST86 78355 41481232
EST87 76560 40500891
EST88 78533 38163942
EST89 70096 40767143
EST9 77952 30113680
EST90 74823 35571039
EST91 75157 38139223
EST92 70685 37010166
EST93 77913 50762296
EST94 67448 35023356
EST95 72423 36504398
EST96 72733 39419851
EST97 74028 44067788
EST98 68667 44843602
EST99 75147 43282326
GSS1 91455 39165311
GSS10 75660 44072177
GSS11 68964 35420101
GSS12 74457 39018254
GSS13 74910 37710061
GSS14 72454 32463546
GSS15 73355 37024223
GSS16 75390 44109985
GSS17 70475 32456657
GSS18 57548 29253320
GSS19 57673 28885434
GSS2 89843 39733291
GSS20 58929 25618167
GSS21 63534 38179096
GSS22 63602 30392308
GSS23 58737 29508342
GSS24 71990 43456291
GSS25 63398 24735170
GSS26 58339 27111604
GSS27 74949 35104064
GSS28 56777 31075838
GSS29 90589 43025051
GSS3 88179 42087134
GSS30 78227 40651576
GSS31 74139 43655692
GSS32 71168 44018015
GSS33 81573 39697122
GSS34 76615 40893012
GSS35 81418 47069497
GSS36 94342 62703201
GSS37 90286 51469221
GSS38 94122 57628036
GSS39 83894 37573730
GSS4 79640 41461659
GSS40 86678 36794375
GSS41 82321 49399498
GSS42 81111 57532835
GSS43 74993 51608562
GSS44 72792 48088640
GSS45 72910 47877939
GSS46 81013 39438036
GSS47 83557 52531292
GSS48 91955 64575445
GSS49 80943 60677697
GSS5 79616 41029577
GSS50 92986 56659147
GSS51 89169 58069888
GSS52 79361 48360423
GSS53 72164 37430567
GSS54 88767 52758453
GSS55 88007 54809749
GSS56 79813 61888500
GSS57 72150 79105921
GSS58 83679 71214935
GSS59 91403 63842563
GSS6 78380 39015012
GSS60 65696 44273123
GSS61 64729 44747300
GSS62 88373 65753249
GSS63 87115 61834504
GSS64 84336 50959674
GSS65 86893 56736608
GSS66 95930 60070527
GSS67 101325 54184964
GSS68 100838 54799266
GSS69 101640 53787757
GSS7 77306 39691808
GSS70 102926 52163988
GSS71 102692 52459138
GSS72 102631 52536048
GSS73 102659 52498649
GSS74 100709 54963027
GSS75 90280 68613582
GSS76 89844 70764422
GSS77 88651 69975549
GSS78 88107 69871995
GSS79 88207 62023905
GSS8 77095 38156969
GSS80 85056 35202445
GSS81 79037 24615719
GSS82 85035 32618408
GSS83 82215 50775231
GSS84 79298 44028073
GSS85 88443 61413527
GSS86 52905 33279882
GSS87 87880 66457089
GSS88 84727 63659853
GSS89 95471 40120697
GSS9 72888 37430595
GSS90 91333 65913779
GSS91 101404 57322380
GSS92 81613 56884934
GSS93 72129 59966777
GSS94 69660 58567384
GSS95 65577 62868967
GSS96 75263 53976574
GSS97 111327 54235748
GSS98 17826 7823114
HTC1 31801 54897459
HTC2 30889 66883801
HTC3 86401 77342266
HTG1 1329 190522391
HTG10 1238 189369264
HTG11 1417 187275912
HTG12 964 192243242
HTG13 756 192601183
HTG14 738 192458892
HTG15 764 192464209
HTG16 810 192330857
HTG17 776 192642295
HTG18 1552 184780839
HTG19 1492 184943993
HTG2 2543 188226911
HTG20 895 191410729
HTG21 1233 188735399
HTG22 811 192059488
HTG23 908 191388116
HTG24 911 191479312
HTG25 899 191657228
HTG26 851 191701705
HTG27 775 192360295
HTG28 895 191597510
HTG29 859 191879528
HTG3 2495 188024469
HTG30 940 191401823
HTG31 961 191189755
HTG32 976 191021979
HTG33 921 191422734
HTG34 975 190989299
HTG35 922 191627587
HTG36 866 192189000
HTG37 1071 190783518
HTG38 884 191659562
HTG39 862 192162435
HTG4 2539 189859059
HTG40 831 192114717
HTG41 882 191695489
HTG42 950 191613239
HTG43 956 191616694
HTG44 944 192070305
HTG45 965 191511193
HTG46 1093 190849062
HTG47 1235 189101525
HTG48 1171 190683463
HTG49 1216 190178341
HTG5 1290 188379387
HTG50 1106 191726702
HTG51 1145 189921586
HTG52 1100 191662615
HTG53 1223 191602053
HTG54 1223 192122569
HTG55 1197 191800923
HTG56 1114 192801498
HTG57 1231 191038839
HTG58 1139 194127886
HTG59 1030 194393102
HTG6 1288 187853361
HTG60 1006 194302720
HTG61 860 141476856
HTG7 1254 188112210
HTG8 1296 187616983
HTG9 1206 189361323
INV1 11252 171431351
INV2 1295 166768299
INV3 58718 91553238
INV4 71185 77379063
INV5 36096 116014574
INV6 17621 47931616
MAM 55725 73927488
PAT1 223017 70308041
PAT10 148284 55021937
PAT11 8432 2206327
PAT2 199882 89311853
PAT3 150295 96409629
PAT4 136235 96382326
PAT5 129132 104105977
PAT6 126769 103666691
PAT7 142545 85745658
PAT8 121915 50254333
PAT9 96917 61632090
PHG 2439 11135726
PLN1 24880 134123545
PLN10 27926 67720731
PLN2 25179 147964544
PLN3 77796 77173013
PLN4 51950 54489684
PLN5 19104 103432304
PLN6 3821 165470833
PLN7 60961 63370847
PLN8 63485 88324955
PLN9 44252 114271268
PRI1 15903 153342547
PRI10 1399 175643335
PRI11 1278 175514402
PRI12 1507 175071488
PRI13 1578 178944606
PRI14 2833 182359567
PRI15 44216 118908769
PRI16 30638 126623351
PRI17 1609 178975648
PRI18 1667 181092764
PRI19 1958 183344455
PRI2 1420 173125564
PRI20 2038 190118711
PRI21 18199 159569107
PRI22 34717 80299798
PRI23 9480 176501446
PRI24 24112 145301925
PRI25 44073 122881887
PRI26 54096 105129455
PRI27 7755 10609152
PRI3 1255 181935639
PRI4 1293 178208936
PRI5 1143 173792971
PRI6 1208 178983844
PRI7 1209 177211599
PRI8 1331 169207324
PRI9 1229 177840174
ROD1 7390 172280417
ROD10 39486 119066157
ROD11 10893 14371109
ROD2 889 176007852
ROD3 973 179975237
ROD4 994 180792503
ROD5 14159 164840407
ROD6 12642 173625208
ROD7 1193 193084807
ROD8 1257 193801302
ROD9 29954 109283780
STS1 88832 48173662
STS2 89017 36560822
STS3 79990 35799396
SYN 11058 18372752
UNA 1116 417623
VRL1 73048 65381277
VRL2 74522 64878821
VRL3 63411 59817105
VRT1 63234 90501516
VRT2 25014 152269103
VRT3 14228 157467710
VRT4 25026 57222271
2.2.7 Selected Per-Organism Statistics
The following table provides the number of entries and bases of DNA/RNA for
the twenty most sequenced organisms in Release 139.0 (chloroplast and mitochon-
drial sequences not included, and Whole Genome Shotgun sequences not included) :
Entries Bases Species
7152768 10307972332 Homo sapiens
5440187 6293834876 Mus musculus
843877 5553994470 Rattus norvegicus
569066 1186984387 Danio rerio
1700546 1060366537 Zea mays
266693 714394030 Oryza sativa (japonica cultivar-group)
361257 697671246 Drosophila melanogaster
887467 508114342 Canis familiaris
596909 503066134 Gallus gallus
589739 424174855 Arabidopsis thaliana
595964 403835636 Brassica oleracea
650813 396135104 Bos taurus
175582 385807223 Pan troglodytes
25432 337349532 Macaca mulatta
553918 303123150 Triticum aestivum
499249 294204103 Ciona intestinalis
250141 237196637 Medicago truncatula
222595 233083018 Caenorhabditis elegans
364210 232049749 Xenopus laevis
324322 211144144 Zea mays subsp. mays
297857 210279451 Silurana tropicalis
2.2.8 Growth of GenBank
The following table lists the number of bases and the number of sequence
records in each release of GenBank, beginning with Release 3 in 1982.
From 1982 to the present, the number of bases in GenBank has doubled
approximately every 14 months.
Release Date Base Pairs Entries
3 Dec 1982 680338 606
14 Nov 1983 2274029 2427
20 May 1984 3002088 3665
24 Sep 1984 3323270 4135
25 Oct 1984 3368765 4175
26 Nov 1984 3689752 4393
32 May 1985 4211931 4954
36 Sep 1985 5204420 5700
40 Feb 1986 5925429 6642
42 May 1986 6765476 7416
44 Aug 1986 8442357 8823
46 Nov 1986 9615371 9978
48 Feb 1987 10961380 10913
50 May 1987 13048473 12534
52 Aug 1987 14855145 14020
53 Sep 1987 15514776 14584
54 Dec 1987 16752872 15465
55 Mar 1988 19156002 17047
56 Jun 1988 20795279 18226
57 Sep 1988 22019698 19044
57.1 Oct 1988 23800000 20579
58 Dec 1988 24690876 21248
59 Mar 1989 26382491 22479
60 Jun 1989 31808784 26317
61 Sep 1989 34762585 28791
62 Dec 1989 37183950 31229
63 Mar 1990 40127752 33377
64 Jun 1990 42495893 35100
65 Sep 1990 49179285 39533
66 Dec 1990 51306092 41057
67 Mar 1991 55169276 43903
68 Jun 1991 65868799 51418
69 Sep 1991 71947426 55627
70 Dec 1991 77337678 58952
71 Mar 1992 83894652 65100
72 Jun 1992 92160761 71280
73 Sep 1992 101008486 78608
74 Dec 1992 120242234 97084
75 Feb 1993 126212259 106684
76 Apr 1993 129968355 111911
77 Jun 1993 138904393 120134
78 Aug 1993 147215633 131328
79 Oct 1993 157152442 143492
80 Dec 1993 163802597 150744
81 Feb 1994 173261500 162946
82 Apr 1994 180589455 169896
83 Jun 1994 191393939 182753
84 Aug 1994 201815802 196703
85 Oct 1994 217102462 215273
86 Dec 1994 230485928 237775
87 Feb 1995 248499214 269478
88 Apr 1995 286094556 352414
89 Jun 1995 318624568 425211
90 Aug 1995 353713490 492483
91 Oct 1995 384939485 555694
92 Dec 1995 425860958 620765
93 Feb 1996 463758833 685693
94 Apr 1996 499127741 744295
95 Jun 1996 551750920 835487
96 Aug 1996 602072354 920588
97 Oct 1996 651972984 1021211
98 Dec 1996 730552938 1114581
99 Feb 1997 786898138 1192505
100 Apr 1997 842864309 1274747
101 Jun 1997 966993087 1491069
102 Aug 1997 1053474516 1610848
103 Oct 1997 1160300687 1765847
104 Dec 1997 1258290513 1891953
105 Feb 1998 1372368913 2042325
106 Apr 1998 1502542306 2209232
107 Jun 1998 1622041465 2355928
108 Aug 1998 1797137713 2532359
109 Oct 1998 2008761784 2837897
110 Dec 1998 2162067871 3043729
111 Apr 1999 2569578208 3525418
112 Jun 1999 2974791993 4028171
113 Aug 1999 3400237391 4610118
114 Oct 1999 3841163011 4864570
115 Dec 1999 4653932745 5354511
116 Feb 2000 5805414935 5691170
117 Apr 2000 7376080723 6215002
118 Jun 2000 8604221980 7077491
119 Aug 2000 9545724824 8214339
120 Oct 2000 10335692655 9102634
121 Dec 2000 11101066288 10106023
122 Feb 2001 11720120326 10896781
123 Apr 2001 12418544023 11545572
124 Jun 2001 12973707065 12243766
125 Aug 2001 13543364296 12813516
126 Oct 2001 14396883064 13602262
127 Dec 2001 15849921438 14976310
128 Feb 2002 17089143893 15465325
129 Apr 2002 19072679701 16769983
130 Jun 2002 20648748345 17471130
131 Aug 2002 22616937182 18197119
132 Oct 2002 26525934656 19808101
133 Dec 2002 28507990166 22318883
134 Feb 2003 29358082791 23035823
135 Apr 2003 31099264455 24027936
136 Jun 2003 32528249295 25592865
137 Aug 2003 33865022251 27213748
138 Oct 2003 35599621471 29819397
139 Dec 2003 36553368485 30968418
3. FILE FORMATS
The flat file examples included in this section, while not always from the
current release, are usually fairly recent. Any differences compared to the
actual records are the result of updates to the entries involved.
3.1 File Header Information
With the exception of the index files, gbcon.seq, and the lists of new,
changed, and deleted accession numbers, each of the 570 files of a GenBank
release begins with the same header, except for the first line, which
contains the file name, and the sixth line, which contains the title of
the file. The first line of the file contains the file name in character
positions 1 to 9 and the full database name (Genetic Sequence Data Bank,
aka 'GenBank') starting in column 22. The brief names of the files in this
release are listed in section 2.2.
The second line contains the date of the current release in the form
`day month year', beginning in position 27. The fourth line contains
the current GenBank release number. The release number appears in
positions 48 to 52 and consists of three numbers separated by a decimal
point. The number to the left of the decimal is the major release
number. The digit to the right of the decimal indicates the version of
the major release; it is zero for the first version. The sixth line
contains a title for the file. The eighth line lists the number of
entries (loci), number of bases (or base pairs), and number of reports
of sequences (equal to number of entries in this case). These numbers are
right-justified at fixed positions. The number of entries appears in
positions 1 to 8, the number of bases in positions 16 to 26, and the
number of reports in positions 40 to 47. The third, fifth, seventh, and
ninth lines are blank.
1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 79
---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
GBBCT1.SEQ Genetic Sequence Data Bank
15 April 2003
NCBI-GenBank Flat File Release 139.0
Bacterial Sequences (Part 1)
37811 loci, 97585608 bases, from 37811 reported sequences
---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 79
Example 1. Sample File Header
3.2 Directory Files
3.2.1 Short Directory File
The short directory file contains brief descriptions of all of the
sequence entries contained in this release. These descriptions are in
fifteen groups, one group for each of the fifteen sequence entry
data files. The first record at the beginning of a group of entries
contains the name of the group in uppercase characters, beginning in
position 21. The organism groups are PRIMATE, RODENT, OTHER MAMMAL,
OTHER VERTEBRATE, INVERTEBRATE, PLANT, BACTERIAL, STRUCTURAL RNA, VIRAL,
PHAGE, SYNTHETIC, UNANNOTATED, EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAG, PATENT, or
SEQUENCE TAGGED SITE. The second record is blank.
Each record in the short directory contains the sequence entry name
(LOCUS) in the first 12 positions, followed by a brief definition of
the sequence beginning in column 13. The definition is truncated (at
the end of a word) to leave room at the right margin for at least one
space, the sequence length, and the letters `bp'. The length of the
sequence is printed right-justified to column 77, followed by the
letters `bp' in columns 78 and 79. The next-to-last record for a group
has `ZZZZZZZZZZ' in its first ten positions (where the entry name
would normally appear). The last record is a blank line. An example of
the short directory file format, showing the descriptions of the last
entries in the Other Vertebrate sequence data file and the first
entries of the Invertebrate sequence data file, is reproduced below:
1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 79
---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
ZEFWNT1G3 B.rerio wnt-1 gene (exon 3) for wnt-1 protein. 266bp
ZEFWNT1G4 B.rerio wnt-1 gene (exon 4) for wnt-1 protein. 647bp
ZEFZF54 Zebrafish homeotic gene ZF-54. 246bp
ZEFZFEN Zebrafish engrailed-like homeobox sequence. 327bp
ZZZZZZZZZZ
INVERTEBRATE
AAHAV33A Acanthocheilonema viteae pepsin-inhibitor-like-protein 1048bp
ACAAC01 Acanthamoeba castelani gene encoding actin I. 1571bp
ACAACTPH Acanthamoeba castellanii actophorin mRNA, complete cds. 671bp
ACAMHCA A.castellanii non-muscle myosin heavy chain gene, partial 5894bp
---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 79
Example 2. Short Directory File
3.3 Index Files
There are six files containing indices to the entries in this release:
Accession number index file (Accession and Version)
Secondary accession number index file
Keyword phrase index file
Author name index file
Journal citation index file
Gene name index file
The index keys (accession numbers, keywords, authors, journals, and
gene symbols.) of an index are sorted alphabetically. All index keys
appear in uppercase characters even though they appear in mixed case
in the sequence entries. Following each index key, the identifiers of the
sequence entries containing that key are listed (LOCUS name,
division abbreviation, and primary accession number). The division
abbreviations are:
1. PRI - primate sequences
2. ROD - rodent sequences
3. MAM - other mammalian sequences
4. VRT - other vertebrate sequences
5. INV - invertebrate sequences
6. PLN - plant, fungal, and algal sequences
7. BCT - bacterial sequences
8. VRL - viral sequences
9. PHG - bacteriophage sequences
10. SYN - synthetic sequences
11. UNA - unannotated sequences
12. EST - EST sequences (expressed sequence tags)
13. PAT - patent sequences
14. STS - STS sequences (sequence tagged sites)
15. GSS - GSS sequences (genome survey sequences)
16. HTG - HTGS sequences (high throughput genomic sequences)
17. HTC - HTC sequences (high throughput cDNA sequences)
A line-oriented, TAB-delimited format is utilized for the gbaut.idx,
gbgen.idx, gbjou.idx, gbkey.idx, and gbsec.idx indexes. Each index
key is presented on its own line, and is followed by a
LOCUS/Division/Accession triplet for every record containing the key:
Indexed-Term
LOCUS-name1 Div-code1 Accession1
LOCUS-name2 Div-code2 Accession2
LOCUS-name3 Div-code3 Accession3
....
Here is an example of the format, in which TAB characters are displayed
as ^I, and carriage-returns/newlines as $ :
(H+,K+)-ATPASE BETA-SUBUNIT$
^IRATHKATPB^IROD^IM55655$
^IMUSATP4B1^IROD^IM64685$
^IMUSATP4B2^IROD^IM64686$
^IMUSATP4B3^IROD^IM64687$
^IMUSATP4B4^IROD^IM64688$
^IDOGATPASEB^IMAM^IM76486$
When viewed by a file browser such as 'less' or 'more' :
(H+,K+)-ATPASE BETA-SUBUNIT
RATHKATPB ROD M55655
MUSATP4B1 ROD M64685
MUSATP4B2 ROD M64686
MUSATP4B3 ROD M64687
MUSATP4B4 ROD M64688
DOGATPASEB MAM M76486
Note that the index keys can be distinguished from LOCUS/DIV/ACCESSION
by the fact that they do not start with a TAB character. So one can
extract just the terms via simple text-processing:
perl -ne 'print unless /^\s+/' < gbkey.idx > terms.gbkey
The format of the primary accession number index file is slightly
different, with each indexed key (Accession.Version) present on
the same line as the LOCUS/Division/Accession triplet:
Accession1.Version1 Locus-name1 Div-code1 Accession1
Accession2.Version2 Locus-name2 Div-code2 Accession2
....
Here is an example of the format, in which TAB characters are displayed
as ^I, and carriage-returns/newlines as $ :
AC000102.1^IAC000102^IPRI^IAC000102$
AC000103.1^IAC000103^IPLN^IAC000103$
AC000104.1^IF19P19^IPLN^IAC000104$
AC000105.40^IAC000105^IPRI^IAC000105$
AC000106.1^IF7G19^IPLN^IAC000106$
AC000107.1^IAC000107^IPLN^IAC000107$
AC000108.1^IAC000108^IBCT^IAC000108$
AC000109.1^IHSAC000109^IPRI^IAC000109$
AC000110.1^IHSAC000110^IPRI^IAC000110$
When viewed by a file browser such as 'less' or 'more' :
AC000102.1 AC000102 PRI AC000102
AC000103.1 AC000103 PLN AC000103
AC000104.1 F19P19 PLN AC000104
AC000105.40 AC000105 PRI AC000105
AC000106.1 F7G19 PLN AC000106
AC000107.1 AC000107 PLN AC000107
AC000108.1 AC000108 BCT AC000108
AC000109.1 HSAC000109 PRI AC000109
AC000110.1 HSAC000110 PRI AC000110
3.3.1 Accession Number Index File - gbacc.idx
Accession numbers are unique six character or eight-character alphanumeric
identifiers of GenBank database entries. The six-character accession
number format consists of a single uppercase letter, followed by 5 digits.
The eight-character accession number format consists of two uppercase
letters, followed by 6 digits. Accessions provide an unchanging identifier
for the data with which they are associated, and we encourage you to cite
accession numbers whenever you refer to data from GenBank.
GenBank entries can have both 'primary' and 'secondary' accessions
associated with them (see Section 3.5.6). Only primary accessions are present
in the gbacc.idx index.
3.3.2 Keyword Phrase Index File - gbkey.idx
Keyword phrases consist of names for gene products and other
characteristics of sequence entries.
3.3.3 Author Name Index File - gbaut*.idx
The author name index files list all of the author names that appear
in the references within sequence records.
3.3.4 Journal Citation Index File - gbjou.idx
The journal citation index file lists all of the citations that appear
in the references within sequence records.. All citations are truncated
to 80 characters.
3.3.5 Gene Name Index - gbgen.idx
The /gene qualifiers of many GenBank entries contain values other than
official gene symbols, such as the product or the standard name of the gene.
Hence, NCBI has chosen to build an index (gbgen.idx) more like a keyword index
for this field, using both the GenBank /gene qualifier and the 'Gene.locus'
fields from the NCBI internal database as keys.
3.4 Sequence Entry Files
GenBank releases contain one or more sequence entry data files, one
for each "division" of GenBank.
3.4.1 File Organization
Each of these files has the same format and consists of two parts:
header information (described in section 3.1) and sequence entries for
that division (described in the following sections).
3.4.2 Entry Organization
In the second portion of a sequence entry file (containing the
sequence entries for that division), each record (line) consists of
two parts. The first part is found in positions 1 to 10 and may
contain:
1. A keyword, beginning in column 1 of the record (e.g., REFERENCE is
a keyword).
2. A subkeyword beginning in column 3, with columns 1 and 2 blank
(e.g., AUTHORS is a subkeyword of REFERENCE). Or a subkeyword beginning
in column 4, with columns 1, 2, and 3 blank (e.g., PUBMED is a
subkeyword of REFERENCE).
3. Blank characters, indicating that this record is a continuation of
the information under the keyword or subkeyword above it.
4. A code, beginning in column 6, indicating the nature of an entry
(feature key) in the FEATURES table; these codes are described in
Section 3.4.12.1 below.
5. A number, ending in column 9 of the record. This number occurs in
the portion of the entry describing the actual nucleotide sequence and
designates the numbering of sequence positions.
6. Two slashes (//) in positions 1 and 2, marking the end of an entry.
The second part of each sequence entry record contains the information
appropriate to its keyword, in positions 13 to 80 for keywords and
positions 11 to 80 for the sequence.
The following is a brief description of each entry field. Detailed
information about each field may be found in Sections 3.4.4 to 3.4.14.
LOCUS - A short mnemonic name for the entry, chosen to suggest the
sequence's definition. Mandatory keyword/exactly one record.
DEFINITION - A concise description of the sequence. Mandatory
keyword/one or more records.
ACCESSION - The primary accession number is a unique, unchanging
code assigned to each entry. (Please use this code when citing
information from GenBank.) Mandatory keyword/one or more records.
VERSION - A compound identifier consisting of the primary
accession number and a numeric version number associated with the
current version of the sequence data in the record. This is followed
by an integer key (a "GI") assigned to the sequence by NCBI.
Mandatory keyword/exactly one record.
NID - An alternative method of presenting the NCBI GI
identifier (described above). The NID is obsolete and was removed
from the GenBank flatfile format in December 1999.
KEYWORDS - Short phrases describing gene products and other
information about an entry. Mandatory keyword in all annotated
entries/one or more records.
SEGMENT - Information on the order in which this entry appears in a
series of discontinuous sequences from the same molecule. Optional
keyword (only in segmented entries)/exactly one record.
SOURCE - Common name of the organism or the name most frequently used
in the literature. Mandatory keyword in all annotated entries/one or
more records/includes one subkeyword.
ORGANISM - Formal scientific name of the organism (first line)
and taxonomic classification levels (second and subsequent lines).
Mandatory subkeyword in all annotated entries/two or more records.
REFERENCE - Citations for all articles containing data reported
in this entry. Includes seven subkeywords and may repeat. Mandatory
keyword/one or more records.
AUTHORS - Lists the authors of the citation. Optional
subkeyword/one or more records.
CONSRTM - Lists the collective names of consortiums associated
with the citation (eg, International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium),
rather than individual author names. Optional subkeyword/one or more records.
TITLE - Full title of citation. Optional subkeyword (present
in all but unpublished citations)/one or more records.
JOURNAL - Lists the journal name, volume, year, and page
numbers of the citation. Mandatory subkeyword/one or more records.
MEDLINE - Provides the Medline unique identifier for a
citation. Optional subkeyword/one record.
PUBMED - Provides the PubMed unique identifier for a
citation. Optional subkeyword/one record.
REMARK - Specifies the relevance of a citation to an
entry. Optional subkeyword/one or more records.
COMMENT - Cross-references to other sequence entries, comparisons to
other collections, notes of changes in LOCUS names, and other remarks.
Optional keyword/one or more records/may include blank records.
FEATURES - Table containing information on portions of the
sequence that code for proteins and RNA molecules and information on
experimentally determined sites of biological significance. Optional
keyword/one or more records.
BASE COUNT - Summary of the number of occurrences of each base
code in the sequence. Mandatory keyword/exactly one record.
ORIGIN - Specification of how the first base of the reported sequence
is operationally located within the genome. Where possible, this
includes its location within a larger genetic map. Mandatory
keyword/exactly one record.
- The ORIGIN line is followed by sequence data (multiple records).
// - Entry termination symbol. Mandatory at the end of an
entry/exactly one record.
3.4.3 Sample Sequence Data File
An example of a complete sequence entry file follows. (This example
has only two entries.) Note that in this example, as throughout the
data bank, numbers in square brackets indicate items in the REFERENCE
list. For example, in ACARR58S, [1] refers to the paper by Mackay, et
al.
1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 79
---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
GBSMP.SEQ Genetic Sequence Data Bank
15 December 1992
GenBank Flat File Release 74.0
Structural RNA Sequences
2 loci, 236 bases, from 2 reported sequences
LOCUS AAURRA 118 bp ss-rRNA RNA 16-JUN-1986
DEFINITION A.auricula-judae (mushroom) 5S ribosomal RNA.
ACCESSION K03160
VERSION K03160.1 GI:173593
KEYWORDS 5S ribosomal RNA; ribosomal RNA.
SOURCE A.auricula-judae (mushroom) ribosomal RNA.
ORGANISM Auricularia auricula-judae
Eukaryota; Fungi; Eumycota; Basidiomycotina; Phragmobasidiomycetes;
Heterobasidiomycetidae; Auriculariales; Auriculariaceae.
REFERENCE 1 (bases 1 to 118)
AUTHORS Huysmans,E., Dams,E., Vandenberghe,A. and De Wachter,R.
TITLE The nucleotide sequences of the 5S rRNAs of four mushrooms and
their use in studying the phylogenetic position of basidiomycetes
among the eukaryotes
JOURNAL Nucleic Acids Res. 11, 2871-2880 (1983)
FEATURES Location/Qualifiers
rRNA 1..118
/note="5S ribosomal RNA"
BASE COUNT 27 a 34 c 34 g 23 t
ORIGIN 5' end of mature rRNA.
1 atccacggcc ataggactct gaaagcactg catcccgtcc gatctgcaaa gttaaccaga
61 gtaccgccca gttagtacca cggtggggga ccacgcggga atcctgggtg ctgtggtt
//
LOCUS ABCRRAA 118 bp ss-rRNA RNA 15-SEP-1990
DEFINITION Acetobacter sp. (strain MB 58) 5S ribosomal RNA, complete sequence.
ACCESSION M34766
VERSION M34766.1 GI:173603
KEYWORDS 5S ribosomal RNA.
SOURCE Acetobacter sp. (strain MB 58) rRNA.
ORGANISM Acetobacter sp.
Prokaryotae; Gracilicutes; Scotobacteria; Aerobic rods and cocci;
Azotobacteraceae.
REFERENCE 1 (bases 1 to 118)
AUTHORS Bulygina,E.S., Galchenko,V.F., Govorukhina,N.I., Netrusov,A.I.,
Nikitin,D.I., Trotsenko,Y.A. and Chumakov,K.M.
TITLE Taxonomic studies of methylotrophic bacteria by 5S ribosomal RNA
sequencing
JOURNAL J. Gen. Microbiol. 136, 441-446 (1990)
FEATURES Location/Qualifiers
rRNA 1..118
/note="5S ribosomal RNA"
BASE COUNT 27 a 40 c 32 g 17 t 2 others
ORIGIN
1 gatctggtgg ccatggcggg agcaaatcag ccgatcccat cccgaactcg gccgtcaaat
61 gccccagcgc ccatgatact ctgcctcaag gcacggaaaa gtcggtcgcc gccagayy
//
---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 79
Example 9. Sample Sequence Data File
3.4.4 LOCUS Format
The items of information contained in the LOCUS record are always
found in fixed positions. The locus name (or entry name), which is
always sixteen characters or less, begins in position 13. The locus name
is designed to help group entries with similar sequences: the first
three characters usually designate the organism; the fourth and fifth
characters can be used to show other group designations, such as gene
product; for segmented entries the last character is one of a series
of sequential integers.
The number of bases or base pairs in the sequence ends in position 40.
The letters `bp' are in positions 42 to 43. Positions 45 to 47 provide
the number of strands of the sequence. Positions 48 to 53 indicate the
type of molecule sequenced. Topology of the molecule is indicated in
positions 56 to 63.
GenBank sequence entries are divided among many different
'divisions'. Each entry's division is specified by a three-letter code
in positions 65 to 67. See Section 3.3 for an explanation of division
codes.
Positions 69 to 79 of the record contain the date the entry was
entered or underwent any substantial revisions, such as the addition
of newly published data, in the form dd-MMM-yyyy.
The detailed format for the LOCUS line format is as follows:
Positions Contents
--------- --------
01-05 'LOCUS'
06-12 spaces
13-28 Locus name
29-29 space
30-40 Length of sequence, right-justified
41-41 space
42-43 bp
44-44 space
45-47 spaces, ss- (single-stranded), ds- (double-stranded), or
ms- (mixed-stranded)
48-53 NA, DNA, RNA, tRNA (transfer RNA), rRNA (ribosomal RNA),
mRNA (messenger RNA), uRNA (small nuclear RNA), snRNA,
snoRNA. Left justified.
54-55 space
56-63 'linear' followed by two spaces, or 'circular'
64-64 space
65-67 The division code (see Section 3.3)
68-68 space
69-79 Date, in the form dd-MMM-yyyy (e.g., 15-MAR-1991)
Although each of these data values can be found at column-specific
positions, we encourage those who parse the contents of the LOCUS
line to use a token-based approach. This will prevent the need for
software changes if the spacing of the data values ever has to be
modified.
3.4.5 DEFINITION Format
The DEFINITION record gives a brief description of the sequence,
proceeding from general to specific. It starts with the common name of
the source organism, then gives the criteria by which this sequence is
distinguished from the remainder of the source genome, such as the
gene name and what it codes for, or the protein name and mRNA, or some
description of the sequence's function (if the sequence is
non-coding). If the sequence has a coding region, the description may
be followed by a completeness qualifier, such as cds (complete coding
sequence). There is no limit on the number of lines that may be part
of the DEFINITION. The last line must end with a period.
3.4.5.1 DEFINITION Format for NLM Entries
The DEFINITION line for entries derived from journal-scanning at the NLM is
an automatically generated descriptive summary that accompanies each DNA and
protein sequence. It contains information derived from fields in a database
that summarize the most important attributes of the sequence. The DEFINITION
lines are designed to supplement the accession number and the sequence itself
as a means of uniquely and completely specifying DNA and protein sequences. The
following are examples of NLM DEFINITION lines:
NADP-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase [swine, mRNA, 1 gene, 1585 nt]
94 kda fiber cell beaded-filament structural protein [rats, lens, mRNA
Partial, 1 gene, 1873 nt]
inhibin alpha {promoter and exons} [mice, Genomic, 1 gene, 1102 nt, segment
1 of 2]
cefEF, cefG=acetyl coenzyme A:deacetylcephalosporin C o-acetyltransferase
[Acremonium chrysogenum, Genomic, 2 genes, 2639 nt]
myogenic factor 3, qmf3=helix-loop-helix protein [Japanese quails,
embryo, Peptide Partial, 246 aa]
The first part of the definition line contains information describing
the genes and proteins represented by the molecular sequences. This can
be gene locus names, protein names and descriptions that replace or augment
actual names. Gene and gene product are linked by "=". Any special
identifying terms are presented within brackets, such as: {promoter},
{N-terminal}, {EC 2.13.2.4}, {alternatively spliced}, or {3' region}.
The second part of the definition line is delimited by square brackets, '[]',
and provides details about the molecule type and length. The biological
source, i.e., genus and species or common name as cited by the author.
Developmental stage, tissue type and strain are included if available.
The molecule types include: Genomic, mRNA, Peptide. and Other Genomic
Material. Genomic molecules are assumed to be partial sequence unless
"Complete" is specified, whereas mRNA and peptide molecules are assumed
to be complete unless "Partial" is noted.
3.4.6 ACCESSION Format
This field contains a series of six-character and/or eight-character
identifiers called 'accession numbers'. The six-character accession
number format consists of a single uppercase letter, followed by 5 digits.
The eight-character accession number format consists of two uppercase
letters, followed by 6 digits. The 'primary', or first, of the accession
numbers occupies positions 13 to 18 (6-character format) or positions
13 to 20 (8-character format). Subsequent 'secondary' accession numbers
(if present) are separated from the primary, and from each other, by a
single space. In some cases, multiple lines of secondary accession
numbers might be present, starting at position 13.
The primary accession number of a GenBank entry provides a stable identifier
for the biological object that the entry represents. Accessions do not change
when the underlying sequence data or associated features change.
Secondary accession numbers arise for a number of reasons. For example, a
single accession number may initially be assigned to a sequence described in
a publication. If it is later discovered that the sequence must be entered
into the database as multiple entries, each entry would receive a new primary
accession number, and the original accession number would appear as a secondary
accession number on each of the new entries.
3.4.7 VERSION Format
This line contains two types of identifiers for a GenBank database entry:
a compound accession number and an NCBI GI identifier.
LOCUS AF181452 1294 bp DNA PLN 12-OCT-1999
DEFINITION Hordeum vulgare dehydrin (Dhn2) gene, complete cds.
ACCESSION AF181452
VERSION AF181452.1 GI:6017929
^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^
Compound NCBI GI
Accession Identifier
Number
A compound accession number consists of two parts: a stable, unchanging
primary-accession number portion (see Section 3.4.6 for a description of
accession numbers), and a sequentially increasing numeric version number.
The accession and version numbers are separated by a period. The initial
version number assigned to a new sequence is one. Compound accessions are
often referred to as "Accession.Version" .
An accession number allows one to retrieve the same biological object in the
database, regardless of any changes that are made to the entry over time. But
those changes can include changes to the sequence data itself, which is of
fundamental importance to many database users. So a numeric version number is
associated with the sequence data in every database entry. If an entry (for
example, AF181452) undergoes two sequence changes, its compound accession
number on the VERSION line would start as AF181452.1 . After the first sequence
change this would become: AF181452.2 . And after the second change: AF181452.3 .
The NCBI GI identifier of the VERSION line also serves as a method for
identifying the sequence data that has existed for a database entry over
time. GI identifiers are numeric values of one or more digits. Since they
are integer keys, they are less human-friendly than the Accession.Version
system described above. Returning to our example for AF181452, it was
initially assigned GI 6017929. If the sequence changes, a new integer GI will
be assigned, perhaps 7345003 . And after the second sequence change, perhaps
the GI would become 10456892 .
Why are both these methods for identifying the version of the sequence
associated with a database entry in use? For two reasons:
- Some data sources processed by NCBI for incorporation into its Entrez
sequence retrieval system do not version their own sequences.
- GIs provide a uniform, integer identifier system for every sequence
NCBI has processed. Some products and systems derived from (or reliant
upon) NCBI products and services prefer to use these integer identifiers
because they can all be processed in the same manner.
GenBank Releases contain only the most recent versions of all sequences
in the database. However, older versions can be obtained via GI-based or
Accession.Version-based queries with NCBI's web-Entrez and network-Entrez
applications. A sequence revision history web page is also available:
http://0-www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.brum.beds.ac.uk/htbin-post/Entrez/girevhist
NOTE: All the version numbers for the compound Accession.Version identifier
system were initialized to a value of one in February 1999, when that
system was introduced.
3.4.8 KEYWORDS Format
The KEYWORDS field does not appear in unannotated entries, but is
required in all annotated entries. Keywords are separated by
semicolons; a "keyword" may be a single word or a phrase consisting of
several words. Each line in the keywords field ends in a semicolon;
the last line ends with a period. If no keywords are included in the
entry, the KEYWORDS record contains only a period.
3.4.9 SEGMENT Format
The SEGMENT keyword is used when two (or more) entries of known
relative orientation are separated by a short (<10 kb) stretch of DNA.
It is limited to one line of the form `n of m', where `n' is the
segment number of the current entry and `m' is the total number of
segments.
3.4.10 SOURCE Format
The SOURCE field consists of two parts. The first part is found after
the SOURCE keyword and contains free-format information including an
abbreviated form of the organism name followed by a molecule type;
multiple lines are allowed, but the last line must end with a period.
The second part consists of information found after the ORGANISM
subkeyword. The formal scientific name for the source organism (genus
and species, where appropriate) is found on the same line as ORGANISM.
The records following the ORGANISM line list the taxonomic
classification levels, separated by semicolons and ending with a
period.
3.4.11 REFERENCE Format
The REFERENCE field consists of five parts: the keyword REFERENCE, and
the subkeywords AUTHORS, TITLE (optional), JOURNAL, MEDLINE (optional),
PUBMED (optional), and REMARK (optional).
The REFERENCE line contains the number of the particular reference and
(in parentheses) the range of bases in the sequence entry reported in
this citation. Additional prose notes may also be found within the
parentheses. The numbering of the references does not reflect
publication dates or priorities.
The AUTHORS line lists the authors in the order in which they appear
in the cited article. Last names are separated from initials by a
comma (no space); there is no comma before the final `and'. The list
of authors ends with a period. The TITLE line is an optional field,
although it appears in the majority of entries. It does not appear in
unpublished sequence data entries that have been deposited directly
into the GenBank data bank, the EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Data Library,
or the DNA Data Bank of Japan. The TITLE field does not end with a
period.
The JOURNAL line gives the appropriate literature citation for the
sequence in the entry. The word `Unpublished' will appear after the
JOURNAL subkeyword if the data did not appear in the scientific
literature, but was directly deposited into the data bank. For
published sequences the JOURNAL line gives the Thesis, Journal, or
Book citation, including the year of publication, the specific
citation, or In press.
For Book citations, the JOURNAL line is specially-formatted, and
includes:
editor name(s)
book title
page number(s)
publisher-name/publisher-location
year
For example:
LOCUS AY277550 1440 bp DNA linear BCT 17-JUN-2003
DEFINITION Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain CSC13-6 16S ribosomal RNA gene,
partial sequence.
ACCESSION AY277550
....
REFERENCE 1 (bases 1 to 1440)
AUTHORS Gonzalez,J.M., Laiz,L. and Saiz-Jimenez,C.
TITLE Classifying bacterial isolates from hypogean environments:
Application of a novel fluorimetric method dor the estimation of
G+C mol% content in microorganisms by thermal denaturation
temperature
JOURNAL (in) Saiz-Jimenez,C. (Ed.);
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGE: 47-54;
A.A. Balkema, The Netherlands (2003)
The presence of "(in)" signals the fact that the reference is for a book
rather than a journal article. A semi-colon signals the end of the editor
names. The next semi-colon signals the end of the page numbers, and the
colon that immediately *precedes* the page numbers signals the end of the
book title. The publisher name and location are a free-form text string.
Finally, the year appears at the very end of the JOURNAL line, enclosed in
parentheses.
The MEDLINE line provides the National Library of Medicine's Medline
unique identifier for a citation (if known). Medline UIs are 8 digit
numbers.
The PUBMED line provides the PubMed unique identifier for a citation
(if known). PUBMED ids are numeric, and are record identifiers for article
abstracts in the PubMed database :
http://0-www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.brum.beds.ac.uk/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
Citations in PubMed that do not fall within Medline's scope will have only
a PUBMED identifier. Similarly, citations that *are* in Medline's scope but
which have not yet been assigned Medline UIs will have only a PUBMED identifier.
If a citation is present in both the PubMed and Medline databases, both a
MEDLINE and a PUBMED line will be present.
The REMARK line is a textual comment that specifies the relevance
of the citation to the entry.
3.4.12 FEATURES Format
GenBank releases use a feature table format designed jointly by
GenBank, the EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Data Library, and the DNA Data
Bank of Japan. This format is in use by all three databases. The
most complete and accurate Feature Table documentation can be found
on the Web at:
http://0-www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.brum.beds.ac.uk/projects/collab/FT/index.html
Any discrepancy between the abbreviated feature table description
of these release notes and the complete documentation on the Web
should be resolved in favor of the version at the above URL.
The Feature Table specification is also available as a printed
document: `The DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank Feature Table: Definition'. Contact
GenBank at the address shown on the first page of these Release Notes
if you would like a copy.
The feature table contains information about genes and gene products,
as well as regions of biological significance reported in the
sequence. The feature table contains information on regions of the
sequence that code for proteins and RNA molecules. It also enumerates
differences between different reports of the same sequence, and
provides cross-references to other data collections, as described in
more detail below.
The first line of the feature table is a header that includes the
keyword `FEATURES' and the column header `Location/Qualifier.' Each
feature consists of a descriptor line containing a feature key and a
location (see sections below for details). If the location does not
fit on this line, a continuation line may follow. If further
information about the feature is required, one or more lines
containing feature qualifiers may follow the descriptor line.
The feature key begins in column 6 and may be no more than 15
characters in length. The location begins in column 22. Feature
qualifiers begin on subsequent lines at column 22. Location,
qualifier, and continuation lines may extend from column 22 to 80.
Feature tables are required, due to the mandatory presence of the
source feature. The sections below provide a brief introduction to
the feature table format.
3.4.12.1 Feature Key Names
The first column of the feature descriptor line contains the feature
key. It starts at column 6 and can continue to column 20. The list of
valid feature keys is shown below.
Remember, the most definitive documentation for the feature table can
be found at:
http://0-www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.brum.beds.ac.uk/projects/collab/FT/index.html
allele Obsolete; see variation feature key
attenuator Sequence related to transcription termination
C_region Span of the C immunological feature
CAAT_signal `CAAT box' in eukaryotic promoters
CDS Sequence coding for amino acids in protein (includes
stop codon)
conflict Independent sequence determinations differ
D-loop Displacement loop
D_segment Span of the D immunological feature
enhancer Cis-acting enhancer of promoter function
exon Region that codes for part of spliced mRNA
gene Region that defines a functional gene, possibly
including upstream (promotor, enhancer, etc)
and downstream control elements, and for which
a name has been assigned.
GC_signal `GC box' in eukaryotic promoters
iDNA Intervening DNA eliminated by recombination
intron Transcribed region excised by mRNA splicing
J_region Span of the J immunological feature
LTR Long terminal repeat
mat_peptide Mature peptide coding region (does not include stop codon)
misc_binding Miscellaneous binding site
misc_difference Miscellaneous difference feature
misc_feature Region of biological significance that cannot be described
by any other feature
misc_recomb Miscellaneous recombination feature
misc_RNA Miscellaneous transcript feature not defined by other RNA keys
misc_signal Miscellaneous signal
misc_structure Miscellaneous DNA or RNA structure
modified_base The indicated base is a modified nucleotide
mRNA Messenger RNA
mutation Obsolete: see variation feature key
N_region Span of the N immunological feature
old_sequence Presented sequence revises a previous version
polyA_signal Signal for cleavage & polyadenylation
polyA_site Site at which polyadenine is added to mRNA
precursor_RNA Any RNA species that is not yet the mature RNA product
prim_transcript Primary (unprocessed) transcript
primer Primer binding region used with PCR
primer_bind Non-covalent primer binding site
promoter A region involved in transcription initiation
protein_bind Non-covalent protein binding site on DNA or RNA
RBS Ribosome binding site
rep_origin Replication origin for duplex DNA
repeat_region Sequence containing repeated subsequences
repeat_unit One repeated unit of a repeat_region
rRNA Ribosomal RNA
S_region Span of the S immunological feature
satellite Satellite repeated sequence
scRNA Small cytoplasmic RNA
sig_peptide Signal peptide coding region
snRNA Small nuclear RNA
source Biological source of the sequence data represented by
a GenBank record. Mandatory feature, one or more per record.
For organisms that have been incorporated within the
NCBI taxonomy database, an associated /db_xref="taxon:NNNN"
qualifier will be present (where NNNNN is the numeric
identifier assigned to the organism within the NCBI taxonomy
database).
stem_loop Hair-pin loop structure in DNA or RNA
STS Sequence Tagged Site; operationally unique sequence that
identifies the combination of primer spans used in a PCR assay
TATA_signal `TATA box' in eukaryotic promoters
terminator Sequence causing transcription termination
transit_peptide Transit peptide coding region
transposon Transposable element (TN)
tRNA Transfer RNA
unsure Authors are unsure about the sequence in this region
V_region Span of the V immunological feature
variation A related population contains stable mutation
- (hyphen) Placeholder
-10_signal `Pribnow box' in prokaryotic promoters
-35_signal `-35 box' in prokaryotic promoters
3'clip 3'-most region of a precursor transcript removed in processing
3'UTR 3' untranslated region (trailer)
5'clip 5'-most region of a precursor transcript removed in processing
5'UTR 5' untranslated region (leader)
3.4.12.2 Feature Location
The second column of the feature descriptor line designates the
location of the feature in the sequence. The location descriptor
begins at position 22. Several conventions are used to indicate
sequence location.
Base numbers in location descriptors refer to numbering in the entry,
which is not necessarily the same as the numbering scheme used in the
published report. The first base in the presented sequence is numbered
base 1. Sequences are presented in the 5 to 3 direction.
Location descriptors can be one of the following:
1. A single base;
2. A contiguous span of bases;
3. A site between two bases;
4. A single base chosen from a range of bases;
5. A single base chosen from among two or more specified bases;
6. A joining of sequence spans;
7. A reference to an entry other than the one to which the feature
belongs (i.e., a remote entry), followed by a location descriptor
referring to the remote sequence;
A site between two residues, such as an endonuclease cleavage site, is
indicated by listing the two bases separated by a carat (e.g., 23^24).
A single residue chosen from a range of residues is indicated by the
number of the first and last bases in the range separated by a single
period (e.g., 23.79). The symbols < and > indicate that the end point
of the range is beyond the specified base number.
A contiguous span of bases is indicated by the number of the first and
last bases in the range separated by two periods (e.g., 23..79). The
symbols < and > indicate that the end point of the range is beyond the
specified base number. Starting and ending positions can be indicated
by base number or by one of the operators described below.
Operators are prefixes that specify what must be done to the indicated
sequence to locate the feature. The following are the operators
available, along with their most common format and a description.
complement (location): The feature is complementary to the location
indicated. Complementary strands are read 5 to 3.
join (location, location, .. location): The indicated elements should
be placed end to end to form one contiguous sequence.
order (location, location, .. location): The elements are found in the
specified order in the 5 to 3 direction, but nothing is implied about
the rationality of joining them.
3.4.12.3 Feature Qualifiers
Qualifiers provide additional information about features. They take
the form of a slash (/) followed by a qualifier name and, if
applicable, an equal sign (=) and a qualifier value. Feature
qualifiers begin at column 22.
Qualifiers convey many types of information. Their values can,
therefore, take several forms:
1. Free text;
2. Controlled vocabulary or enumerated values;
3. Citations or reference numbers;
4. Sequences;
5. Feature labels.
Text qualifier values must be enclosed in double quotation marks. The
text can consist of any printable characters (ASCII values 32-126
decimal). If the text string includes double quotation marks, each set
must be `escaped' by placing a double quotation mark in front of it
(e.g., /note="This is an example of ""escaped"" quotation marks").
Some qualifiers require values selected from a limited set of choices.
For example, the `/direction' qualifier has only three values `left,'
`right,' or `both.' These are called controlled vocabulary qualifier
values. Controlled qualifier values are not case sensitive; they can
be entered in any combination of upper- and lowercase without changing
their meaning.
Citation or published reference numbers for the entry should be
enclosed in square brackets ([]) to distinguish them from other
numbers.
A literal sequence of bases (e.g., "atgcatt") should be enclosed in
quotation marks. Literal sequences are distinguished from free text by
context. Qualifiers that take free text as their values do not take
literal sequences, and vice versa.
The `/label=' qualifier takes a feature label as its qualifier.
Although feature labels are optional, they allow unambiguous
references to the feature. The feature label identifies a feature
within an entry; when combined with the accession number and the name
of the data bank from which it came, it is a unique tag for that
feature. Feature labels must be unique within an entry, but can be the
same as a feature label in another entry. Feature labels are not case
sensitive; they can be entered in any combination of upper-and
lowercase without changing their meaning.
The following is a partial list of feature qualifiers.
/anticodon Location of the anticodon of tRNA and the amino acid
for which it codes
/bound_moiety Moiety bound
/citation Reference to a citation providing the claim of or
evidence for a feature
/codon Specifies a codon that is different from any found in the
reference genetic code
/codon_start Indicates the first base of the first complete codon
in a CDS (as 1 or 2 or 3)
/cons_splice Identifies intron splice sites that do not conform to
the 5'-GT... AG-3' splice site consensus
/db_xref A database cross-reference; pointer to related information
in another database. A description of all cross-references
can be found at:
http://0-www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.brum.beds.ac.uk/collab/db_xref.html
/direction Direction of DNA replication
/EC_number Enzyme Commission number for the enzyme product of the
sequence
/evidence Value indicating the nature of supporting evidence
/frequency Frequency of the occurrence of a feature
/function Function attributed to a sequence
/gene Symbol of the gene corresponding to a sequence region (usable
with all features)
/label A label used to permanently identify a feature
/map Map position of the feature in free-format text
/mod_base Abbreviation for a modified nucleotide base
/note Any comment or additional information
/number A number indicating the order of genetic elements
(e.g., exons or introns) in the 5 to 3 direction
/organism Name of the organism that is the source of the
sequence data in the record.
/partial Differentiates between complete regions and partial ones
/phenotype Phenotype conferred by the feature
/product Name of a product encoded by a coding region (CDS)
feature
/pseudo Indicates that this feature is a non-functional
version of the element named by the feature key
/rpt_family Type of repeated sequence; Alu or Kpn, for example
/rpt_type Organization of repeated sequence
/rpt_unit Identity of repeat unit that constitutes a repeat_region
/standard_name Accepted standard name for this feature
/transl_except Translational exception: single codon, the translation
of which does not conform to the reference genetic code
/translation Amino acid translation of a coding region
/type Name of a strain if different from that in the SOURCE field
/usedin Indicates that feature is used in a compound feature
in another entry
3.4.12.4 Cross-Reference Information
One type of information in the feature table lists cross-references to
the annual compilation of transfer RNA sequences in Nucleic Acids
Research, which has kindly been sent to us on CD-ROM by Dr. Sprinzl.
Each tRNA entry of the feature table contains a /note= qualifier that
includes a reference such as `(NAR: 1234)' to identify code 1234 in
the NAR compilation. When such a cross-reference appears in an entry
that contains a gene coding for a transfer RNA molecule, it refers to
the code in the tRNA gene compilation. Similar cross-references in
entries containing mature transfer RNA sequences refer to the
companion compilation of tRNA sequences published by D.H. Gauss and M.
Sprinzl in Nucleic Acids Research.
3.4.12.5 Feature Table Examples
In the first example a number of key names, feature locations, and
qualifiers are illustrated, taken from different sequences. The first
table entry is a coding region consisting of a simple span of bases
and including a /gene qualifier. In the second table entry, an NAR
cross-reference is given (see the previous section for a discussion of
these cross-references). The third and fourth table entries use the
symbols `<`and `>' to indicate that the beginning or end of the
feature is beyond the range of the presented sequence. In the fifth
table entry, the symbol `^' indicates that the feature is between
bases.
1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 79
---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
CDS 5..1261
/product="alpha-1-antitrypsin precursor"
/map="14q32.1"
/gene="PI"
tRNA 1..87
/note="Leu-tRNA-CAA (NAR: 1057)"
/anticodon=(pos:35..37,aa:Leu)
mRNA 1..>66
/note="alpha-1-acid glycoprotein mRNA"
transposon <1..267
/note="insertion element IS5"
misc_recomb 105^106
/note="B.subtilis DNA end/IS5 DNA start"
conflict 258
/replace="t"
/citation=[2]
---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 79
Example 10. Feature Table Entries
The next example shows the representation for a CDS that spans more
than one entry.
1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 79
---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
LOCUS HUMPGAMM1 3688 bp ds-DNA PRI 15-OCT-1990
DEFINITION Human phosphoglycerate mutase (muscle specific isozyme) (PGAM-M)
gene, 5' end.
ACCESSION M55673 M25818 M27095
KEYWORDS phosphoglycerate mutase.
SEGMENT 1 of 2
.
.
.
FEATURES Location/Qualifiers
CAAT_signal 1751..1755
/gene="PGAM-M"
TATA_signal 1791..1799
/gene="PGAM-M"
exon 1820..2274
/number=1
/EC_number="5.4.2.1"
/gene="PGAM-M"
intron 2275..2377
/number=1
/gene="PGAM2"
exon 2378..2558
/number=2
/gene="PGAM-M"
.
.
.
//
LOCUS HUMPGAMM2 677 bp ds-DNA PRI 15-OCT-1990
DEFINITION Human phosphoglycerate mutase (muscle specific isozyme) (PGAM-M),
exon 3.
ACCESSION M55674 M25818 M27096
KEYWORDS phosphoglycerate mutase.
SEGMENT 2 of 2
.
.
.
FEATURES Location/Qualifiers
exon 255..457
/number=3
/gene="PGAM-M"
intron order(M55673:2559..>3688,<1..254)
/number=2
/gene="PGAM-M"
mRNA join(M55673:1820..2274,M55673:2378..2558,255..457)
/gene="PGAM-M"
CDS join(M55673:1861..2274,M55673:2378..2558,255..421)
/note="muscle-specific isozyme"
/gene="PGAM2"
/product="phosphoglycerate mutase"
/codon_start=1
/translation="MATHRLVMVRHGESTWNQENRFCGWFDAELSEKGTEEAKRGAKA
IKDAKMEFDICYTSVLKRAIRTLWAILDGTDQMWLPVVRTWRLNERHYGGLTGLNKAE
TAAKHGEEQVKIWRRSFDIPPPPMDEKHPYYNSISKERRYAGLKPGELPTCESLKDTI
ARALPFWNEEIVPQIKAGKRVLIAAHGNSLRGIVKHLEGMSDQAIMELNLPTGIPIVY
ELNKELKPTKPMQFLGDEETVRKAMEAVAAQGKAK"
.
.
.
//
---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------
1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 79
Example 11. Joining Sequences
3.4.13 ORIGIN Format
The ORIGIN record may be left blank, may appear as `Unreported.' or
may give a local pointer to the sequence start, usually involving an
experimentally determined restriction cleavage site or the genetic
locus (if available). The ORIGIN record ends in a period if it
contains data, but does not include the period if the record is left
empty (in contrast to the KEYWORDS field which contains a period
rather than being left blank).
3.4.14 SEQUENCE Format
The nucleotide sequence for an entry is found in the records following
the ORIGIN record. The sequence is reported in the 5 to 3 direction.
There are sixty bases per record, listed in groups of ten bases
followed by a blank, starting at position 11 of each record. The
number of the first nucleotide in the record is given in columns 4 to
9 (right justified) of the record.
4. ALTERNATE RELEASES
NCBI is supplying sequence data in the GenBank flat file format to
maintain compatibility with existing software which require that
particular format. Although we have made every effort to ensure
that these data are presented in the traditional flat file format,
if you encounter any problems in using these data with software which
is based upon the flat file format, please contact us at:
info@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
The flat file is just one of many possible report formats that can be
generated from the richer representation supported by the ASN.1 form of the
data. Developers of new software tools should consider using the ASN.1 form
directly to take advantage of those features. Documentation and a Software
Developer's Toolkit for ASN.1 are available through NCBI. You may call NCBI
at (301)496-2475, or subscribe to a developers' electronic newsgroup by
sending your name, address, affiliation, and e-mail address to:
bits-request@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
The Software Developer's Toolkit and PostScript documentation for UNIX,
VMS, Ultrix, AIX, MacOS, DOS, and Microsoft Windows systems is available
in a compressed UNIX tar file by anonymous ftp from 'ftp.ncbi.nih.gov',
in the toolbox/ncbi_tools directory. The file is 'ncbi.tar.Z'.
5. KNOWN PROBLEMS OF THE GENBANK DATABASE
5.1 Incorrect Gene Symbols in Entries and Index
The /gene qualifier for many GenBank entries contains values other than the
official gene symbol, such as the product or the standard name of the gene. The
gene symbol index (gbgen.idx) is created from the data in the /gene qualifier
and therefore may contain data other than official gene symbols.
6. GENBANK ADMINISTRATION
The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), National Library
of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, is responsible for the production
and distribution of the NIH GenBank Sequence Database. NCBI distributes
GenBank sequence data by anonymous FTP, e-mail servers and other
network services. For more information, you may contact NCBI at the
e-mail address: info@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov or by phone: 301-496-2475.
6.1 Registered Trademark Notice
GenBank (R) is a registered trademark of the U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services for the Genetic Sequence Data Bank.
6.2 Citing GenBank
If you have used GenBank in your research, we would appreciate it if
you would include a reference to GenBank in all publications related
to that research.
When citing data in GenBank, it is appropriate to give the sequence
name, primary accession number, and the publication in which the
sequence first appeared. If the data are unpublished, we urge you to
contact the group which submitted the data to GenBank to see if there
is a recent publication or if they have determined any revisions or
extensions of the data.
It is also appropriate to list a reference for GenBank itself. The
following publication, which describes the GenBank database, should
be cited:
Benson D.A., Karsch-Mizrachi I., Lipman D.J., Ostell J., Rapp B.A.,
Wheeler D.L. GenBank. Nucl. Acids Res. 28(1):15-18 (2000)
The following statement is an example of how you may cite GenBank
data. It cites the sequence, its primary accession number, the group
who determined the sequence, and GenBank. The numbers in parentheses
refer to the GenBank citation above and to the REFERENCE in the
GenBank sequence entry.
`We scanned the GenBank (1) database for sequence similarities and
found one sequence (2), GenBank accession number J01016, which showed
significant similarity...'
(1) Benson, D.A. et al. Nucl. Acids Res. 28(1):15-18 (2000)
(2) Nellen, W. and Gallwitz, D. J. Mol. Biol. 159, 1-18 (1982)
6.3 GenBank Distribution Formats and Media
Complete flat file releases of the GenBank database are available via
NCBI's anonymous ftp server:
ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov
Each release is cumulative, incorporating all previous GenBank data.
No retrieval software is provided. GenBank distribution via CD-ROM
ceased as of GenBank Release 106.0 (April, 1998).
Mirrors of the GenBank FTP site at the NCBI are available from the
San Diego Supercomputer Center and the University of Indiana:
ftp://genbank.sdsc.edu/pub
ftp://bio-mirror.net/biomirror/genbank/
6.4 Other Methods of Accessing GenBank Data
Entrez is a molecular biology database system that presents an integrated
view of DNA and protein sequence data, 3D structure data, complete genomes,
and associated MEDLINE entries. The system is produced by the National
Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), and is available only via
the Internet (using the Web-Entrez and Network-Entrez applications).
Accessing Entrez is easy: if you have a World Wide Web browser, such as
Netscape or Internet-Explorer, simply point your browser to:
http://0-www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.brum.beds.ac.uk/
The Web version of Entrez has all the capabilities of the network version,
but with the visual style of the World Wide Web. If you prefer the "look and
feel" of Network-Entrez, you may download Network-Entrez from the NCBI's
FTP server:
ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/
Versions are available for PC/Windows, Macintosh and several Unix variants.
For information about Network-Entrez, Web-Entrez or any other NCBI
services, you may contact NCBI by e-mail at info@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov or by
phone at 301-496-2475.
6.5 Request for Corrections and Comments
We welcome your suggestions for improvements to GenBank. We are
especially interested to learn of errors or inconsistencies in the
data. BankIt or Sequin can be used to submit revisions to previous
submissions. In addition, suggestions and corrections can be sent by
electronic mail to: update@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Please be certain to
indicate the GenBank release number (e.g., Release 139.0) and the
primary accession number of the entry to which your comments apply; it
is helpful if you also give the entry name and the current contents of
any data field for which you are recommending a change.
6.6 Credits and Acknowledgments
Credits -
GenBank Release Coordination
Mark Cavanaugh
GenBank Submission Coordination
Ilene Mizrachi
GenBank Annotation Staff
Lori Black, Larissa Brown, Larry Chlumsky, Karen Clark, Irene Fang,
Linda Frisse, Michael Fetchko, Anjanette Johnston, William Klimke,
Pierre Ledoux, Richard McVeigh, Ilene Mizrachi, DeAnne Olsen Cravaritis,
Chris O'Sullivan, Leigh Riley, Gert Roosen, MJ Rosovitz, Susan Schafer,
Suh-suh Wang, and Linda Yankie
Data Management and Preparation
Vladimir Alekseyev, Serge Bazhin, Anton Butanaev, Mark Cavanaugh,
Hsiu-Chuan Chen, Olga Cherenkov, Jonathan Kans, Michael Kimelman,
Jim Ostell, Karl Sirotkin, Vladimir Soussov, Elena Starchenko,
Hanzhen Sun, Tatiana Tatusova, Carolyn Tolstoshev, Jane Weisemann,
Eugene Yaschenko
Database Administration
Ron Chen, Slava Khotomliansky, Tony Stearman
User Support
Medha Bhagwat, Peter Cooper, Susan Dombrowski, Andrei Gabrielian
Renata Geer, Scott McGinnis, Donna Messersmith, Rana Morris, Vyvy Pham,
Monica Romiti, Eric Sayers, Tao Tao, David Wheeler
Project Direction
David Lipman
Acknowledgments -
Contractor support for GenBank production and distribution has been
provided by Management Systems Designers, Inc., ComputerCraft Corporation,
and The KEVRIC Company, Inc.
6.7 Disclaimer
The United States Government makes no representations or warranties
regarding the content or accuracy of the information. The United States
Government also makes no representations or warranties of merchantability
or fitness for a particular purpose or that the use of the sequences will
not infringe any patent, copyright, trademark, or other rights. The
United States Government accepts no responsibility for any consequence
of the receipt or use of the information.
For additional information about GenBank releases, please contact
NCBI by e-mail at info@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, by phone at (301) 496-2475,
or by mail at:
GenBank
National Library of Medicine
Bldg. 38A Rm. 8N-809
8600 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20894
FAX: (301) 480-9241
