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IL24 interleukin 24 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 11009, updated on 5-Mar-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
IL24provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
interleukin 24provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:11346
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000162892 MIM:604136; AllianceGenome:HGNC:11346
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
C49A; FISP; MDA7; MOB5; ST16; IL10B
Summary
This gene encodes a member of the IL10 family of cytokines. It was identified as a gene induced during terminal differentiation in melanoma cells. The protein encoded by this gene can induce apoptosis selectively in various cancer cells. Overexpression of this gene leads to elevated expression of several GADD family genes, which correlates with the induction of apoptosis. The phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK7/P38), and heat shock 27kDa protein 1 (HSPB2/HSP27) are found to be induced by this gene in melanoma cells, but not in normal immortal melanocytes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression
Biased expression in lymph node (RPKM 12.3), spleen (RPKM 9.6) and 6 other tissues See more
Orthologs
mouse all
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Genomic context

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Location:
1q32.1
Exon count:
6
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 1 NC_000001.11 (206897443..206904139)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 1 NC_060925.1 (206160421..206168444)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 1 NC_000001.10 (207070788..207077484)

Chromosome 1 - NC_000001.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene interleukin 20 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105372879 Neighboring gene BRD4-independent group 4 enhancer GRCh37_chr1:207063449-207064648 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2426 Neighboring gene P300/CBP strongly-dependent group 1 enhancer GRCh37_chr1:207078063-207079262 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 1768 Neighboring gene negCOR silencer S10 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L13a pseudogene 8 Neighboring gene Fc mu receptor Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2427 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2428 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2429 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2430 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2431 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2432 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2433 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 2434 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr1:207103683-207104183 Neighboring gene polymeric immunoglobulin receptor

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Hypoxia and IL-24 drive a sterile wound healing pathway. Bordon Y. Nat Rev Immunol, 2023 Jun. PMID 37165170, Free PMC Article
  2. Interleukin-24 Limits Tumor-Infiltrating T Helper 17 Cell Response in Patients with Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Zhang M, et al. Viral Immunol, 2022 Apr. PMID 35099297
  3. Enhanced anti-melanoma efficacy through a combination of the armed oncolytic adenovirus ZD55-IL-24 and immune checkpoint blockade in B16-bearing immunocompetent mouse model. Hu HJ, et al. Cancer Immunol Immunother, 2021 Dec. PMID 33903973, Free PMC Article
  4. Interleukin (IL)-24: Reconfiguring the Tumor Microenvironment for Eliciting Antitumor Response. Ramesh R, et al. Adv Exp Med Biol, 2021. PMID 33559858
  5. Role of IL-24 in NK cell activation and its clinical implication in systemic lupus erythematosus. Tang Y, et al. Clin Rheumatol, 2021 Jul. PMID 33534028

See all (182) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Hypoxia and IL-24 drive a sterile wound healing pathway.
    Title: Hypoxia and IL-24 drive a sterile wound healing pathway.
  2. Interleukin-24 Limits Tumor-Infiltrating T Helper 17 Cell Response in Patients with Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
    Title: Interleukin-24 Limits Tumor-Infiltrating T Helper 17 Cell Response in Patients with Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
  3. Protein kinase R is an innate immune sensor of proteotoxic stress via accumulation of cytoplasmic IL-24.
    Title: Protein kinase R is an innate immune sensor of proteotoxic stress via accumulation of cytoplasmic IL-24.
  4. IL-24 armored CAR19-T cells show enhanced antitumor activity and persistence.
    Title: IL-24 armored CAR19-T cells show enhanced antitumor activity and persistence.
  5. Extensive serum biomarker analysis in the prethrombotic state of recurrent spontaneous abortion.
    Title: Extensive serum biomarker analysis in the prethrombotic state of recurrent spontaneous abortion.
  6. IL-24 deficiency protects mice against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by repressing IL-4-induced M2 program in macrophages.
    Title: IL-24 deficiency protects mice against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by repressing IL-4-induced M2 program in macrophages.
  7. Interleukin-17A Drives IL-19 and IL-24 Expression in Skin Stromal Cells Regulating Keratinocyte Proliferation.
    Title: Interleukin-17A Drives IL-19 and IL-24 Expression in Skin Stromal Cells Regulating Keratinocyte Proliferation.
  8. Enhanced anti-melanoma efficacy through a combination of the armed oncolytic adenovirus ZD55-IL-24 and immune checkpoint blockade in B16-bearing immunocompetent mouse model.
    Title: Enhanced anti-melanoma efficacy through a combination of the armed oncolytic adenovirus ZD55-IL-24 and immune checkpoint blockade in B16-bearing immunocompetent mouse model.
  9. IL-24 inhibits the malignancy of human glioblastoma cells via destabilization of Zeb1.
    Title: IL-24 inhibits the malignancy of human glioblastoma cells via destabilization of Zeb1.
  10. IL-10 and Its Related Superfamily Members IL-19 and IL-24 Provide Parallel/Redundant Immune-Modulation in Loa loa Infection.
    Title: IL-10 and Its Related Superfamily Members IL-19 and IL-24 Provide Parallel/Redundant Immune-Modulation in Loa loa Infection.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (146)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Host-microbe interactions have shaped the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease.
EBI GWAS Catalog

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
Envelope transmembrane glycoprotein gp41 env A synthetic peptide corresponding to the immunosuppressive domain (amino acids 574-592) of HIV-1 gp41 upregulates the expression of interleukin 24 (IL24) in peptide-treated PBMCs PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables cytokine activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in apoptotic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in cellular response to interleukin-4 IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in cellular response to lipopolysaccharide IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of cell migration IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of cell population proliferation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in signal transduction IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in extracellular region TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in extracellular space IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
interleukin-24
Names
IL-4-induced secreted protein
melanocyte-associated Mda-7
melanoma differentiation-associated gene 7 protein
suppression of tumorigenicity 16 (melanoma differentiation)

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_029565.1 RefSeqGene

    Range
    5001..11697
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001185156.1 → NP_001172085.1  interleukin-24 isoform 3 precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001172085.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 5' coding region, compared to variant 1, resulting in an isoform (3) that is 1 aa longer than isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AY641441, BC009681, BP222545
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS53465.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A7R8C2Y5
    Related
    ENSP00000375795.3, ENST00000391929.7
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl02501
    Location:74 → 201
    IL10; Interleukin 10

  2. NM_001185157.1 → NP_001172086.1  interleukin-24 isoform 4 precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001172086.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (4, also known as IL-24 delE5) uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 5' coding region, and lacks an alternate in-frame exon in the central coding region, compared to variant 1, resulting in an isoform (4) that is shorter than isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AY641441, BP222545
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS53466.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q13007
    Related
    ENSP00000356060.3, ENST00000367093.3

  3. NM_001185158.1 → NP_001172087.1  interleukin-24 isoform 5

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001172087.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (5, also known as mda-7s) lacks two alternate coding exons, which results in a frameshift in the central and 3' coding regions, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (5, also known as MDA-7S) shares the same N-terminus but has a distinct and shorter C-terminus, compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AY641441, BP222545, BP222651
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS73021.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    E7ETP6
    Related
    ENSP00000484900.1, ENST00000611909.4

  4. NM_006850.3 → NP_006841.1  interleukin-24 isoform 1 precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_006841.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AY641441, BP222545, U16261
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS1471.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q13007, Q2YHE5, Q53XZ7, Q5YLN8, Q96DB0, Q96KG4
    Related
    ENSP00000294984.2, ENST00000294984.7
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl02501
    Location:73 → 200
    IL10; Interleukin 10

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000001.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    206897443..206904139
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_047441763.1 → XP_047297719.1  interleukin-24 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A7R8C2Y5

  2. XM_047441774.1 → XP_047297730.1  interleukin-24 isoform X2

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q13007, Q2YHE5, Q53XZ7, Q5YLN8, Q96DB0, Q96KG4

  3. XM_011509101.3 → XP_011507403.1  interleukin-24 isoform X3

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011507403.1

    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl02501
    Location:46 → 173
    IL10; Interleukin 10

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060925.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    206160421..206168444
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054333959.1 → XP_054189934.1  interleukin-24 isoform X1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A7R8C2Y5

  2. XM_054333960.1 → XP_054189935.1  interleukin-24 isoform X3

Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

  1. NM_181339.1: Suppressed sequence

    Description
    NM_181339.1: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because currently there is support for the transcript but not for the protein.
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q13007.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q13007

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