Mt3 metallothionein 3 [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Mt3provided by RGD
Official Full Name: metallothionein 3provided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:621252
See related: Ensembl:ENSRNOG00000018958 AllianceGenome:RGD:621252
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: PROVISIONAL
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as: GIF; Mt-3
Summary: Enables copper ion binding activity and zinc ion binding activity. Involved in brain development; negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide catabolic process; and negative regulation of neuron death. Located in several cellular components, including astrocyte end-foot; mitochondrial outer membrane; and synaptic vesicle. Used to study motor neuron disease. Biomarker of borna disease; cerebrovascular disease (multiple); hypothyroidism; median neuropathy; and visual epilepsy. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in Alzheimer's disease. Orthologous to human MT3 (metallothionein 3). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
Expression: Biased expression in Brain (RPKM 2235.4), Testes (RPKM 255.5) and 1 other tissue See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 19p12

Exon count:: 3

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	19	NC_086037.1 (10854676..10856080, complement)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	19	NC_051354.1 (10848754..10850158, complement)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	19	NC_005118.4 (11324708..11326112, complement)

Chromosome 19 - NC_086037.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

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Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

After passing middle age we observe a huge increase in MT3 transcripts in both cortical and hippocampal areas, while the MT1/2 mRNA content increases slightly
Title: Age-related changes of metallothionein 1/2 and metallothionein 3 expression in rat brain.
rats treated with KD (EXP2) showed a significant down-regulated expression of ZnT-3, MT-3, ApoE, clusterin, and ACAT-1 in hippocampus
Title: Neurobehavioral Deficits in a Rat Model of Recurrent Neonatal Seizures Are Prevented by a Ketogenic Diet and Correlate with Hippocampal Zinc/Lipid Transporter Signals.
Neuroprotective effect of propofol in hypoxia-reoxygenation injury of hippocampal neurons may be via upregulation of Mt3.
Title: Propofol exerts hippocampal neuron protective effects via up-regulation of metallothionein-3.
analysis of the epitope of neuronal growth inhibitory factor (GIF)
Title: Studies on the epitope of neuronal growth inhibitory factor (GIF) with using of the specific antibody.
The localization of MT-3 in peripheral organs outside the brain suggests that MT-3 has roles in these tissues besides its role in growth inhibition of neurites.
Title: Metallothionein-3 is expressed in the brain and various peripheral organs of the rat.
A large amount of free zinc ions can be sequestered by metallothionein-3 in the hippocampus of old rats, leading to impaired zinc-dependent functions in the ageing brain.
Title: Metallothionein isoforms (I+II and III) and interleukin-6 in the hippocampus of old rats: may their concomitant increments lead to neurodegeneration?
differential display proteomics techniques identified ten significantly and reproducibly changed proteins induced by transient transfection of MT-3 in PC-12 cells; their functional implications are discussed
Title: Differential display proteome analysis of PC-12 cells transiently transfected with metallothionein-3 gene.
Systemic application of kainic acid (KA) rapidly induced MT-I and II expression in neurons localized in hippocampal formation, piriform cortex, and amygdala of the adult rat, whereas the level of MT-III mRNA was decreased in KA-vulnerable areas
Title: Differential regulation of metallothionein-I, II, and III mRNA expression in the rat brain following kainic acid treatment.
metallothionein III, in the presence of brain extract, is a potent inhibitor of neurite sprouting, and may be involved in abnormal sprouting potentially underlying both Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy.
Title: Metallothionein-III inhibits initial neurite formation in developing neurons as well as postinjury, regenerative neurite sprouting.
A recombinant adenoviral vector encoding GIF prevents degeneration of motoneurons in rats after facial nerve avulsion.
Title: Growth inhibitory factor prevents degeneration of injured adult rat motoneurons.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (11)

General gene information

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Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables cadmium ion binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables cadmium ion binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables copper ion binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables copper ion binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables copper ion binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables metal ion binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables metal ion binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables protein kinase activator activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables protein kinase activator activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
enables zinc ion binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables zinc ion binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables zinc ion binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in cellular detoxification	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular detoxification	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in cellular response to cadmium ion	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in cellular response to copper ion	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in cellular response to hypoxia	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to oxidative stress	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to reactive oxygen species	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to reactive oxygen species	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in cellular response to zinc ion	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in detoxification of cadmium ion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in detoxification of copper ion	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in energy reserve metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in energy reserve metabolic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within intracellular monoatomic cation homeostasis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in intracellular zinc ion homeostasis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in intracellular zinc ion homeostasis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in intracellular zinc ion homeostasis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in leptin-mediated signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in leptin-mediated signaling pathway	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of axon extension	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of axon extension	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of cell growth	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of cell growth	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of cell growth	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of dendrite morphogenesis	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide catabolic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of neurogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of neurogenesis	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of gene expression	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of gene expression	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of oxygen metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of oxygen metabolic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in protein stabilization	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in protein stabilization	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in regulation of response to food	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of response to food	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in removal of superoxide radicals	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in removal of superoxide radicals	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in response to hypoxia	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in response to hypoxia	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in response to oxidative stress	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in sequestering of metal ion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in sequestering of metal ion	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in zinc ion transport	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in zinc ion transport	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in astrocyte end-foot	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in astrocyte projection	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in axon	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in cytoplasm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in cytoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in dendritic spine	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in inclusion body	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in inclusion body	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in microtubule	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in mitochondrial outer membrane	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
is_active_in nucleus	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in nucleus	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in ribosome	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in synaptic vesicle	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in synaptic vesicle	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in synaptic vesicle	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: metallothionein-3

Names: MT-III; growth inhibitory factor; metallothionein III

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.