Azin2 antizyme inhibitor 2 [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Azin2provided by RGD
Official Full Name: antizyme inhibitor 2provided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:1564776
See related: Ensembl:ENSRNOG00000051507 AllianceGenome:RGD:1564776
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as: Adc; AzI2; ODC-p; RGD1564776
Summary: The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the antizyme inhibitor family, which plays a role in cell growth and proliferation by maintaining polyamine homeostasis within the cell. Antizyme inhibitors are homologs of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC, the key enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis) that have lost the ability to decarboxylase ornithine; however, retain the ability to bind to antizymes. Antizymes negatively regulate intracellular polyamine levels by binding to ODC and targeting it for degradation, as well as by inhibiting polyamine uptake. Antizyme inhibitors function as positive regulators of polyamine levels by sequestering antizymes and neutralizing their effect. This gene encodes antizyme inhibitor 2, the second member of this gene family. Like antizyme inhibitor 1, antizyme inhibitor 2 interacts with all 3 antizymes and stimulates ODC activity and polyamine uptake. However, unlike antizyme inhibitor 1, which is ubiquitously expressed and localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm, antizyme inhibitor 2 is predominantly expressed in the brain and testis and localized in the endoplasmic reticulum-golgi intermediate compartment. Recent studies indicate that antizyme inhibitor 2 is also expressed in specific cell types in ovaries, adrenal glands and pancreas, and in mast cells. The exact function of this gene is not known, however, available data suggest its role in cell growth, spermiogenesis, vesicular trafficking and secretion. There has been confusion in literature and databases over the nomenclature of this gene, stemming from an earlier report that a human cDNA clone (identical to ODCp/AZIN2) had arginine decarboxylase (ADC) activity (PMID:14738999). Subsequent studies in human and mouse showed that antizyme inhibitor 2 was devoid of arginine decarboxylase activity (PMID:19956990). [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]
Expression: Biased expression in Testes (RPKM 591.4) and Brain (RPKM 48.4) See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 5q36

Exon count:: 11

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	5	NC_086023.1 (146568187..146594777, complement)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	5	NC_051340.1 (141281310..141310415, complement)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	5	NC_005104.4 (147120128..147148576, complement)

Chromosome 5 - NC_086023.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

AZIN2 splice variant suppressed endogenous cardiac regeneration by targeting the PTEN/Akt pathway.
Title: Loss of AZIN2 splice variant facilitates endogenous cardiac regeneration.
Study found a close ontogenic similarity in the mRNA levels of antizymes and antizyme inhibitors (AZiIN2) between mice and rats, but an opposite expression pattern of ornithine decarboxylase activity.
Title: New insights of polyamine metabolism in testicular physiology: A role of ornithine decarboxylase antizyme inhibitor 2 (AZIN2) in the modulation of testosterone levels and sperm motility.
Data suggest that inhibition of Adc (arginine decarboxylase) in agmatinergic neurons (here, pheochromocytoma/PC12 cell line) is target of mercury compounds (here, MeHg, EtHg, PhHg, and HgCl2); upon cell exposure, mercury compounds enter the cell, inhibit Adc decarboxylation of arginine, and thereby decrease the level of agmatine, an endogenous neuroprotective/neurorescue agent.
Title: Arginine decarboxylase: A novel biological target of mercury compounds identified in PC12 cells.
Arginine decarboxylase is expressed in rat brain regions, is regulated in neuronal cells, and down-regulation of its activity by specific siRNA leads to lower agmatine production.
Title: Expression of arginine decarboxylase in brain regions and neuronal cells.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

General gene information

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Markers

Adc (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:531464

BB398156 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:207684

RH139801 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:221885

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
NOT enables arginine decarboxylase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables ornithine decarboxylase activator activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables ornithine decarboxylase activator activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables ornithine decarboxylase activator activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables ornithine decarboxylase activator activity	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
NOT enables ornithine decarboxylase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
NOT enables ornithine decarboxylase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in negative regulation of protein catabolic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in negative regulation of protein catabolic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of protein catabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of protein catabolic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within ornithine metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of catalytic activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of polyamine transmembrane transport	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive regulation of polyamine transmembrane transport	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of polyamine transmembrane transport	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in putrescine biosynthetic process from ornithine	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in trans-Golgi network membrane organization	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in trans-Golgi network membrane organization	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in trans-Golgi network membrane organization	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in axon	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in axon	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in axon	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in cis-Golgi network	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in cis-Golgi network	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
is_active_in cytoplasm	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in cytoplasmic vesicle	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in cytoplasmic vesicle	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in cytosol	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytosol	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in dendrite	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in dendrite	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in dendrite	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in granular vesicle	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in granular vesicle	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in granular vesicle	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
NOT located_in mitochondrion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in mitochondrion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in nucleus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in nucleus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in perikaryon	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in perikaryon	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in perikaryon	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in trans-Golgi network	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in trans-Golgi network	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in trans-Golgi network	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in transport vesicle	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in transport vesicle	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in transport vesicle	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: antizyme inhibitor 2

Names: ODC-like protein; arginine decarboxylase; ornithine decarboxylase paralog; ornithine decarboxylase-like protein

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001014261.3 → NP_001014283.2 antizyme inhibitor 2

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001014283.2

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

BC078981, CK470797, HQ413774

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A6ISG5, F5A6B1

Related

ENSRNOP00000072209.2, ENSRNOT00000085151.2

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd00622
Location:40 → 407

PLPDE_III_ODC; Type III Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-Dependent Enzyme Ornithine Decarboxylase

COG0019
Location:8 → 390

LysA; Diaminopimelate decarboxylase [Amino acid transport and metabolism]