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ACSS2 acyl-CoA synthetase short chain family member 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 55902, updated on 11-Apr-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
ACSS2provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
acyl-CoA synthetase short chain family member 2provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:15814
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000131069 MIM:605832; AllianceGenome:HGNC:15814
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
ACS; ACSA; ACAS2; ACECS; AceCS1; dJ1161H23.1
Summary
This gene encodes a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the activation of acetate for use in lipid synthesis and energy generation. The protein acts as a monomer and produces acetyl-CoA from acetate in a reaction that requires ATP. Expression of this gene is regulated by sterol regulatory element-binding proteins, transcription factors that activate genes required for the synthesis of cholesterol and unsaturated fatty acids. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009]
Expression
Broad expression in fat (RPKM 49.2), duodenum (RPKM 47.1) and 24 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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See ACSS2 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
20q11.22
Exon count:
22
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 20 NC_000020.11 (34874989..34927959)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 20 NC_060944.1 (36595583..36648613)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 20 NC_000020.10 (33462792..33515762)

Chromosome 20 - NC_000020.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene high mobility group box 3 pseudogene 1 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:33450836-33451387 Neighboring gene gamma-glutamyltransferase 7 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 12849 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 17768 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 17769 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 12850 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 12851 Neighboring gene CDK7 strongly-dependent group 2 enhancer GRCh37_chr20:33508643-33509842 Neighboring gene glutathione synthetase Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 17770 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 17771 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr20:33554901-33555058 Neighboring gene myosin heavy chain 7B Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:33568001-33568552 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:33571861-33572412 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:33573515-33574066 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr20:33574067-33574618 Neighboring gene microRNA 499a Neighboring gene microRNA 499b

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. ACSS2-mediated NF-κB activation promotes alkaliptosis in human pancreatic cancer cells. Que D, et al. Sci Rep, 2023 Jan 27. PMID 36707625, Free PMC Article
  2. Acetyl-Coenzyme A Synthetase 2 Potentiates Macropinocytosis and Muscle Wasting Through Metabolic Reprogramming in Pancreatic Cancer. Zhou Z, et al. Gastroenterology, 2022 Nov. PMID 35777482, Free PMC Article
  3. [Knockdown of ACSS2 inhibits invasion and migration of cervical cancer cells induced by nutrient stress and its mechanism]. Su Y, et al. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi, 2019 Oct. PMID 31814569
  4. Alternative transcription start site selection in ACSS2 controls its nuclear localization and promotes ribosome biosynthesis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Wang YH, et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2019 Jun 30. PMID 31076106
  5. Acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 enhances tumorigenesis and is indicative of a poor prognosis for patients with renal cell carcinoma. Zhang S, et al. Urol Oncol, 2018 May. PMID 29503142

See all (50) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. ACSS2 gene variants determine kidney disease risk by controlling de novo lipogenesis in kidney tubules.
    Title: ACSS2 gene variants determine kidney disease risk by controlling de novo lipogenesis in kidney tubules.
  2. ACSS2-mediated NF-kappaB activation promotes alkaliptosis in human pancreatic cancer cells.
    Title: ACSS2-mediated NF-κB activation promotes alkaliptosis in human pancreatic cancer cells.
  3. Acetyl-Coenzyme A Synthetase 2 Potentiates Macropinocytosis and Muscle Wasting Through Metabolic Reprogramming in Pancreatic Cancer.
    Title: Acetyl-Coenzyme A Synthetase 2 Potentiates Macropinocytosis and Muscle Wasting Through Metabolic Reprogramming in Pancreatic Cancer.
  4. O-GlcNAc transferase regulates glioblastoma acetate metabolism via regulation of CDK5-dependent ACSS2 phosphorylation.
    Title: O-GlcNAc transferase regulates glioblastoma acetate metabolism via regulation of CDK5-dependent ACSS2 phosphorylation.
  5. Mammalian acetate-dependent acetyl CoA synthetase 2 contains multiple protein destabilization and masking elements.
    Title: Mammalian acetate-dependent acetyl CoA synthetase 2 contains multiple protein destabilization and masking elements.
  6. the alternative transcription start site selection of ACSS2 was significantly different between hepatocellular carcinoma and corresponding adjacent tissues.
    Title: Alternative transcription start site selection in ACSS2 controls its nuclear localization and promotes ribosome biosynthesis in hepatocellular carcinoma.
  7. Low ACSS2 expression is associated with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm.
    Title: miR-30a-GNG2 and miR-15b-ACSS2 Interaction Pairs May Be Potentially Crucial for Development of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm by Influencing Inflammation.
  8. Silencing ACSS2 expression inhibits migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells induced by nutrient stress, which is related to down-regulated Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway activity.
    Title: [Knockdown of ACSS2 inhibits invasion and migration of cervical cancer cells induced by nutrient stress and its mechanism].
  9. Results suggest that ACSS2 gene is associated with human alcoholism and ethanol intake in a free-choice animal model, and even the compulsive-like behavior associated with ethanol use. Finally, slight alterations in metabolism could be responsible for the difference between ethanol non-preferring, ethanol-preferring and compulsive-like ethanol consumption.
    Title: Possible involvement of ACSS2 gene in alcoholism.
  10. ACSS2-driven histone crotonylation reverses HIV latency
    Title: HIV latency is reversed by ACSS2-driven histone crotonylation.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (31)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Clone Names

  • DKFZp762G026

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables AMP binding IC
Inferred by Curator
more info
 PubMed 
enables ATP binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables acetate-CoA ligase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables acetate-CoA ligase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables acetate-CoA ligase activity IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
enables acetate-CoA ligase activity TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
enables chromatin binding ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
enables propionate-CoA ligase activity ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables transcription coactivator activity ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in acetate biosynthetic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from acetate IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in lipid biosynthetic process IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in long-term memory ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in propionate biosynthetic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in cytoplasm IC
Inferred by Curator
more info
 PubMed 
located_in cytosol IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in cytosol TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in mitochondrial matrix TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in nucleus IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

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Preferred Names
acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytoplasmic
Names
acetate thiokinase
acetate-CoA ligase
acetyl-CoA synthetase 1
acetyl-Coenzyme A synthetase 2 (ADP forming)
acyl-activating enzyme
cytoplasmic acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase
propionate--CoA ligase
NP_001070020.2
NP_001229322.1
NP_061147.1
XP_005260512.1
XP_005260513.1
XP_011527207.1
XP_011527208.1
XP_011527209.1
XP_011527210.1
XP_011527211.1
XP_011527213.1
XP_047296249.1
XP_047296250.1
XP_054179667.1
XP_054179668.1
XP_054179669.1
XP_054179670.1
XP_054179671.1
XP_054179672.1
XP_054179673.1
XP_054179674.1
XP_054179675.1
XP_054179676.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_011520.1 RefSeqGene

    Range
    6671..58018
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001076552.3 → NP_001070020.2  acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytoplasmic isoform 2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001070020.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) includes an alternate in-frame exon in the central coding region, compared to variant 1, resulting in a longer isoform (2), compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AK092281, BC010141, DA411343
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS42868.2
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6DKJ3
    Related
    ENSP00000253382.5, ENST00000253382.5
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd05966
    Location:51 → 698
    ACS; Acetyl-CoA synthetase (also known as acetate-CoA ligase and acetyl-activating enzyme)
    PRK00174
    Location:31 → 705
    PRK00174; acetyl-CoA synthetase; Provisional

  2. NM_001242393.2 → NP_001229322.1  acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytoplasmic isoform 3

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001229322.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the 5' UTR, lacks a portion of the 5' coding region, and initiates translation at a downstream start codon compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) has a distinct N-terminus and is shorter than isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AK000162, BC010141, DA626707
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A6NLR6, Q4G0E8, Q6DKJ3
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd05966
    Location:1 → 590
    ACS; Acetyl-CoA synthetase (also known as acetate-CoA ligase and acetyl-activating enzyme)
    TIGR02188
    Location:2 → 597
    Ac_CoA_lig_AcsA; acetate--CoA ligase

  3. NM_018677.4 → NP_061147.1  acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytoplasmic isoform 1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_061147.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the predominant isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    BC073846, DA411343
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS13243.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A6NE90, Q5QPH2, Q5QPH3, Q8N238, Q96EL0, Q9NQP7, Q9NR19, Q9UJ15
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6DKJ3
    Related
    ENSP00000353804.2, ENST00000360596.7
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd05966
    Location:45 → 685
    ACS; Acetyl-CoA synthetase (also known as acetate-CoA ligase and acetyl-activating enzyme)

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000020.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    34874989..34927959
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_011528909.3 → XP_011527211.1  acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytoplasmic isoform X7

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6DKJ3
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd05966
    Location:10 → 671
    ACS; Acetyl-CoA synthetase (also known as acetate-CoA ligase and acetyl-activating enzyme)
    PRK00174
    Location:10 → 678
    PRK00174; acetyl-CoA synthetase; Provisional

  2. XM_011528911.2 → XP_011527213.1  acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytoplasmic isoform X8

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6DKJ3
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd05966
    Location:10 → 658
    ACS; Acetyl-CoA synthetase (also known as acetate-CoA ligase and acetyl-activating enzyme)
    PRK00174
    Location:10 → 665
    PRK00174; acetyl-CoA synthetase; Provisional

  3. XM_047440293.1 → XP_047296249.1  acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytoplasmic isoform X9

  4. XM_047440294.1 → XP_047296250.1  acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytoplasmic isoform X10

  5. XM_011528905.2 → XP_011527207.1  acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytoplasmic isoform X1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6DKJ3
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd05966
    Location:51 → 721
    ACS; Acetyl-CoA synthetase (also known as acetate-CoA ligase and acetyl-activating enzyme)
    PRK00174
    Location:31 → 728
    PRK00174; acetyl-CoA synthetase; Provisional

  6. XM_011528906.2 → XP_011527208.1  acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytoplasmic isoform X2

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6DKJ3
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd05966
    Location:51 → 711
    ACS; Acetyl-CoA synthetase (also known as acetate-CoA ligase and acetyl-activating enzyme)
    PRK00174
    Location:31 → 718
    PRK00174; acetyl-CoA synthetase; Provisional

  7. XM_011528907.2 → XP_011527209.1  acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytoplasmic isoform X3

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6DKJ3
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd05966
    Location:51 → 708
    ACS; Acetyl-CoA synthetase (also known as acetate-CoA ligase and acetyl-activating enzyme)
    PRK00174
    Location:31 → 715
    PRK00174; acetyl-CoA synthetase; Provisional

  8. XM_011528908.2 → XP_011527210.1  acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytoplasmic isoform X5

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_011527210.1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6DKJ3
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd05966
    Location:51 → 698
    ACS; Acetyl-CoA synthetase (also known as acetate-CoA ligase and acetyl-activating enzyme)
    PRK00174
    Location:31 → 705
    PRK00174; acetyl-CoA synthetase; Provisional

  9. XM_005260455.3 → XP_005260512.1  acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytoplasmic isoform X4

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6DKJ3
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd05966
    Location:51 → 708
    ACS; Acetyl-CoA synthetase (also known as acetate-CoA ligase and acetyl-activating enzyme)
    PRK00174
    Location:31 → 715
    PRK00174; acetyl-CoA synthetase; Provisional

  10. XM_005260456.3 → XP_005260513.1  acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytoplasmic isoform X6

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q6DKJ3
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd05966
    Location:51 → 695
    ACS; Acetyl-CoA synthetase (also known as acetate-CoA ligase and acetyl-activating enzyme)
    PRK00174
    Location:31 → 702
    PRK00174; acetyl-CoA synthetase; Provisional

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060944.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    36595583..36648613
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054323699.1 → XP_054179674.1  acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytoplasmic isoform X8

  2. XM_054323701.1 → XP_054179676.1  acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytoplasmic isoform X10

  3. XM_054323698.1 → XP_054179673.1  acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytoplasmic isoform X7

  4. XM_054323700.1 → XP_054179675.1  acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytoplasmic isoform X9

  5. XM_054323692.1 → XP_054179667.1  acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytoplasmic isoform X1

  6. XM_054323693.1 → XP_054179668.1  acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytoplasmic isoform X2

  7. XM_054323694.1 → XP_054179669.1  acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytoplasmic isoform X3

  8. XM_054323696.1 → XP_054179671.1  acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytoplasmic isoform X5

  9. XM_054323695.1 → XP_054179670.1  acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytoplasmic isoform X4

  10. XM_054323697.1 → XP_054179672.1  acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, cytoplasmic isoform X6

Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

  1. NM_139274.1: Suppressed sequence

    Description
    NM_139274.1: This RefSeq was permanently suppressed because it is a nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) candidate.
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q9NR19.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q9NR19

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