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LOXL4 lysyl oxidase like 4 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 84171, updated on 5-Mar-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
LOXL4provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
lysyl oxidase like 4provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:17171
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000138131 MIM:607318; AllianceGenome:HGNC:17171
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
LOXC
Summary
This gene encodes a member of the lysyl oxidase gene family. The prototypic member of the family is essential to the biogenesis of connective tissue, encoding an extracellular copper-dependent amine oxidase that catalyses the first step in the formation of crosslinks in collagens and elastin. A highly conserved amino acid sequence at the C-terminus end appears to be sufficient for amine oxidase activity, suggesting that each family member may retain this function. The N-terminus is poorly conserved and may impart additional roles in developmental regulation, senescence, tumor suppression, cell growth control, and chemotaxis to each member of the family. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Expression
Broad expression in thyroid (RPKM 4.0), testis (RPKM 3.7) and 22 other tissues See more
Orthologs
mouse all
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Genomic context

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Location:
10q24.2
Exon count:
17
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 10 NC_000010.11 (98247690..98268194, complement)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 10 NC_060934.1 (99128069..99148240, complement)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 10 NC_000010.10 (100007447..100027951, complement)

Chromosome 10 - NC_000010.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:99635581-99636081 Neighboring gene P300/CBP strongly-dependent group 1 enhancer GRCh37_chr10:99641761-99642960 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:99647957-99648570 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:99648571-99649183 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:99649184-99649796 Neighboring gene cartilage acidic protein 1 Neighboring gene microRNA 3085 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:99674250-99674826 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:99712853-99713551 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:99734318-99734920 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:99734921-99735522 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 3860 Neighboring gene MED14-independent group 3 enhancer GRCh37_chr10:99885542-99886741 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:99894841-99895630 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 3862 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:99911422-99912174 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:99912926-99913677 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:99913678-99914428 Neighboring gene R3H domain and coiled-coil containing 1 like Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 3863 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:99933024-99933525 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:99983165-99983698 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:99983699-99984230 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:100021241-100022130 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:100026897-100027398 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:100027399-100027898 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124902489 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:100081209-100081774 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 3864 Neighboring gene NANOG hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:100113671-100114175 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 15191 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC105378449 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:100127757-100128375

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. LOXL4, but not LOXL2, is the critical determinant of pathological collagen cross-linking and fibrosis in the lung. Ma HY, et al. Sci Adv, 2023 May 26. PMID 37235663, Free PMC Article
  2. Lysyl Oxidase Like-4 (LOXL4) as a tumor marker and prognosticator in advanced stage laryngeal cancer. Altuntaş OM, et al. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol, 2022 Nov-Dec. PMID 33757755, Free PMC Article
  3. Lysyl Oxidase-Like 4 Fosters an Immunosuppressive Microenvironment During Hepatocarcinogenesis. Tan HY, et al. Hepatology, 2021 Jun. PMID 33068461, Free PMC Article
  4. Neutrophils expressing lysyl oxidase-like 4 protein are present in colorectal cancer liver metastases resistant to anti-angiogenic therapy. Palmieri V, et al. J Pathol, 2020 Jun. PMID 32297656
  5. Clinical significance of LOXL4 expression and features of LOXL4-associated protein-protein interaction network in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Xie W, et al. Amino Acids, 2019 May. PMID 30900087

See all (61) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. LOXL4 Shuttled by Tumor Cells-derived Extracellular Vesicles Promotes Immune Escape in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Activating the STAT1/PD-L1 Axis.
    Title: LOXL4 Shuttled by Tumor Cells-derived Extracellular Vesicles Promotes Immune Escape in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Activating the STAT1/PD-L1 Axis.
  2. The possibilities of LOXL4 as a prognostic marker for carcinomas.
    Title: The possibilities of LOXL4 as a prognostic marker for carcinomas.
  3. LOXL4, but not LOXL2, is the critical determinant of pathological collagen cross-linking and fibrosis in the lung.
    Title: LOXL4, but not LOXL2, is the critical determinant of pathological collagen cross-linking and fibrosis in the lung.
  4. Lysyl Oxidase Like-4 (LOXL4) as a tumor marker and prognosticator in advanced stage laryngeal cancer.
    Title: Lysyl Oxidase Like-4 (LOXL4) as a tumor marker and prognosticator in advanced stage laryngeal cancer.
  5. LAMA2 and LOXL4 are candidate FSGS genes.
    Title: LAMA2 and LOXL4 are candidate FSGS genes.
  6. Lysyl Oxidase-Like 4 Fosters an Immunosuppressive Microenvironment During Hepatocarcinogenesis.
    Title: Lysyl Oxidase-Like 4 Fosters an Immunosuppressive Microenvironment During Hepatocarcinogenesis.
  7. LOXL4 Abrogation Does Not Exaggerate Angiotensin II-Induced Thoracic or Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Mice.
    Title: LOXL4 Abrogation Does Not Exaggerate Angiotensin II-Induced Thoracic or Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Mice.
  8. Neutrophils expressing lysyl oxidase-like 4 protein are present in colorectal cancer liver metastases resistant to anti-angiogenic therapy.
    Title: Neutrophils expressing lysyl oxidase-like 4 protein are present in colorectal cancer liver metastases resistant to anti-angiogenic therapy.
  9. Derepression of LOXL4 inhibits liver cancer growth by reactivating compromised p53.
    Title: Derepression of LOXL4 inhibits liver cancer growth by reactivating compromised p53.
  10. we confirmed that LOXL4 could serve as a downstream target of miR-210 and miR-210 promoted lung cancer progression via targeting LOXL4. In A549 and H1650 cells, knockdown of LOXL4 dramatically repressed lung cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.
    Title: miR-210 promotes lung adenocarcinoma proliferation, migration, and invasion by targeting lysyl oxidase-like 4.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (36)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Clone Names

  • FLJ21889

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables copper ion binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein-lysine 6-oxidase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables protein-lysine 6-oxidase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in collagen fibril organization IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in peptidyl-lysine oxidation IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
is_active_in collagen-containing extracellular matrix IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in extracellular exosome HDA PubMed 
is_active_in extracellular space IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
part_of receptor complex IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

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Preferred Names
lysyl oxidase homolog 4
Names
lysyl oxidase related C
lysyl oxidase-like 4 pseudogene
lysyl oxidase-like protein 4
lysyl oxidase-related protein C
NP_115587.6
XP_005270273.1
XP_006718083.1
XP_024304000.1
XP_047281791.1
XP_047281792.1
XP_054222884.1
XP_054222885.1
XP_054222886.1
XP_054222887.1
XP_054222888.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_032211.7 → NP_115587.6  lysyl oxidase homolog 4 precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_115587.6

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AK172781, BC013153, W44920
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS7473.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q5W0B3, Q96DY1, Q96JB6, Q96PC0, Q9H6T5
    Related
    ENSP00000260702.3, ENST00000260702.4
    Conserved Domains (3) summary
    smart00202
    Location:32 → 132
    SR; Scavenger receptor Cys-rich
    pfam00530
    Location:41 → 132
    SRCR; Scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain
    pfam01186
    Location:533 → 728
    Lysyl_oxidase; Lysyl oxidase

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000010.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    98247690..98268194 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_005270216.3 → XP_005270273.1  lysyl oxidase homolog 4 isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_005270273.1

    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart00202
    Location:32 → 132
    SR; Scavenger receptor Cys-rich
    pfam01186
    Location:534 → 733
    Lysyl_oxidase; Lysyl oxidase

  2. XM_047425835.1 → XP_047281791.1  lysyl oxidase homolog 4 isoform X2

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q5W0B3, Q96DY1, Q96JB6, Q96PC0, Q9H6T5

  3. XM_006718020.2 → XP_006718083.1  lysyl oxidase homolog 4 isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006718083.1

    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart00202
    Location:32 → 132
    SR; Scavenger receptor Cys-rich
    pfam01186
    Location:534 → 733
    Lysyl_oxidase; Lysyl oxidase

  4. XM_047425836.1 → XP_047281792.1  lysyl oxidase homolog 4 isoform X2

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q5W0B3, Q96DY1, Q96JB6, Q96PC0, Q9H6T5

  5. XM_024448232.1 → XP_024304000.1  lysyl oxidase homolog 4 isoform X1

    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    smart00202
    Location:32 → 132
    SR; Scavenger receptor Cys-rich
    pfam01186
    Location:534 → 733
    Lysyl_oxidase; Lysyl oxidase

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060934.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    99128069..99148240 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054366909.1 → XP_054222884.1  lysyl oxidase homolog 4 isoform X1

  2. XM_054366912.1 → XP_054222887.1  lysyl oxidase homolog 4 isoform X2

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q5W0B3, Q96DY1, Q96JB6, Q96PC0, Q9H6T5

  3. XM_054366910.1 → XP_054222885.1  lysyl oxidase homolog 4 isoform X1

  4. XM_054366913.1 → XP_054222888.1  lysyl oxidase homolog 4 isoform X2

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q5W0B3, Q96DY1, Q96JB6, Q96PC0, Q9H6T5

  5. XM_054366911.1 → XP_054222886.1  lysyl oxidase homolog 4 isoform X1

Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q96JB6.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q96JB6

Gene LinkOut

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