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    Ptma prothymosin alpha [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ]

    Gene ID: 19231, updated on 11-Apr-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    Ptmaprovided by MGI
    Official Full Name
    prothymosin alphaprovided by MGI
    Primary source
    MGI:MGI:97803
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000026238 AllianceGenome:MGI:97803
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    VALIDATED
    Organism
    Mus musculus
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
    Also known as
    Thym
    Summary
    Enables histone binding activity. Acts upstream of or within histone exchange. Predicted to be located in cytosol and nucleoplasm. Is expressed in several structures, including alimentary system; branchial arch; central nervous system; extraembryonic component; and genitourinary system. Used to study polycystic kidney disease and pulmonary emphysema. Orthologous to human PTMA (prothymosin alpha). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
    Expression
    Ubiquitous expression in CNS E11.5 (RPKM 1626.5), CNS E14 (RPKM 884.0) and 25 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    human all
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    Genomic context

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    Location:
    1 C5; 1 43.96 cM
    Exon count:
    5
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_02 current GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) 1 NC_000067.7 (86454442..86458434)
    108.20200622 previous assembly GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) 1 NC_000067.6 (86526557..86530712)

    Chromosome 1 - NC_000067.7Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E2551 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer mm9_chr1:88367946-88368247 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_01583 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 41907 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L30, pseudogene 6 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_01585 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_01588 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E11078 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E5780 Neighboring gene CapStarr-seq enhancer MGSCv37_chr1:88406107-88406370 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_01595 Neighboring gene CapStarr-seq enhancer MGSCv37_chr1:88421790-88421979 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer mm9_chr1:88422932-88423233 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer mm9_chr1:88428991-88429292 Neighboring gene phosphodiesterase 6D, cGMP-specific, rod, delta Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E2552 Neighboring gene CapStarr-seq enhancer MGSCv37_chr1:88483544-88483727 Neighboring gene COP9 signalosome subunit 7B

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
    • Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
    • BioProject: PRJNA66167
    • Publication: PMID 25409824
    • Analysis date: n/a

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Thymosin α1 protects from CTLA-4 intestinal immunopathology. Renga G, et al. Life Sci Alliance, 2020 Oct. PMID 32817121, Free PMC Article
    2. Prothymosin alpha-deficiency enhances anxiety-like behaviors and impairs learning/memory functions and neurogenesis. Ueda H, et al. J Neurochem, 2017 Apr. PMID 28122138
    3. Neuron-specific non-classical release of prothymosin alpha: a novel neuroprotective damage-associated molecular patterns. Halder SK, et al. J Neurochem, 2012 Oct. PMID 22853710
    4. Regional distribution and cell type-specific subcellular localization of Prothymosin alpha in brain. Halder SK, et al. Cell Mol Neurobiol, 2012 Jan. PMID 21750924
    5. [Effects of thymosin alpha-1 on radiation-induced pneumonitis]. Yu R, et al. Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi, 2011 Mar. PMID 21426658, Free PMC Article

    See all (58) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Prothymosin alpha Plays Role as a Brain Guardian through Ecto-F1 ATPase-P2Y12 Complex and TLR4/MD2.
      Title: Prothymosin α Plays Role as a Brain Guardian through Ecto-F(1) ATPase-P2Y(12) Complex and TLR4/MD2.
    2. Thymosin alpha1 protects from CTLA-4 intestinal immunopathology.
      Title: Thymosin α1 protects from CTLA-4 intestinal immunopathology.
    3. Prothymosin alpha activates type I collagen to develop a fibrotic placenta in gestational diabetes.
      Title: Prothymosin α activates type I collagen to develop a fibrotic placenta in gestational diabetes.
    4. Ggamma7-specific prothymosin alpha deletion causes stress- and age-dependent motor dysfunction and anxiety.
      Title: Gγ7-specific prothymosin alpha deletion causes stress- and age-dependent motor dysfunction and anxiety.
    5. results elucidate the significant role of Prothymosin alpha, including protein acetylation and STAT3 activation in polycystic kidney disease (PKD), which represent potential for ameliorating the disease progression of PKD
      Title: Prothymosin α promotes STAT3 acetylation to induce cystogenesis in Pkd1-deficient mice.
    6. Prothymosin alpha-knockout mice showed an impaired long-term potentiation induction in the hippocampus along with decreased neurogenesis.
      Title: Prothymosin alpha-deficiency enhances anxiety-like behaviors and impairs learning/memory functions and neurogenesis.
    7. Prothymosin-alpha variants elicit anti-HIV-1 response via TLR4 dependent and independent pathways.
      Title: Prothymosin-α Variants Elicit Anti-HIV-1 Response via TLR4 Dependent and Independent Pathways.
    8. These results demonstrate the clinical relevance of prothymosin alpha in regulating acetylation events during the pathogenesis of emphysema.
      Title: Prothymosin α overexpression contributes to the development of pulmonary emphysema.
    9. Only neurons possess the specific mechanisms required to release prothymosin-alpha following cerebral ischemic stress in vivo.
      Title: Neuron-specific non-classical release of prothymosin alpha: a novel neuroprotective damage-associated molecular patterns.
    10. Regional distribution and cell type-specific subcellular localization of Prothymosin alpha in brain.
      Title: Regional distribution and cell type-specific subcellular localization of Prothymosin alpha in brain.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (17)

    Variation

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    Alleles

    Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics  (MGI)
    • Targeted (5)  1 citation
    • Endonuclease-mediated (2) 

    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Clone Names

    • MGC102090, MGC103390

    Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables DNA-binding transcription factor binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables histone binding IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables histone binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables histone binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables histone chaperone activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables histone chaperone activity IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables ion binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    acts_upstream_of_or_within chromatin organization IC
    Inferred by Curator
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in chromatin organization IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in chromatin organization IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic process IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic process ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in cytosol ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in nucleoplasm ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in nucleus IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in nucleus ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    prothymosin alpha

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001360830.2 → NP_001347759.1  prothymosin alpha isoform 2

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC158132
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam03247
      Location:2 → 53
      Prothymosin; Prothymosin/parathymosin family

    2. NM_001360831.2 → NP_001347760.1  prothymosin alpha isoform 3

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC158132
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam03247
      Location:2 → 47
      Prothymosin; Prothymosin/parathymosin family

    3. NM_008972.4 → NP_032998.1  prothymosin alpha isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_032998.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC158132
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS35649.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      P26350, Q3UQV6
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q0VGU2, Q3U6E4
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000044188.9, ENSMUST00000045897.15
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam03247
      Location:2 → 110
      Prothymosin; Prothymosin/parathymosin family

    RNA

    1. NR_153833.2 RNA Sequence

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC158132

    2. NR_153834.2 RNA Sequence

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AC158132

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

    Genomic

    1. NC_000067.7 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

      Range
      86454442..86458434
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Nucleotide Protein Strain
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    P26350.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P26350

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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