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    Vrk2 vaccinia related kinase 2 [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ]

    Gene ID: 69922, updated on 12-May-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    Vrk2provided by MGI
    Official Full Name
    vaccinia related kinase 2provided by MGI
    Primary source
    MGI:MGI:1917172
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000064090 AllianceGenome:MGI:1917172
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    VALIDATED
    Organism
    Mus musculus
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
    Also known as
    2810003O05Rik
    Summary
    Enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity. Acts upstream of or within protein autophosphorylation. Located in endoplasmic reticulum; membrane; and nuclear envelope. Is expressed in several structures, including cerebral cortex; dorsal mesogastrium; gonad; hemolymphoid system; and yolk sac. Orthologous to human VRK2 (VRK serine/threonine kinase 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
    Expression
    Broad expression in liver E14 (RPKM 6.6), liver E14.5 (RPKM 4.9) and 24 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    human all
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    Genomic context

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    See Vrk2 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    11 A3.3; 11 15.94 cM
    Exon count:
    16
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_02 current GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) 11 NC_000077.7 (26421398..26544006, complement)
    108.20200622 previous assembly GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) 11 NC_000077.6 (26471398..26594012, complement)

    Chromosome 11 - NC_000077.7Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_28964 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 22868 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_28965 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_28966 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer mm9_chr11:26287122-26287423 Neighboring gene transmembrane protein 85 pseudogene Neighboring gene Fanconi anemia, complementation group L Neighboring gene VISTA enhancer mm57 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E9820 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E9821 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E905 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_28968 Neighboring gene peptidylprolyl isomerase A pseudogene 11_266.1 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_28969 Neighboring gene VISTA enhancer mm1555 Neighboring gene glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
    • Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
    • BioProject: PRJNA66167
    • Publication: PMID 25409824
    • Analysis date: n/a

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. VRK2 is involved in the innate antiviral response by promoting mitostress-induced mtDNA release. He WR, et al. Cell Mol Immunol, 2021 May. PMID 33785841, Free PMC Article
    2. Novel alternatively-spliced exons of the VRK2 gene in mouse brain and microglial cells. Almarzooq S, et al. Mol Biol Rep, 2020 Jul. PMID 32583282, Free PMC Article
    3. Vaccinia-related kinase 2 plays a critical role in microglia-mediated synapse elimination during neurodevelopment. Lee J, et al. Glia, 2019 Sep. PMID 31050055
    4. VRK2 activates TNFα/NF-κB signaling by phosphorylating IKKβ in pancreatic cancer. Chen J, et al. Int J Biol Sci, 2022. PMID 35173553, Free PMC Article
    5. HNRNP Q suppresses polyglutamine huntingtin aggregation by post-transcriptional regulation of vaccinia-related kinase 2. Ryu HG, et al. J Neurochem, 2019 May. PMID 30488434

    See all (31) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Reduced Vrk2 expression is associated with higher risk of depression in humans and mediates depressive-like behaviors in mice.
      Title: Reduced Vrk2 expression is associated with higher risk of depression in humans and mediates depressive-like behaviors in mice.
    2. VRK2 activates TNFalpha/NF-kappaB signaling by phosphorylating IKKbeta in pancreatic cancer.
      Title: VRK2 activates TNFα/NF-κB signaling by phosphorylating IKKβ in pancreatic cancer.
    3. VRK2 is involved in the innate antiviral response by promoting mitostress-induced mtDNA release.
      Title: VRK2 is involved in the innate antiviral response by promoting mitostress-induced mtDNA release.
    4. Novel alternatively-spliced exons of the VRK2 gene in mouse brain and microglial cells.
      Title: Novel alternatively-spliced exons of the VRK2 gene in mouse brain and microglial cells.
    5. these results provide new insights into how neuronal HNRNP Q decreases VRK2 mRNA stability and contributes to the prevention of Huntington's disease
      Title: HNRNP Q suppresses polyglutamine huntingtin aggregation by post-transcriptional regulation of vaccinia-related kinase 2.
    6. In VRK2-deficient mice (VRK2(KO)), reduced numbers of presynaptic puncta within microglia were observed. Moreover, the numbers of presynaptic puncta and synapses were abnormally increased in VRK2(KO) mice by the second postnatal week. These differences did not persist into adulthood. Adult VRK2(KO) mice showed behavioral defects in social behaviors, contextual fear memory, and spatial memory.
      Title: Vaccinia-related kinase 2 plays a critical role in microglia-mediated synapse elimination during neurodevelopment.
    7. VRK genes play a role during embryonic development of hematopoiesis
      Title: Expression of the VRK (vaccinia-related kinase) gene family of p53 regulators in murine hematopoietic development.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Variation

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    Alleles

    Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics  (MGI)
    • Endonuclease-mediated (4) 
    • Targeted (3)  1 citation

    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables ATP binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables nucleotide binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables protein domain specific binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables protein kinase binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables transferase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in cellular response to oxidative stress ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in peptidyl-serine phosphorylation IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within phosphorylation IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within protein autophosphorylation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in protein autophosphorylation ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within protein phosphorylation IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in regulation of MAPK cascade ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in regulation of interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in signal transduction IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in cytoplasm ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in endoplasmic reticulum IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in endoplasmic reticulum ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in endoplasmic reticulum membrane ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in membrane IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in mitochondrial membrane ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in mitochondrion IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    located_in nuclear envelope IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    is_active_in nucleus IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in nucleus ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    part_of protein-containing complex ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2
    Names
    vaccinia virus BIR kinase related kinase 2
    NP_001239376.1
    NP_081536.2
    XP_006514864.1
    XP_011242050.1
    XP_030102151.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001252447.1 → NP_001239376.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform 2

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an in-frame exon in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (2) lacks an internal segment in the C-terminal region, compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC083815, AL929272
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q8BN21
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      pfam00069
      Location:29 → 292
      Pkinase; Protein kinase domain
      cl21453
      Location:16 → 314
      PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain

    2. NM_027260.3 → NP_081536.2  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_081536.2

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longer isoform (1).
      Source sequence(s)
      AF513620, BB852723, BE984366
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS24486.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q3U415, Q5F1Z5, Q5SP88, Q8BN21, Q8BPU8, Q8CJ46, Q91WS1, Q9CZF9
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000077471.7, ENSMUST00000078362.13
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl21453
      Location:16 → 314
      PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

    Genomic

    1. NC_000077.7 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

      Range
      26421398..26544006 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_006514801.5 → XP_006514864.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform X1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_006514864.1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q3U415, Q5F1Z5, Q5SP88, Q8BN21, Q8BPU8, Q8CJ46, Q91WS1, Q9CZF9
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000105130.2, ENSMUST00000109504.8
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl21453
      Location:16 → 314
      PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain

    2. XM_030246291.1 → XP_030102151.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform X2

      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      PTZ00449
      Location:182 → 370
      PTZ00449; 104 kDa microneme/rhoptry antigen; Provisional
      cl21453
      Location:1 → 196
      PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain

    3. XM_011243748.3 → XP_011242050.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK2 isoform X2

      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      PTZ00449
      Location:182 → 370
      PTZ00449; 104 kDa microneme/rhoptry antigen; Provisional
      cl21453
      Location:1 → 196
      PKc_like; Protein Kinases, catalytic domain
    Nucleotide Protein Strain
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q8BN21.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q8BN21

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