Gal galanin and GMAP prepropeptide [Mus musculus (house mouse)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Galprovided by MGI
Official Full Name: galanin and GMAP prepropeptideprovided by MGI
Primary source: MGI:MGI:95637
See related: Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000024907 AllianceGenome:MGI:95637
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Mus musculus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
Also known as: Galn
Summary: This gene encodes a neuroendocrine peptide that is principally produced by a subpopulation of lactotrophs in the pituitary gland. The encoded protein is a precursor that is proteolytically processed to generate two mature peptides: galanin and galanin message-associated peptide (GMAP). Mice lacking the encoded protein fail to lactate sufficiently due to abnormalities in the expression of prolactin and lactotroph proliferation, exhibit attenuated chronic neuropathic pain and developmental deficits in the dorsal root ganglion neurons. This gene encodes distinct isoforms, some or all of which may undergo similar processing to generate the mature proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]
Expression: Biased expression in adrenal adult (RPKM 45.8), small intestine adult (RPKM 42.5) and 6 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human all
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Genomic context

Location:: 19 A; 19 3.16 cM

Exon count:: 6

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27)	19	NC_000085.7 (3459915..3464544, complement)
108.20200622	previous assembly	GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26)	19	NC_000085.6 (3409915..3414544, complement)

Chromosome 19 - NC_000085.7 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
BioProject: PRJNA66167
Publication: PMID 25409824
Analysis date: n/a

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Transient expression of the neuropeptide galanin modulates peripheral-to-central connectivity in the somatosensory thalamus during whisker development in mice.
Title: Transient expression of the neuropeptide galanin modulates peripheral‑to‑central connectivity in the somatosensory thalamus during whisker development in mice.
Single-Cell RNA-Seq Analysis Identifies Angiotensinogen and Galanin as Unique Molecular Markers of Acinar Cells in Murine Salivary Glands.
Title: Single-Cell RNA-Seq Analysis Identifies Angiotensinogen and Galanin as Unique Molecular Markers of Acinar Cells in Murine Salivary Glands.
Time-restricted feeding prevents metabolic diseases through the regulation of galanin/GALR1 expression in the hypothalamus of mice.
Title: Time-restricted feeding prevents metabolic diseases through the regulation of galanin/GALR1 expression in the hypothalamus of mice.
The Role of Galanin in Cerebellar Granule Cell Migration in the Early Postnatal Mouse during Normal Development and after Injury.
Title: The Role of Galanin in Cerebellar Granule Cell Migration in the Early Postnatal Mouse during Normal Development and after Injury.
Chronic Environmental or Genetic Elevation of Galanin in Noradrenergic Neurons Confers Stress Resilience in Mice.
Title: Chronic Environmental or Genetic Elevation of Galanin in Noradrenergic Neurons Confers Stress Resilience in Mice.
Elimination of galanin synthesis in noradrenergic neurons reduces galanin in select brain areas and promotes active coping behaviors.
Title: Elimination of galanin synthesis in noradrenergic neurons reduces galanin in select brain areas and promotes active coping behaviors.
DeltaFosB Requires Galanin, but not Leptin, to Increase Bone Mass via the Hypothalamus, but both are needed to increase Energy expenditure.
Title: ΔFosB Requires Galanin, but not Leptin, to Increase Bone Mass via the Hypothalamus, but both are needed to increase Energy expenditure.
These data demonstrate that Galanin (Gal) contributes not only to cholangiocyte proliferation but also to liver fibrogenesis via the coordinate activation of GalR1 in cholangiocytes and GalR2 in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs).
Title: Coordinated Targeting of Galanin Receptors on Cholangiocytes and Hepatic Stellate Cells Ameliorates Liver Fibrosis in Multidrug Resistance Protein 2 Knockout Mice.
Neuronal hypothalamic regulation of body metabolism and bone density is galanin dependent.
Title: Neuronal hypothalamic regulation of body metabolism and bone density is galanin dependent.
Findings indicate a causal role of ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) galanin (GAL) neurons in both sleep induction and heat loss.
Title: Galanin neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic area promote sleep and heat loss in mice.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (73)

Variation

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Alleles

Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI)

Targeted (5) 1 citation
Endonuclease-mediated (2)

General gene information

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Markers

L38580 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:186137

PMC22889P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:272166

Gal (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:143162

Gal (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:502681

D1Bda46 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:239793

Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables galanin receptor activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables galanin receptor binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables hormone activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
enables neuropeptide hormone activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables neuropeptide hormone activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables type 1 galanin receptor binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables type 2 galanin receptor binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables type 3 galanin receptor binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in cAMP-mediated signaling	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in feeding behavior	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of cell population proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of lymphocyte proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within nervous system development	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in neuropeptide signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within neuropeptide signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within parental behavior	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within parental behavior	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of apoptotic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of cortisol secretion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of timing of catagen	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in protein kinase A signaling	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in extracellular region	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in extracellular space	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in neuronal cell body	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
is_active_in secretory granule	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
located_in secretory granule	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: galanin peptides

Names: galanin

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001329667.1 → NP_001316596.1 galanin peptides isoform 2 precursor

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate splice site in the 3' coding region, compared to variant 1. It encodes isoform 2 which is longer and has a distinct C-terminus, compared to isoform 1. This isoform (2) may undergo proteolytic processing similar to isoform 1.

Source sequence(s)

AL626765, BM900055, CJ048041, W83304

Consensus CDS

CCDS89299.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A498WGR4

Related

ENSMUSP00000025842.8, ENSMUST00000025842.8

Conserved Domains (2) summary

pfam01296
Location:33 → 60

Galanin; Galanin

pfam06540
Location:62 → 104

GMAP; Galanin message associated peptide (GMAP)
NM_010253.4 → NP_034383.1 galanin peptides isoform 1 preproprotein

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_034383.1

Status: REVIEWED

Description

Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the longer transcript and encodes the shorter protein (isoform 1).

Source sequence(s)

AK133522, AL626765, BM900055

Consensus CDS

CCDS29396.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P47212

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q3V002

Related

ENSMUSP00000157515.2, ENSMUST00000237521.2

Conserved Domains (3) summary

smart00071
Location:21 → 124

Galanin; Galanin

pfam01296
Location:33 → 60

Galanin; Galanin

pfam06540
Location:62 → 120

GMAP; Galanin message associated peptide (GMAP)