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    Pak2 p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 2 [ Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) ]

    Gene ID: 29432, updated on 6-Jun-2024

    Summary

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    Symbol
    Pak2provided by RGD
    Full Name
    p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 2provided by RGD
    Primary source
    RGD:61953
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSRNOG00000001747 AllianceGenome:RGD:61953
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    VALIDATED
    Organism
    Rattus norvegicus
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
    Also known as
    PAK-2; gamma-PAK
    Summary
    Predicted to enable several functions, including enzyme binding activity; identical protein binding activity; and protein tyrosine kinase activator activity. Involved in cardiac muscle hypertrophy and cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus. Located in secretory granule. Biomarker of ureteral obstruction. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in ductal carcinoma in situ. Orthologous to human PAK2 (p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
    Expression
    Biased expression in Spleen (RPKM 256.0), Thymus (RPKM 211.9) and 9 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    human mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    See Pak2 in Genome Data Viewer
    Location:
    11q22
    Exon count:
    17
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_02 current GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1) 11 NC_086029.1 (82212896..82273803)
    RS_2023_06 previous assembly mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2) 11 NC_051346.1 (68707940..68768816)
    106 previous assembly Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5) 11 NC_005110.4 (72829407..72865815)

    Chromosome 11 - NC_086029.1Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene negative regulator of reactive oxygen species Neighboring gene centrosomal protein 19 Neighboring gene phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class X Neighboring gene small nucleolar RNA SNORA17 Neighboring gene SUMO specific peptidase 5 Neighboring gene nuclear cap binding protein subunit 2

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
    • Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
    • BioProject: PRJNA238328
    • Publication: PMID 24510058
    • Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. The p21-activated kinase, PAK2, is important in the activation of numerous pancreatic acinar cell signaling cascades and in the onset of early pancreatitis events. Nuche-Berenguer B, et al. Biochim Biophys Acta, 2016 Jun. PMID 26912410, Free PMC Article
    2. Gastrointestinal hormones/neurotransmitters and growth factors can activate P21 activated kinase 2 in pancreatic acinar cells by novel mechanisms. Nuche-Berenguer B, et al. Biochim Biophys Acta, 2015 Oct. PMID 25979836, Free PMC Article
    3. Identification and validation of new autoantibodies for the diagnosis of DCIS and node negative early-stage breast cancers. Lacombe J, et al. Int J Cancer, 2013 Mar 1. PMID 22886747
    4. p21-activated kinases regulate actin remodeling in glomerular podocytes. Zhu J, et al. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 2010 Apr. PMID 20071462
    5. Pak2 as a Novel Therapeutic Target for Cardioprotective Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response. Binder P, et al. Circ Res, 2019 Mar. PMID 30620686, Free PMC Article

    See all (34) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. Pak2 promotes a protective endoplasmic reticulum stress response, protecting the heart from disease.
      Title: Pak2 as a Novel Therapeutic Target for Cardioprotective Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response.
    2. PAK2 regulates cell death pathways in pancreatic acinar cells promoting cell death .
      Title: The p21-activated kinase, PAK2, is important in the activation of numerous pancreatic acinar cell signaling cascades and in the onset of early pancreatitis events.
    3. PAK-mediated phosphorylation of PKD1 at Ser203 triggers its membrane dissociation and subsequent entry into the nucleus, thereby regulating the phosphorylation of PKD1 nuclear targets, including class IIa histone deacetylases.
      Title: Protein kinase D1 (PKD1) phosphorylation on Ser(203) by type I p21-activated kinase (PAK) regulates PKD1 localization.
    4. These results show that PAK2 is important in signaling cascades activated by numerous pancreatic stimuli which mediate their various physiological/pathophysiological responses
      Title: Gastrointestinal hormones/neurotransmitters and growth factors can activate P21 activated kinase 2 in pancreatic acinar cells by novel mechanisms.
    5. These results suggest that PAK2-mediated RhoGDI1 phosphorylation stimulates dissociation of RhoGDI1-Rac1/Cdc42 complex accompanied by relief of inhibitory effect on Rac1/Cdc42, which promotes neuronal differentiation.
      Title: Phosphorylation of RhoGDI1 by p21-activated kinase 2 mediates basic fibroblast growth factor-stimulated neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells.
    6. in Rous sarcoma virus-transformed cells, changes in the balance between PAK1/2-regulated caldesmon and the Arp2/3 complex govern the formation of podosomes
      Title: Changes in the balance between caldesmon regulated by p21-activated kinases and the Arp2/3 complex govern podosome formation.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables ATP binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables identical protein binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables protein kinase activity ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables protein kinase binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables protein serine kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity ISS
    Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
    more info
    		  
    enables protein tyrosine kinase activator activity ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables small GTPase binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in adherens junction assembly ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in bicellular tight junction assembly ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in cardiac muscle hypertrophy IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within cellular response to organic cyclic compound ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus IEP
    Inferred from Expression Pattern
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within dendritic spine development ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in intracellular signal transduction IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic process ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in negative regulation of stress fiber assembly ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in protein localization to cell-cell junction ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in protein phosphorylation IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in regulation of MAPK cascade IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in regulation of axonogenesis IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in regulation of cytoskeleton organization ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in cell-cell junction ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in cytoplasm IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in cytoplasm ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in cytoplasm ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in cytosol ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in glutamatergic synapse ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in membrane IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in nucleus ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in postsynaptic density ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in secretory granule IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 2
    Names
    p21 (CDKN1A)-activated kinase 2
    p21 protein (Cdc42/Rac)-activated kinase 2
    p21-activated kinase 2
    serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 2-like
    NP_001380632.1
    NP_445758.3
    XP_063126511.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001393703.1 → NP_001380632.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 2

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      JAXUCZ010000011
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q64303, Q9QYU0
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A8L2R675, A6IRU5
      Related
      ENSRNOP00000040162.2, ENSRNOT00000049862.4
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd06655
      Location:229 → 524
      STKc_PAK2; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, p21-activated kinase 2
      pfam00786
      Location:73 → 130
      PBD; P21-Rho-binding domain

    2. NM_053306.4 → NP_445758.3  serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 2

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      JAXUCZ010000011
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q64303, Q9QYU0
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A8L2R675, A6IRU5
      Related
      ENSRNOP00000072644.2, ENSRNOT00000077269.2
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd06655
      Location:229 → 524
      STKc_PAK2; Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, p21-activated kinase 2
      pfam00786
      Location:73 → 130
      PBD; P21-Rho-binding domain

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_036323735.1-RS_2024_02

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCr8

    Genomic

    1. NC_086029.1 Reference GRCr8

      Range
      82212896..82273803
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_063270441.1 → XP_063126511.1  serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 2 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q64303, Q9QYU0
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A0A8L2R675, A6IRU5
    Nucleotide Protein Strain
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q64303.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q64303

    Gene LinkOut

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