DDL SMAD/FHA domain-containing protein [Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)] - Gene

Summary

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Gene symbol: DDL
Gene description: SMAD/FHA domain-containing protein
Primary source: Araport:AT3G20550
Locus tag: AT3G20550
See related: TAIR:AT3G20550
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype: Columbia)
Lineage: Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta; Spermatophyta; Magnoliopsida; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae; Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae; Arabidopsis
Also known as: DAWDLE
Summary: Encodes a nuclear localized FHA (forhkead) domain containing protein.Mutant plants have shortened roots, delayed flowering time, altered floral organ number, defective floral organs and reduced fertility.Ddl mutants also show reduced levels of pri-miRNAs as well as mature miRNAs suggesting involvement in biogenesis of miRNAs. DDL does not affect transcription of miRNAs directly but may act through other proteins such as DCL.
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Genomic context

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See DDL in Genome Data Viewer

Location:: chromosome: 3

Exon count:: 11

Sequence:: Chromosome: 3; NC_003074.8 (7174436..7178020, complement)

Chromosome 3 - NC_003074.8 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:: NC_003074.8

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

DDL is required for the biogenesis of miRNAs and siRNAs.DDL interacts with DCL3, but not DCL4.DDL is required for the optimal activity of DCL1 and DCL3.
Title: DAWDLE Interacts with DICER-LIKE Proteins to Mediate Small RNA Biogenesis.
identified DDL as a physiological target of protein PARylation in plant immunity, which is uncoupled from its function in plant development
Title: PARylation of the forkhead-associated domain protein DAWDLE regulates plant immunity.
the recognition of the target residue by the canonical binding cleft of the DDL FHA domain as the key molecular event to instate FHA domain-mediated protein-protein interaction in plant miRNA processing
Title: Crystal structure of Arabidopsis thaliana Dawdle forkhead-associated domain reveals a conserved phospho-threonine recognition cleft for dicer-like 1 binding.
propose that DDL participates in miRNA biogenesis by facilitating DCL1 to access or recognize pri-miRNAs
Title: The FHA domain proteins DAWDLE in Arabidopsis and SNIP1 in humans act in small RNA biogenesis.
DDL is expressed in the root and shoot meristems and the reduced size of the root apical meristem in ddl plants suggests a role early in organ development.
Title: DAWDLE, a forkhead-associated domain gene, regulates multiple aspects of plant development.

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Homology

Orthologs from OrthoDB

NM_112947.4

Supported by ESTs:

Gene Ontology Provided by TAIR

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables RNA binding	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within cell division	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within miRNA processing	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within miRNA processing	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of developmental growth	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in nucleus	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in nucleus	ISM Inferred from Sequence Model more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: SMAD/FHA domain-containing protein

NP_188691.1

DAWDLE (DDL); FUNCTIONS IN: molecular_function unknown; INVOLVED IN: cell proliferation, production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA; LOCATED IN: cytosol, nucleus, chloroplast; EXPRESSED IN: 23 plant structures; EXPRESSED DURING: 13 growth stages; CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: SMAD/FHA domain (InterPro:IPR008984), Forkhead-associated (FHA) domain (InterPro:IPR000253); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: unknown protein (TAIR:AT2G24410.1); Has 20960 Blast hits to 11868 proteins in 728 species: Archae - 18; Bacteria - 1126; Metazoa - 10847; Fungi - 2610; Plants - 1671; Viruses - 61; Other Eukaryotes - 4627 (source: NCBI BLink).

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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Genome Annotation

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference assembly

Genomic

NC_003074.8 Reference assembly

Range

7174436..7178020 complement

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GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_112947.4 → NP_188691.1 SMAD/FHA domain-containing protein [Arabidopsis thaliana]

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_188691.1

Status: REVIEWED

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Q8W4D8, Q9LJU3

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A5S9XE78, A0A654FAZ2

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd00060
Location:195 → 302

FHA; Forkhead associated domain (FHA); found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic proteins. Putative nuclear signalling domain. FHA domains may bind phosphothreonine, phosphoserine and sometimes phosphotyrosine. In eukaryotes, many FHA domain-containing proteins ...