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    Txnrd1 thioredoxin reductase 1 [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ]

    Gene ID: 50493, updated on 11-Apr-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    Txnrd1provided by MGI
    Official Full Name
    thioredoxin reductase 1provided by MGI
    Primary source
    MGI:MGI:1354175
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000020250 AllianceGenome:MGI:1354175
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Mus musculus
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
    Also known as
    TR; TR1; TrxR1
    Summary
    The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family, and is a member of the thioredoxin (Trx) system. Three thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) isozymes are found in mammals. TrxRs are selenocysteine-containing flavoenzymes, which reduce thioredoxins, as well as other substrates, and play a key role in redox homoeostasis. This gene encodes an ubiquitously expressed, cytosolic form of TrxR, which functions as a homodimer containing FAD, and selenocysteine (Sec) at the active site. Sec is encoded by UGA codon that normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTRs of selenoprotein mRNAs contain a conserved stem-loop structure, the Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element, which is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon rather than as a stop signal. Alternative splicing, primarily at the 5' end, results in transcript variants encoding same or different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, May 2017]
    Expression
    Ubiquitous expression in duodenum adult (RPKM 37.4), large intestine adult (RPKM 32.2) and 28 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    human all
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    Genomic context

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    Location:
    10 C1; 10 40.66 cM
    Exon count:
    17
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_02 current GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) 10 NC_000076.7 (82669785..82733558)
    108.20200622 previous assembly GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) 10 NC_000076.6 (82833951..82897724)

    Chromosome 10 - NC_000076.7Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene host cell factor C2 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E6891 Neighboring gene nuclear transcription factor-Y beta Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_27374 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_27375 Neighboring gene RIKEN cDNA 1700028I16 gene Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_27376 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E9798 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_27377 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_27378 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 38560 Neighboring gene EP300 interacting inhibitor of differentiation 3 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E3903 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E5161 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E10633 Neighboring gene predicted gene, 33781 Neighboring gene predicted gene 4799

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
    • Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
    • BioProject: PRJNA66167
    • Publication: PMID 25409824
    • Analysis date: n/a

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Targeted inhibition of TXNRD1 prevents cartilage extracellular matrix degeneration by activating Nrf2 pathway in osteoarthritis. Liang J, et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2022 Dec 20. PMID 36308906
    2. Deletion of Thioredoxin Reductase Disrupts Redox Homeostasis and Impairs β-Cell Function. Stancill JS, et al. Function (Oxf), 2022. PMID 35873655, Free PMC Article
    3. Thioredoxin Reductase 1 Modulates Pigmentation and Photobiology of Murine Melanocytes in vivo. Carpenter EL, et al. J Invest Dermatol, 2022 Jul. PMID 35031135, Free PMC Article
    4. Overexpression of thioredoxin reductase 1 can reduce DNA damage, mitochondrial autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress in Parkinson's disease. Liu Z, et al. Exp Brain Res, 2021 Feb. PMID 33230666
    5. Protective effect of thioredoxin reductase 1 in Parkinson's disease. Liu Z, et al. Neurosci Lett, 2021 Jan 10. PMID 33171211

    See all (81) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. TXNRD1 drives the innate immune response in senescent cells with implications for age-associated inflammation.
      Title: TXNRD1 drives the innate immune response in senescent cells with implications for age-associated inflammation.
    2. Thioredoxin reductase 1 regulates hepatic inflammation and macrophage activation during acute cholestatic liver injury.
      Title: Thioredoxin reductase 1 regulates hepatic inflammation and macrophage activation during acute cholestatic liver injury.
    3. Deletion of Thioredoxin Reductase Disrupts Redox Homeostasis and Impairs beta-Cell Function.
      Title: Deletion of Thioredoxin Reductase Disrupts Redox Homeostasis and Impairs β-Cell Function.
    4. Targeted inhibition of TXNRD1 prevents cartilage extracellular matrix degeneration by activating Nrf2 pathway in osteoarthritis.
      Title: Targeted inhibition of TXNRD1 prevents cartilage extracellular matrix degeneration by activating Nrf2 pathway in osteoarthritis.
    5. Thioredoxin Reductase 1 Modulates Pigmentation and Photobiology of Murine Melanocytes in vivo.
      Title: Thioredoxin Reductase 1 Modulates Pigmentation and Photobiology of Murine Melanocytes in vivo.
    6. Overexpression of thioredoxin reductase 1 can reduce DNA damage, mitochondrial autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress in Parkinson's disease.
      Title: Overexpression of thioredoxin reductase 1 can reduce DNA damage, mitochondrial autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress in Parkinson's disease.
    7. Protective effect of thioredoxin reductase 1 in Parkinson's disease.
      Title: Protective effect of thioredoxin reductase 1 in Parkinson's disease.
    8. Control of protein function through oxidation and reduction of persulfidated states.
      Title: Control of protein function through oxidation and reduction of persulfidated states.
    9. In this study we have used the mouse RAW 264.7 macrophage and the human THP-1 monocyte cell line to investigate the pattern of expression of three Nrf2 target genes, PRDX1, TXN reductase (TXNRD1) and heme oxygenase (HMOX1), by activation of different Toll-like receptors (TLRs)
      Title: Differential induction of nuclear factor-like 2 signature genes with toll-like receptor stimulation.
    10. TrxR1, Gsr, Nrf2, and oxidative stress are major determinants of liver cancer but in a complex, context-dependent manner.
      Title: TrxR1, Gsr, and oxidative stress determine hepatocellular carcinoma malignancy.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (44)

    Variation

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    Alleles

    Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics  (MGI)
    • Gene trapped (1) 
    • Targeted (4)  1 citation
    • Endonuclease-mediated (2) 

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables FAD binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables NAD(P)H oxidase H2O2-forming activity ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables NADPH peroxidase activity ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables flavin adenine dinucleotide binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables identical protein binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables mercury ion binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables oxidoreductase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, NAD(P) as acceptor IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables selenate reductase activity ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables thioredoxin-disulfide reductase (NADPH) activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables thioredoxin-disulfide reductase (NADPH) activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables thioredoxin-disulfide reductase (NADPH) activity ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in NADPH oxidation ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in benzene-containing compound metabolic process ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within cell population proliferation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in cell redox homeostasis IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within cellular oxidant detoxification IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    acts_upstream_of_or_within gastrulation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in hydrogen peroxide catabolic process ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within mesoderm formation IMP
    Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of apoptotic process ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in response to oxidative stress ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in selenocysteine metabolic process ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in cytoplasm IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    is_active_in cytosol IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in cytosol IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in fibrillar center ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in mitochondrion HDA PubMed 
    is_active_in mitochondrion IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in neuronal cell body ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in nucleoplasm ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in nucleus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic
    Names
    TR alpha
    peroxidase TXNRD1
    thioredoxin reductase TR1
    NP_001035978.1
    NP_001035979.1
    NP_001035988.1
    NP_056577.2

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001042513.1 → NP_001035978.1  thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001035978.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the predominant transcript and encodes isoform 1. Variants 1-3 encode the same isoform.
      Source sequence(s)
      AB027565, AK149625, CJ136679, CJ235434
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS24072.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q9JMH6
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000151825.3, ENSMUST00000219962.3
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      TIGR01438
      Location:11 → 499
      TGR; thioredoxin and glutathione reductase selenoprotein
      pfam00070
      Location:192 → 268
      Pyr_redox; Pyridine nucleotide-disulphide oxidoreductase
      pfam02852
      Location:371 → 481
      Pyr_redox_dim; Pyridine nucleotide-disulphide oxidoreductase, dimerization domain

    2. NM_001042514.1 → NP_001035979.1  thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001035979.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1-3 encode the same isoform (1).
      Source sequence(s)
      AB027565, CJ235434, CX562215
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS24072.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q9JMH6
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000152046.3, ENSMUST00000219442.3
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      TIGR01438
      Location:11 → 499
      TGR; thioredoxin and glutathione reductase selenoprotein
      pfam00070
      Location:192 → 268
      Pyr_redox; Pyridine nucleotide-disulphide oxidoreductase
      pfam02852
      Location:371 → 481
      Pyr_redox_dim; Pyridine nucleotide-disulphide oxidoreductase, dimerization domain

    3. NM_001042523.1 → NP_001035988.1  thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic isoform 2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001035988.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (4) represents the use of an alternate upstream promoter, and contains 2 novel exons compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) has a longer and distinct N-terminus, resulting from translation initiation at an alternate in-frame start codon, compared to isoform 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AB027565, AF333036, CJ235434
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS88064.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q3UEB7, Q3UK84, Q8CI31, Q99P49, Q9CSV5, Q9JMH6
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000151629.3, ENSMUST00000219368.3
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      TIGR01438
      Location:125 → 613
      TGR; thioredoxin and glutathione reductase selenoprotein
      pfam00070
      Location:306 → 382
      Pyr_redox; Pyridine nucleotide-disulphide oxidoreductase
      pfam02852
      Location:485 → 595
      Pyr_redox_dim; Pyridine nucleotide-disulphide oxidoreductase, dimerization domain

    4. NM_015762.2 → NP_056577.2  thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic isoform 1

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_056577.2

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks a 5' non-coding exon; therefore, has a shorter 5' UTR compared to variant 1. Variants 1-3 encode the same isoform (1).
      Source sequence(s)
      AB027565, CJ235434
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS24072.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q9JMH6
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000020484.8, ENSMUST00000020484.9
      Conserved Domains (3) summary
      TIGR01438
      Location:11 → 499
      TGR; thioredoxin and glutathione reductase selenoprotein
      pfam00070
      Location:192 → 268
      Pyr_redox; Pyridine nucleotide-disulphide oxidoreductase
      pfam02852
      Location:371 → 481
      Pyr_redox_dim; Pyridine nucleotide-disulphide oxidoreductase, dimerization domain

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

    Genomic

    1. NC_000076.7 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

      Range
      82669785..82733558
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Nucleotide Protein Strain
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q9JMH6.3 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q9JMH6

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

    Other Literature Sources
    Chemical Information
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