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    Apex2 apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 2 [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ]

    Gene ID: 77622, updated on 30-Apr-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    Apex2provided by MGI
    Official Full Name
    apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 2provided by MGI
    Primary source
    MGI:MGI:1924872
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000025269 AllianceGenome:MGI:1924872
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    VALIDATED
    Organism
    Mus musculus
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
    Also known as
    ape2; C430040P13Rik
    Summary
    Predicted to enable DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease activity; double-stranded DNA 3'-5' exodeoxyribonuclease activity; and phosphoric diester hydrolase activity. Predicted to be involved in base-excision repair. Predicted to act upstream of or within DNA recombination and DNA repair. Located in mitochondrial inner membrane and nucleus. Orthologous to human APEX2 (apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
    Expression
    Ubiquitous expression in liver E14.5 (RPKM 5.0), liver E14 (RPKM 4.2) and 28 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    human all
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    Genomic context

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    Location:
    X F3; X 68.46 cM
    Exon count:
    13
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_02 current GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) X NC_000086.8 (149286625..149371175, complement)
    108.20200622 previous assembly GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) X NC_000086.7 (150426974..150588206, complement)

    Chromosome X - NC_000086.8Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene methylphosphate capping enzyme pseudogene Neighboring gene VCP nuclear cofactor family member 2 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer mm9_chrX:146893310-146893611 Neighboring gene zinc finger CCCH type containing 14 pseudogene Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_48069 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_48070 Neighboring gene microRNA 3620 Neighboring gene Alas2R1 erythroid cis-regulatory module Neighboring gene aminolevulinic acid synthase 2, erythroid Neighboring gene Alas2R3 erythroid cis-regulatory module Neighboring gene 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 1 Neighboring gene trophinin Neighboring gene voltage-dependent anion channel 1 pseudogene

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
    • Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
    • BioProject: PRJNA66167
    • Publication: PMID 25409824
    • Analysis date: n/a

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. The DNA repair enzyme apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (Apex nuclease) 2 has the potential to protect against down-regulation of chondrocyte activity in osteoarthritis. Yui N, et al. Int J Mol Sci, 2014 Aug 25. PMID 25158232, Free PMC Article
    2. Apex2 is required for efficient somatic hypermutation but not for class switch recombination of immunoglobulin genes. Sabouri Z, et al. Int Immunol, 2009 Aug. PMID 19556307
    3. Altered gene expression profiles and higher frequency of spontaneous DNA strand breaks in APEX2-null thymus. Dan Y, et al. DNA Repair (Amst), 2008 Sep 1. PMID 18585982
    4. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 2 regulates the expansion of germinal centers by protecting against activation-induced cytidine deaminase-independent DNA damage in B cells. Guikema JE, et al. J Immunol, 2014 Jul 15. PMID 24935922, Free PMC Article
    5. APE1- and APE2-dependent DNA breaks in immunoglobulin class switch recombination. Guikema JE, et al. J Exp Med, 2007 Nov 26. PMID 18025127, Free PMC Article

    See all (28) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. APE2 Promotes AID-Dependent Somatic Hypermutation in Primary B Cell Cultures That Is Suppressed by APE1.
      Title: APE2 Promotes AID-Dependent Somatic Hypermutation in Primary B Cell Cultures That Is Suppressed by APE1.
    2. Subcellular proteomics of dopamine neurons in the mouse brain.
      Title: Subcellular proteomics of dopamine neurons in the mouse brain.
    3. expression of Apex 2 in chondrocytes appears to be associated with the degeneration of articular cartilage in osteoarthritis.
      Title: The DNA repair enzyme apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (Apex nuclease) 2 has the potential to protect against down-regulation of chondrocyte activity in osteoarthritis.
    4. Results indicate a role for apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE) 2 (Apex2) in the protection of germinal center (GC) cells from activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)-independent damage.
      Title: Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 2 regulates the expansion of germinal centers by protecting against activation-induced cytidine deaminase-independent DNA damage in B cells.
    5. data provide new insight into error-prone repair of AID-induced lesions, which we propose is facilitated by down-regulation of APE1 and up-regulation of APE2 expression in germinal center B cells.
      Title: Differential expression of APE1 and APE2 in germinal centers promotes error-prone repair and A:T mutations during somatic hypermutation.
    6. Extensive analysis of bone marrow hematopoiesis in APE2-deficient mice finds inhibition of the pro-B to pre-B lymphocyte transition, due to a p53-dependent DNA damage response, independent from its ubiquitous and essential homolog APE1.
      Title: Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 2 is necessary for normal B cell development and recovery of lymphoid progenitors after chemotherapeutic challenge.
    7. Apex2 is required for efficient somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes.
      Title: Apex2 is required for efficient somatic hypermutation but not for class switch recombination of immunoglobulin genes.
    8. The present study clearly demonstrates that APEX2-null lymphocytes have a higher frequency of DNA breaks, indicating that APEX2 may play an important role(s) during their generation and/or repair.
      Title: Altered gene expression profiles and higher frequency of spontaneous DNA strand breaks in APEX2-null thymus.
    9. Both APE1 and APE2 function in antibody switch recomibination, resulting in double stranded breaks necesary for this recombination.
      Title: APE1- and APE2-dependent DNA breaks in immunoglobulin class switch recombination.
    10. APEX2 is required for proper cell cycle progression of proliferating lymphocytes.
      Title: Growth retardation and dyslymphopoiesis accompanied by G2/M arrest in APEX2-null mice.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (11)

    Variation

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    Alleles

    Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics  (MGI)
    • Endonuclease-mediated (3) 
    • Targeted (1)  1 citation

    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables DNA binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables catalytic activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables double-stranded DNA 3'-5' DNA exonuclease activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables endonuclease activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables exonuclease activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables hydrolase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables metal ion binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables nuclease activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables phosphoric diester hydrolase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables zinc ion binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    acts_upstream_of_or_within DNA damage response IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within DNA recombination IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within DNA repair IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in DNA repair IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in base-excision repair IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within cell cycle IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in cytoplasm IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    located_in fibrillar center ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in intracellular membrane-bounded organelle ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in mitochondrial inner membrane IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in mitochondrion HDA PubMed 
    located_in nucleoplasm ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in nucleus IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in nucleus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease 2
    Names
    AP endonuclease 2
    APEX nuclease 2
    DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase 2
    NP_084219.1
    XP_006529054.1
    XP_011246181.1
    XP_030107378.1
    XP_036018008.1
    XP_036018009.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_029943.3 → NP_084219.1  DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease 2

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_084219.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      AL672150
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS30463.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q68G58, Q8BJP7, Q8BTR7, Q8BUZ2, Q8BYE9, Q8R018, Q8R328, Q9CS12
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A2AFM3
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000026303.10, ENSMUST00000026303.16
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd09088
      Location:3 → 310
      Ape2-like_AP-endo; Human Ape2-like subfamily of the ExoIII family purinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonucleases
      pfam06839
      Location:463 → 512
      zf-GRF; GRF zinc finger

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

    Genomic

    1. NC_000086.8 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

      Range
      149286625..149371175 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_030251518.2 → XP_030107378.1  DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease 2 isoform X2

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      F7CPY7
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000108345.2, ENSMUST00000112725.8
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl00490
      Location:3 → 222
      EEP; Exonuclease-Endonuclease-Phosphatase (EEP) domain superfamily

    2. XM_036162115.1 → XP_036018008.1  DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease 2 isoform X4

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      F7CPY7
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl00490
      Location:3 → 223
      EEP; Exonuclease-Endonuclease-Phosphatase (EEP) domain superfamily

    3. XM_036162116.1 → XP_036018009.1  DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease 2 isoform X5

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A2AFM5
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000108339.2, ENSMUST00000112719.2
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl00490
      Location:3 → 213
      EEP; Exonuclease-Endonuclease-Phosphatase (EEP) domain superfamily

    4. XM_011247879.4 → XP_011246181.1  DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease 2 isoform X3

      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      F7CPY7
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl00490
      Location:3 → 223
      EEP; Exonuclease-Endonuclease-Phosphatase (EEP) domain superfamily

    5. XM_006528991.4 → XP_006529054.1  DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease 2 isoform X1

      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q68G58, Q8BJP7, Q8BTR7, Q8BUZ2, Q8BYE9, Q8R018, Q8R328, Q9CS12
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      cd09088
      Location:3 → 320
      Ape2-like_AP-endo; Human Ape2-like subfamily of the ExoIII family purinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonucleases
      pfam06839
      Location:473 → 522
      zf-GRF; GRF zinc finger

    RNA

    1. XR_878269.4 RNA Sequence

    2. XR_878270.4 RNA Sequence

    Nucleotide Protein Strain
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q68G58.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q68G58

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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