Mt2A metallothionein 2A [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Mt2Aprovided by RGD
Official Full Name: metallothionein 2Aprovided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:1592345
See related: Ensembl:ENSRNOG00000043098 AllianceGenome:RGD:1592345
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: PROVISIONAL
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Also known as: Mt2; MT-2; MT-II
Summary: Enables cadmium ion binding activity and zinc ion binding activity. Involved in astrocyte activation. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and nucleus. Biomarker of Alzheimer's disease; kidney failure; median neuropathy; retinitis pigmentosa; and transient cerebral ischemia. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in carotid stenosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Orthologous to several human genes including MT1E (metallothionein 1E); MT1F (metallothionein 1F); and MT1X (metallothionein 1X). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
Expression: Biased expression in Kidney (RPKM 2051.5), Testes (RPKM 567.3) and 3 other tissues See more
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Genomic context

Location:: 19p12

Exon count:: 3

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	19	NC_086037.1 (10837934..10838708, complement)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	19	NC_051354.1 (10832009..10832783, complement)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	19	NC_005118.4 (11307966..11308740, complement)

Chromosome 19 - NC_086037.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Genomic Sequence:

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Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Downregulation of metallothionein-2 contributes to oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain.
Title: Downregulation of metallothionein-2 contributes to oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain.
acute attack of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis was followed by increased expression of metallothioneins in molecular and granular cell layer of hippocampus.
Title: Hippocampal expressions of metallothionein I/II and glycoprotein 96 in EAE-prone and EAE-resistant strains of rats.
observe a huge increase in MT3 transcripts in both cortical and hippocampal areas, while the MT1/2 mRNA content increases slightly, returning to the levels measured in adolescent rats
Title: Age-related changes of metallothionein 1/2 and metallothionein 3 expression in rat brain.
The recurrent seizures plus normal diet group showed worse performances in neurological reflex tests and reduced latencies to myoclonic seizures induced by penicillin compared with the control, which was concomitant with altered expressions of ZnT-7, MT-1, MT-2, and ZIP7.
Title: Long-Term Effects of Ketogenic Diet on Subsequent Seizure-Induced Brain Injury During Early Adulthood: Relationship of Seizure Thresholds to Zinc Transporter-Related Gene Expressions.
Melatonin -exhibited anti-allodynia is mediated by MT2-enhanced PP2Ac expression that couples PP2Ac with HDAC4 to induce HDAC4 dephosphorylation and nuclear import, herein increases HDAC4 binding to the promoter of hmgb1 gene and upregulates HMGB1 expression in dorsal horn neurons.
Title: Melatonin relieves neuropathic allodynia through spinal MT2-enhanced PP2Ac and downstream HDAC4 shuttling-dependent epigenetic modification of hmgb1 transcription.
MT-I/II are required for the conditioning lesion effect and can promote axonal regeneration in the injured central nervous system.
Title: Metallothionein-I/II Promotes Axonal Regeneration in the Central Nervous System.
Hepatic expression of metallothionein I/II, glycoprotein 96, IL-6, and TGF- beta in rat strains contributed to different susceptibilities to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
Title: Hepatic expression of metallothionein I/II, glycoprotein 96, IL-6, and TGF- β in rat strains with different susceptibilities to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
Data suggest magnesium deficiency enhances liver zinc uptake by up-regulating expression of Zip14/Slc39a14 (solute carrier family 39, member 14); increased liver content of zinc leads to up-regulation of expression of metallothioneins (Mt1 and Mt2).
Title: Magnesium and calcium deficiencies additively increase zinc concentrations and metallothionein expression in the rat liver.
endogenous MT-I/II might play an important role in the pathogenesis of pain behaviors, participating in the initiation of inflammatory and neuropathic pain rather than in their maintenance
Title: Expression and functional role of metallothioneins I and II in the spinal cord in inflammatory and neuropathic pain models.
Metallothionein-2 expression is regulated by psychological stress in adult male and female rats.
Title: Glucocorticoids regulate metallothionein-1/2 expression in rat choroid plexus: effects on apoptosis.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (16)

General gene information

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Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables cadmium ion binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables zinc ion binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables zinc ion binding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in astrocyte activation	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to erythropoietin	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to interleukin-3	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to zinc ion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to zinc ion	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within detoxification of copper ion	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within intracellular zinc ion homeostasis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in negative regulation of growth	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within nitric oxide mediated signal transduction	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within response to bacterium	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in cytoplasm	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in nucleus	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: metallothionein-2

Names: metallothionein-II

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.