Genome

Ornithorhynchus anatinus (platypus) Ornithorhynchus anatinus, or duck-billed platypus, is a primitive egg-laying mammal Lineage: Eukaryota[13882]; Metazoa[6614]; Chordata[3172]; Craniata[3144]; Vertebrata[3144]; Euteleostomi[3111]; Mammalia[848]; Monotremata[2]; Ornithorhynchidae[1]; Ornithorhynchus[1]; Ornithorhynchus anatinus[1]

Ornithorhynchus anatinus, or duck-billed platypus, is an important model organism for developmental, evolutionary, and genomic studies. The platypus and two species of echidna comprise the monotremes (prototherian mammals). Monotremes diverged from therian mammals (marsupials and placentals) approximately 210 million years ago and, not surprisingly, More...retain a mixture of reptilian and mammalian features. Monotremes are best known for their mixture of primitive and derived reproductive traits. For example, monotremes lay eggs but also have mammary glands. In platypus, eggs are nourished in the uterus for approximately 28 days and then externally incubated for 10 days. As in birds and other reptiles, the platypus karyotype consists of a few macrochromosomes and many microchromosomes. Platypus have 52 chromosomes. Males are heterogametic with 21 paired chromosomes and 10 unpaired chromosomes (X1-5 and Y1-5). During meiosis these unpaired chromosomes form a linked chain of elements. Though the sex determination system of monotremes is still incompletely understood it offers tantalizing clues to the ancestral sex determination system of birds and placental mammals. Less...

Summary Sequence data:  genome assemblies: 4; sequence reads: 1  (See  Genome Assembly and Annotation report) Statistics:  median total length (Mb): 1924.85  median protein count: 38747  median GC%: 46.2349 NCBI Annotation Release:  105 Publications (limited to 20 most recent records) Platypus and echidna genomes reveal mammalian biology and evolution. Zhou Y, et al. Nature 2021 Apr Complete vertebrate mitogenomes reveal widespread repeats and gene duplications. Formenti G, et al. Genome Biol 2021 Apr 29 Towards complete and error-free genome assemblies of all vertebrate species. Rhie A, et al. Nature 2021 Apr Genome analysis of the platypus reveals unique signatures of evolution. Warren WC, et al. Nature 2008 May 8 Radiation of extant marsupials after the K/T boundary: evidence from complete mitochondrial genomes. Nilsson MA, et al. J Mol Evol 2003 The mitochondrial genome of a monotreme--the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus). Janke A, et al. J Mol Evol 1996 Feb More...  Representative (genome information for reference and representative genomes) Reference genome:   Ornithorhynchus anatinus mOrnAna1.pri.v4 Submitter: Vertebrate Genomes Project Loc Type Name RefSeq INSDC Size (Mb) GC% Protein rRNA tRNA Other RNA Gene Pseudogene Chr 1 NC_041728.1 CM014200.1 186.51 45.0 2,447 2 27 1,386 2,390 36 Chr 2 NC_041729.1 CM014201.1 171.72 45.3 2,681 10 36 1,039 2,280 46 Chr 3 NC_041730.1 CM014202.1 141.99 45.8 2,661 1 31 919 2,168 37 Chr 4 NC_041731.1 CM014203.1 136.09 44.9 2,104 - 23 962 1,765 26 Chr 5 NC_041732.1 CM014204.1 110.29 46.9 2,345 - 66 736 1,853 18 Chr 6 NC_041733.1 CM014205.1 51.49 46.6 1,100 - 13 350 830 7 Chr 7 NC_041734.1 CM014206.1 83.34 46.1 1,800 - 33 583 1,262 8 Chr 8 NC_041735.1 CM014207.1 70.95 45.4 1,371 - 11 470 1,138 108 Chr 9 NC_041736.1 CM014208.1 61.86 45.1 1,216 - 7 391 823 8 Chr 10 NC_041737.1 CM014209.1 59.44 45.9 1,596 - 14 474 1,147 22 Chr 11 NC_041738.1 CM014210.1 63.51 48.6 1,838 - 21 419 1,301 9 Chr 12 NC_041739.1 CM014211.1 60.46 45.2 945 - 11 388 734 35 Chr 13 NC_041740.1 CM014212.1 42.29 47.2 1,323 - 31 260 854 7 Chr 14 NC_041741.1 CM014213.1 52.89 45.7 1,203 - 8 367 868 8 Chr 15 NC_041742.1 CM014214.1 26.38 48.0 672 - 5 212 514 48 Chr 16 NC_041743.1 CM014215.1 46.4 47.4 1,492 - 4 318 928 4 Chr 17 NC_041744.1 CM014216.1 45.54 46.8 1,255 - 6 459 1,019 16 Chr 18 NC_041745.1 CM014217.1 44.68 47.0 950 - 3 328 665 2 Chr 19 NC_041746.1 CM014218.1 35.12 45.9 855 - 3 223 545 6 Chr 20 NC_041747.1 CM014219.1 30.54 46.8 893 - 4 272 527 2 Chr 21 NC_041748.1 CM014220.1 24.51 51.4 899 - 7 186 605 4 Chr X1 NC_041749.1 CM014221.1 125.04 45.5 2,463 - 18 1,238 2,078 23 Chr X2 NC_041750.1 CM014222.1 29.66 48.9 1,129 - 2 240 691 8 Chr X3 NC_041751.1 CM014223.1 33.86 44.7 551 - 129 236 652 31 Chr X4 NC_041752.1 CM014224.1 8.64 53.1 367 - 1 39 260 19 Chr X5 NC_041753.1 CM014225.1 70.14 46.2 1,755 - 118 575 1,698 88 Chr Y1 NC_053175.1 CM022557.1 1.23 46.7 15 - - 4 13 - Chr Y2 NC_053176.1 CM026824.1 4.6 46.4 30 - - 8 26 1 Chr Y3 NC_053177.1 CM026825.1 2.47 50.0 24 - - 7 19 - Chr Y4 NC_053178.1 CM022558.1 1.02 48.0 10 - 3 4 17 4 Chr Y5 NC_053179.1 CM026826.1 2.21 45.1 67 - - 13 29 1 MT NC_000891.1 CM016609.2 0.02 37.1 13 2 22 - 37 - Un - . - 34.39 51.8 677 - 14 194 768 214 Chromosomes Click on chromosome name to open Genome Data Viewer External Resources CHORI-Platypus BAC Library Platypus Genome at Washington University White Paper