Genome

Gallus gallus (chicken) The red junglefowl or domestic chicken Lineage: Eukaryota[15557]; Metazoa[7782]; Chordata[3579]; Craniata[3544]; Vertebrata[3544]; Euteleostomi[3500]; Archelosauria[1076]; Archosauria[1039]; Dinosauria[1034]; Saurischia[1034]; Theropoda[1034]; Coelurosauria[1034]; Aves[1034]; Neognathae[1009]; Galloanserae[81]; Galliformes[35]; Phasianidae[27]; Phasianinae[11]; Gallus[1]; Gallus gallus[1]

The chicken is a domesticated form of the red junglefowl (Gallus gallus) that is native to Asia. The chicken is an important agricultural animal and has served as a model organism in many areas of biomedical research; it is one of the primary models for embryology and development, the study of viruses, and cancer. The chicken genome is less than More...half the size of that of mouse or human, and consists of 38 autosomes and two sex chromosomes, referred to as Z and W. Unlike mammals, male birds are homozygous (ZZ) while females are heterozygous (ZW). Chicken chromosomes, like other avian species, exhibit a much greater variation in size ranging from 200 Mb to 5 Mb; the smaller chromosomes are termed "microchromosomes". Less...

Summary Sequence data:  genome assemblies: 41; sequence reads: 46  (See  Genome Assembly and Annotation report) Statistics:  median total length (Mb): 1046.25  median protein count: 68344  median GC%: 42.0714 NCBI Annotation Release:  106 Publications (limited to 20 most recent records) High quality assemblies of four indigenous chicken genomes and related functional data resources. Wu S, et al. Sci Data 2024 Mar 15 Evolutionary analysis of a complete chicken genome. Huang Z, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023 Feb 21 De Novo Assembly of 20 Chicken Genomes Reveals the Undetectable Phenomenon for Thousands of Core Genes on Microchromosomes and Subtelomeric Regions. Li M, et al. Mol Biol Evol 2022 Apr 10 Towards complete and error-free genome assemblies of all vertebrate species. Rhie A, et al. Nature 2021 Apr Avian W and mammalian Y chromosomes convergently retained dosage-sensitive regulators. Bellott DW, et al. Nat Genet 2017 Mar A second TCRδ locus in Galliformes uses antibody-like V domains: insight into the evolution of TCRδ and TCRμ genes in tetrapods. Parra ZE, et al. J Immunol 2012 Apr 15 Convergent evolution of chicken Z and human X chromosomes by expansion and gene acquisition. Bellott DW, et al. Nature 2010 Jul 29 Full-length cDNAs from chicken bursal lymphocytes to facilitate gene function analysis. Caldwell RB, et al. Genome Biol 2005 The chicken leukocyte receptor complex: a highly diverse multigene family encoding at least six structurally distinct receptor types. Viertlboeck BC, et al. J Immunol 2005 Jul 1 Sequence and comparative analysis of the chicken genome provide unique perspectives on vertebrate evolution. International Chicken Genome Sequencing Consortium Nature 2004 Dec 9 A 260-kDa filamin/ABP-related protein in chicken gizzard smooth muscle cells is a new component of the dense plaques and dense bodies of smooth muscle. Tachikawa M, et al. J Biochem 1997 Aug Characterization of cDNAs encoding the chick retinoic acid receptor gamma 2 and preferential distribution of retinoic acid receptor gamma transcripts during chick skin development. Michaille JJ, et al. Dev Dyn 1994 Dec Sequence and gene organization of the chicken mitochondrial genome. A novel gene order in higher vertebrates. Desjardins P, et al. J Mol Biol 1990 Apr 20 More...  Representative (genome information for reference and representative genomes) Reference genome:   Gallus gallus bGalGal1.mat.broiler.GRCg7b Submitter: Vertebrate Genomes Project Loc Type Name RefSeq INSDC Size (Mb) GC% Protein rRNA tRNA Other RNA Gene Pseudogene Chr 1 NC_052532.1 CM028482.1 196.45 40.4 9,068 - 41 2,393 3,542 22 Chr 2 NC_052533.1 CM028483.1 149.54 40.1 6,315 1 58 1,740 2,419 4 Chr 3 NC_052534.1 CM028484.1 110.64 40.2 5,194 - 19 1,512 1,965 6 Chr 4 NC_052535.1 CM028485.1 90.86 40.3 5,032 - 3 1,250 1,751 5 Chr 5 NC_052536.1 CM028486.1 59.51 41.3 4,394 - 11 882 1,418 1 Chr 6 NC_052537.1 CM028487.1 36.22 42.2 2,538 1 3 730 843 5 Chr 7 NC_052538.1 CM028488.1 36.38 41.6 2,860 - 21 631 778 1 Chr 8 NC_052539.1 CM028489.1 29.58 42.2 2,586 - 2 441 766 3 Chr 9 NC_052540.1 CM028490.1 23.73 43.2 2,010 38 2 449 671 5 Chr 10 NC_052541.1 CM028491.1 20.45 43.6 1,859 - 16 488 634 2 Chr 11 NC_052542.1 CM028492.1 19.64 42.6 1,358 - 11 398 543 - Chr 12 NC_052543.1 CM028493.1 20.12 43.8 1,767 - 1 384 525 1 Chr 13 NC_052544.1 CM028494.1 17.91 44.9 1,275 - 1 333 505 4 Chr 14 NC_052545.1 CM028495.1 15.33 45.7 1,731 - 4 321 578 1 Chr 15 NC_052546.1 CM028496.1 12.7 45.6 1,514 - 6 287 486 - Chr 16 NC_052547.1 CM028497.1 2.71 57.6 533 52 24 125 309 26 Chr 17 NC_052548.1 CM028498.1 11.09 48.5 1,323 - 2 362 451 1 Chr 18 NC_052549.1 CM028499.1 11.62 47.6 1,326 - 13 333 449 - Chr 19 NC_052550.1 CM028500.1 10.46 47.7 1,489 - 2 339 520 2 Chr 20 NC_052551.1 CM028501.1 14.27 46.1 1,283 - 3 333 479 - Chr 21 NC_052552.1 CM028502.1 6.97 47.8 1,012 - - 134 322 - Chr 22 NC_052553.1 CM028503.1 4.69 48.6 565 - 1 154 230 - Chr 23 NC_052554.1 CM028504.1 6.25 51.2 907 - - 150 351 - Chr 24 NC_052555.1 CM028505.1 6.48 49.5 697 - - 125 244 1 Chr 25 NC_052556.1 CM028506.1 3.07 56.8 888 - 2 100 386 - Chr 26 NC_052557.1 CM028507.1 5.35 52.3 1,013 - 3 167 344 1 Chr 27 NC_052558.1 CM028508.1 5.23 52.7 1,004 - 16 153 410 1 Chr 28 NC_052559.1 CM028509.1 5.44 53.1 1,032 - 4 156 407 1 Chr 29 NC_052560.1 CM028510.1 0.73 53.0 63 - - 14 37 4 Chr 30 NC_052561.1 CM028511.1 0.76 59.3 163 - - 26 77 - Chr 31 NC_052562.1 CM028512.1 2.46 52.1 562 - - 77 268 13 Chr 32 NC_052563.1 CM028513.1 0.13 55.2 22 - - 11 15 - Chr 33 NC_052564.1 CM028514.1 3.84 49.4 224 - - 10 211 14 Chr 34 NC_052565.1 CM028515.1 3.47 57.4 587 - 1 88 308 3 Chr 35 NC_052566.1 CM028516.1 0.55 56.6 81 - - 14 49 - Chr 36 NC_052567.1 CM028517.1 0.36 58.3 39 - - 3 18 - Chr 37 NC_052568.1 CM028518.1 0.16 55.3 16 - - 14 22 - Chr 38 NC_052569.1 CM028519.1 0.67 62.2 115 - - 6 70 - Chr 39 NC_052570.1 CM028520.1 0.18 63.3 42 - - 1 20 - Chr W NC_052571.1 CM028521.1 9.11 46.6 189 - - 98 127 4 Chr Z NC_052572.1 CM028522.1 86.04 41.4 3,148 - 2 1,059 1,492 27 MT NC_053523.1 CM028585.1 0.02 46.0 13 2 22 - 37 - Un - . - 12.19 52.0 847 - 9 262 561 40 Chromosomes Click on chromosome name to open Genome Data Viewer External Resources AceBrowser ArkDB Avian Sciences Net BBSRC ChickEST Database ChickBASE ChickFPC ChickGO at AgBase ChickNET Chicken QTLdb Ensembl Chicken Genome Browser GEISHA: Gallus gallus EST and in situ hybridization analysis database GOLD GSC at Washington University in St. Louis Gallus Genome GBrowser GallusReactome NIH Intramural Sequencing Center NetVet OMIA Poultry Breeds Rare Breeds Survival Trust The Poultry Site The chicken SAGE website U.D. Chick EST Database U.S. Poultry & Egg Association UCSC Chicken Genome Browser US Poultry Genome Project