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| Status |
Public on Jun 24, 2013 |
| Title |
mTORC1 couples immune signals and metabolic programming to establish Treg cell function |
| Organism |
Mus musculus |
| Experiment type |
Expression profiling by array
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| Summary |
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway integrates diverse environmental inputs, including immune signals and metabolic cues, to direct T cell fate decisions1. Activation of mTOR, comprised of mTORC1 and mTORC2 complexes, delivers an obligatory signal for proper activation and differentiation of effector CD4+ T cells2,3, whereas in the regulatory T cell (Treg) compartment, the Akt-mTOR axis is widely acknowledged as a crucial negative regulator of Treg de novo differentiation4-8 and population expansion9. However, whether mTOR signaling affects the homeostasis and function of Tregs remains largely unexplored. Here we show that mTORC1 signaling is a pivotal positive determinant of Treg function. Tregs have elevated steady-state mTORC1 activity compared to naïve T cells. Signals via T cell receptor (TCR) and IL-2 provide major inputs for mTORC1 activation, which in turn programs suppressive function of Tregs. Disruption of mTORC1 through Treg-specific deletion of the essential component Raptor leads to a profound loss of Treg suppressive activity in vivo and development of a fatal early-onset inflammatory disorder. Mechanistically, Raptor/mTORC1 signaling in Tregs promotes cholesterol/lipid metabolism, with the mevalonate pathway particularly important for coordinating Treg proliferation and upregulation of suppressive molecules CTLA-4 and ICOS to establish Treg functional competency. In contrast, mTORC1 does not directly impact the expression of Foxp3 or anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines in Tregs, suggesting a non-conventional mechanism for Treg functional regulation. Lastly, we provide evidence that mTORC1 maintains Treg function partly through inhibiting the mTORC2 pathway. Our results demonstrate that mTORC1 acts as a fundamental ‘rheostat’ in Tregs to link immunological signals from TCR and IL-2 to lipogenic pathways and functional fitness, and highlight a central role of metabolic programming of Treg suppressive activity in immune homeostasis and tolerance.
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| Overall design |
We used microarrays to explore the gene expression profiles differentially expressed in regulatory T-cells from wild-type and CD4(cre) x Raptor(fl/fl) mice
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| Contributor(s) |
Zeng H, Neale G, Chi H |
| Citation(s) |
23812589 |
| Submission date |
May 07, 2013 |
| Last update date |
Aug 06, 2018 |
| Contact name |
Geoffrey Neale |
| E-mail(s) |
geoffrey.neale@stjude.org
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| Organization name |
St Jude Childrens Research Hospital
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| Department |
Hartwell Center
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| Street address |
262 Danny Thomas Place
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| City |
Memphis |
| State/province |
TN |
| ZIP/Postal code |
38105 |
| Country |
USA |
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| Platforms (1) |
| GPL11180 |
[HT_MG-430_PM] Affymetrix HT MG-430 PM Array Plate |
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| Samples (8)
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| Relations |
| BioProject |
PRJNA201853 |
| Supplementary file |
Size |
Download |
File type/resource |
| GSE46693_RAW.tar |
16.6 Mb |
(http)(custom) |
TAR (of CEL) |
| Processed data included within Sample table |
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