Human cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa cells; American-Type Culture Collection) were cultured in a 10 cm tissue culture plate. Cells were exposed to DMSO overnight and infected with phosphate buffered saline for 45 min under serum-free conditions. Following infection, virus was removed and fresh media containing 10% fetal bovine serum was added for the remainder of the infectious process. At 30 minutes following infection, cells were scraped into 1ml ice cold PBS and spun at 1000 rpm for 10 minutes. Supernatant was removed and cells lysates were flash frozen in liquid nitrogen. Subsequently, RNA was isolated, processed, and hybridized to Affymetrix U95A arrays.
