Has2 hyaluronan synthase 2 [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: Has2provided by RGD
Official Full Name: hyaluronan synthase 2provided by RGD
Primary source: RGD:2781
See related: Ensembl:ENSRNOG00000004854 AllianceGenome:RGD:2781
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: PROVISIONAL
Organism: Rattus norvegicus
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Summary: Enables hyaluronan synthase activity. Involved in several processes, including estrous cycle; hyaluronan biosynthetic process; and positive regulation of cell migration. Predicted to be located in cytoplasmic vesicle and plasma membrane raft. Predicted to be integral component of plasma membrane. Biomarker of diabetes insipidus; middle cerebral artery infarction; and pulmonary hypertension. Orthologous to human HAS2 (hyaluronan synthase 2). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
Expression: Biased expression in Heart (RPKM 18.4), Muscle (RPKM 17.8) and 7 other tissues See more
Orthologs: human mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 7q33

Exon count:: 4

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_02	current	GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1)	7	NC_086025.1 (90002929..90028933, complement)
RS_2023_06	previous assembly	mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2)	7	NC_051342.1 (88113326..88139337, complement)
106	previous assembly	Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5)	7	NC_005106.4 (96438046..96464049, complement)

Chromosome 7 - NC_086025.1 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
BioProject: PRJNA238328
Publication: PMID 24510058
Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Hyaluronan biosynthesis, by way of HAS2, is required for the retention of aggrecan.
Title: CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of HAS2 in rat chondrosarcoma chondrocytes demonstrates the requirement of hyaluronan for aggrecan retention.
Expression patterns of Has and Hyal genes differed between normal, acute-scarred, and chronic-scarred vocal folds, indicating the distinct roles of each enzyme in maintaining HA.
Title: Homeostasis of hyaluronic acid in normal and scarred vocal folds.
Data indicate that p38 and Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II pathways were found to be involved in the UVB-induced up-regulation of Has2 and Has3 expression.
Title: Low dose ultraviolet B irradiation increases hyaluronan synthesis in epidermal keratinocytes via sequential induction of hyaluronan synthases Has1-3 mediated by p38 and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) signaling.
HAS-1 expression was significantly decreased on rat vocal fold postinjury days 3, 7, 14, 28, and 56; HAS-2 expression was significantly decreased on postinjury days 28 and 56; HAS-3 expression was significantly decreased on postinjury day 56.
Title: Extracellular matrix gene expression during wound healing of the injured rat vocal fold.
Results provide evidence of HGF treatment effects on procollagen type III and HAS-2 gene expression pathways.
Title: Effect of hepatocyte growth factor on gene expression of extracellular matrix during wound healing of the injured rat vocal fold.
Increased expression of Has2 and MMP-1 genes from BSCs may have a positive potential in the treatment of vocal fold scarring.
Title: Expression of extracellular matrix proteins in the vocal folds and bone marrow derived stromal cells of rats.
Epidermal hyaluronan synthesis, controlled by epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor beta through changes in expression of Has2 and Has3, correlates with epidermal proliferation, thickness, and differentiation.
Title: EGF upregulates, whereas TGF-beta downregulates, the hyaluronan synthases Has2 and Has3 in organotypic keratinocyte cultures: correlations with epidermal proliferation and differentiation.
protein malnutrition has a primary impact on the gene expression of Has2 and Has3, which leads to the reduction of hyaluronan content and to disfunction of the skin
Title: Dietary protein as a potent regulator of the hyaluronan synthase gene in rat skin.
belongs to the targets of keratinocyte growth factor in keratinocytes, and support the idea that enhanced hyaluronan synthesis acts an effector for the migratory response of keratinocytes in wound healing
Title: Keratinocyte growth factor stimulates migration and hyaluronan synthesis in the epidermis by activation of keratinocyte hyaluronan synthases 2 and 3.
Has2 gene is a potent primary EGF and all-trans-RA responding gene with a complex regulation
Title: The human hyaluronan synthase 2 gene is a primary retinoic acid and epidermal growth factor responding gene.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (11)

General gene information

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Markers

PMC314332P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:272942

Hsh (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:254296

RH94426 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:119674

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables hyaluronan synthase activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables hyaluronan synthase activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables hyaluronan synthase activity	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
enables identical protein binding	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in atrioventricular canal development	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in atrioventricular canal development	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within bone morphogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to fluid shear stress	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to interleukin-1	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to platelet-derived growth factor stimulus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in cellular response to tumor necrosis factor	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in estrous cycle	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in extracellular matrix assembly	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in extracellular matrix assembly	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in extracellular matrix assembly	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in extracellular polysaccharide biosynthetic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in extracellular polysaccharide biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in extracellular polysaccharide biosynthetic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in hyaluronan biosynthetic process	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in hyaluronan biosynthetic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in hyaluronan biosynthetic process	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in hyaluronan biosynthetic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within hyaluronan metabolic process	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in kidney development	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cell migration	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of keratinocyte migration	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of keratinocyte proliferation	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of monocyte aggregation	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of urine volume	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of extracellular matrix assembly	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in renal water absorption	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in vasculogenesis	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
involved_in vasculogenesis	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in Golgi apparatus	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in Golgi apparatus	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in Golgi membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in cytoplasm	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in cytoplasmic vesicle	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in endoplasmic reticulum membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in extracellular vesicle	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in extracellular vesicle	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in lysosome	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
is_active_in plasma membrane	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
is_active_in plasma membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in plasma membrane	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info
located_in plasma membrane	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
located_in plasma membrane raft	ISO Inferred from Sequence Orthology more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: hyaluronan synthase 2

Names: HA synthase 2; hyaluronate synthase 2; hyaluronic acid synthase 2

NP_037285.1

EC 2.4.1.212

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_013153.2 → NP_037285.1 hyaluronan synthase 2

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_037285.1

Status: PROVISIONAL

Source sequence(s)

JAXUCZ010000007

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

O35776

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A6HRH9

Related

ENSRNOP00000006517.4, ENSRNOT00000006517.5

Conserved Domains (2) summary

cd06434
Location:84 → 361

GT2_HAS; Hyaluronan synthases catalyze polymerization of hyaluronan

TIGR04242
Location:48 → 463

nodulat_NodC; chitooligosaccharide synthase NodC