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    Mlx MAX-like protein X [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ]

    Gene ID: 21428, updated on 12-May-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    Mlxprovided by MGI
    Official Full Name
    MAX-like protein Xprovided by MGI
    Primary source
    MGI:MGI:108398
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000017801 AllianceGenome:MGI:108398
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    VALIDATED
    Organism
    Mus musculus
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
    Also known as
    Tf4; Tcfl4; bHLHd13
    Summary
    Predicted to enable DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity; and protein dimerization activity. Acts upstream of or within nucleocytoplasmic transport. Located in cytoplasm and nucleus. Is expressed in several structures, including alimentary system; central nervous system; eye; genitourinary system; and immune system. Orthologous to human MLX (MAX dimerization protein MLX). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
    Expression
    Ubiquitous expression in large intestine adult (RPKM 31.8), colon adult (RPKM 18.8) and 28 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    human all
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    Genomic context

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    Location:
    11 D; 11 64.18 cM
    Exon count:
    8
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_02 current GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) 11 NC_000077.7 (100978116..100983033)
    108.20200622 previous assembly GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) 11 NC_000077.6 (101086707..101092207)

    Chromosome 11 - NC_000077.7Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 1 Neighboring gene CapStarr-seq enhancer MGSCv37_chr11:100943626-100943809 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E7065 Neighboring gene Coenzyme A synthase Neighboring gene proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, ATPase 3, interacting protein Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E11773 Neighboring gene reticulophagy regulator family member 3 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E4001 Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E1843 Neighboring gene tubulin, gamma 1

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
    • Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
    • BioProject: PRJNA66167
    • Publication: PMID 25409824
    • Analysis date: n/a

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. The glucose-sensing transcription factor MLX promotes myogenesis via myokine signaling. Hunt LC, et al. Genes Dev, 2015 Dec 1. PMID 26584623, Free PMC Article
    2. Hepatic overexpression of dominant negative Mlx improves metabolic profile in diabetes-prone C57BL/6J mice. Iizuka K, et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2009 Feb 6. PMID 19121288
    3. TCFL4: a gene at 17q21.1 encoding a putative basic helix-loop-helix leucine-zipper transcription factor. Bjerknes M, et al. Gene, 1996 Nov 28. PMID 8973301
    4. Disruption of Multiple Overlapping Functions Following Stepwise Inactivation of the Extended Myc Network. Wang H, et al. Cells, 2022 Dec 16. PMID 36552851, Free PMC Article
    5. Glucose controls nuclear accumulation, promoter binding, and transcriptional activity of the MondoA-Mlx heterodimer. Peterson CW, et al. Mol Cell Biol, 2010 Jun. PMID 20385767, Free PMC Article

    See all (38) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. The glucose-sensing transcription factor MLX balances metabolism and stress to suppress apoptosis and maintain spermatogenesis.
      Title: The glucose-sensing transcription factor MLX balances metabolism and stress to suppress apoptosis and maintain spermatogenesis.
    2. MLX promotes myogenesis not via an adjustment of glucose metabolism but rather by inducing the expression of several myokines, including insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2)
      Title: The glucose-sensing transcription factor MLX promotes myogenesis via myokine signaling.
    3. Glucose is required at two additional steps to stimulate the transcription activation function of MondoA-Mlx complexes.
      Title: Glucose controls nuclear accumulation, promoter binding, and transcriptional activity of the MondoA-Mlx heterodimer.
    4. Overexpression of dominant negative Mlx improves glucose intolerance by inhibiting expression not only of lipogenic enzymes but also other important genes such as Glucose-6-phosphatase and Elovl6.
      Title: Hepatic overexpression of dominant negative Mlx improves metabolic profile in diabetes-prone C57BL/6J mice.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Variation

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    Alleles

    Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics  (MGI)
    • Endonuclease-mediated (1) 
    • Targeted (4)  1 citation

    Pathways from PubChem

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    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables DNA binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein dimerization activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables protein heterodimerization activity ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables protein homodimerization activity ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within nucleocytoplasmic transport IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of glycolytic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter by glucose IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    part_of RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in cytoplasm IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in cytoplasm ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in cytosol ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in nuclear membrane ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in nucleoplasm ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in nucleoplasm TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		  
    is_active_in nucleus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in nucleus IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    located_in nucleus ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    max-like protein X
    Names
    BigMax alpha
    MAX-like bHLHZIP protein
    protein BigMax
    transcription factor-like 4
    transcription factor-like protein 4

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001159384.1 → NP_001152856.1  max-like protein X isoform alpha

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001152856.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the shortest isoform (alpha).
      Source sequence(s)
      AF213670, AK011478, AK142605, BI202547, CK620266
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS48936.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A2BFB2, Q3UQB4
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000102924.4, ENSMUST00000107303.10
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd19687
      Location:45 → 121
      bHLHzip_Mlx; basic Helix-Loop-Helix-zipper (bHLHzip) domain found in Max-like protein X (Mlx) and similar proteins

    2. NM_001159385.1 → NP_001152857.1  max-like protein X isoform beta

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001152857.1

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) contains an additional coding exon compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (beta) thus, is longer than isoform alpha encoded by variant 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AF213671, AK011478, AK142605, BI202547, CK620266
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS48935.1
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A2BFB1, Q3UQB4
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000102923.2, ENSMUST00000107302.8
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cd19687
      Location:75 → 151
      bHLHzip_Mlx; basic Helix-Loop-Helix-zipper (bHLHzip) domain found in Max-like protein X (Mlx) and similar proteins

    3. NM_001425465.1 → NP_001412394.1  max-like protein X isoform 4

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      BX255926

    4. NM_001425466.1 → NP_001412395.1  max-like protein X isoform 5

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      BX255926

    5. NM_011550.3 → NP_035680.3  max-like protein X isoform gamma

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_035680.3

      Status: VALIDATED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3) contains two additional segments in the coding region compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (gamma) thus, is longer than isoform alpha encoded by variant 1.
      Source sequence(s)
      AF213672, AK011478, AK142605, BI202547, CK620266
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS25447.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O08609, Q9EQJ7, Q9EQJ8
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A2BFB0, Q8K0H8
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000017945.9, ENSMUST00000017945.15
      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00010
      Location:130 → 188
      HLH; Helix-loop-helix DNA-binding domain

    RNA

    1. NR_189304.1 RNA Sequence

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      BX255926

    2. NR_189305.1 RNA Sequence

      Status: VALIDATED

      Source sequence(s)
      BX255926

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

    Genomic

    1. NC_000077.7 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

      Range
      100978116..100983033
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Nucleotide Protein Strain
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    O08609.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:O08609

    Gene LinkOut

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