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    SPOCK2 SPARC (osteonectin), cwcv and kazal like domains proteoglycan 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

    Gene ID: 9806, updated on 11-Apr-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    SPOCK2provided by HGNC
    Official Full Name
    SPARC (osteonectin), cwcv and kazal like domains proteoglycan 2provided by HGNC
    Primary source
    HGNC:HGNC:13564
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSG00000107742 MIM:607988; AllianceGenome:HGNC:13564
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Homo sapiens
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
    Also known as
    testican-2
    Summary
    This gene encodes a protein which binds with glycosaminoglycans to form part of the extracellular matrix. The protein contains thyroglobulin type-1, follistatin-like, and calcium-binding domains, and has glycosaminoglycan attachment sites in the acidic C-terminal region. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]
    Expression
    Biased expression in lung (RPKM 58.9), brain (RPKM 55.4) and 13 other tissues See more
    Orthologs
    mouse all
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    Genomic context

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    Location:
    10q22.1
    Exon count:
    13
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 10 NC_000010.11 (72059034..72089032, complement)
    RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 10 NC_060934.1 (72929867..72959865, complement)
    105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 10 NC_000010.10 (73818792..73848790, complement)

    Chromosome 10 - NC_000010.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:73729339-73729882 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:73729883-73730426 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:73733189-73733688 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:73738687-73739188 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 3526 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 3527 Neighboring gene carbohydrate sulfotransferase 3 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr10:73751377-73751550 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:73757484-73758436 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124902448 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:73828839-73829346 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:73829527-73830028 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr10:73840535-73841319 Neighboring gene activating signal cointegrator 1 complex subunit 1 Neighboring gene small nucleolar RNA SNORA36 family Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr10:73950125-73950295 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L15 pseudogene 14

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
    • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
    • BioProject: PRJEB4337
    • Publication: PMID 24309898
    • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Integrated bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals SPOCK2 as a novel biomarker gene in the development of congenital pulmonary airway malformation. Tan Z, et al. Respir Res, 2023 May 10. PMID 37165378, Free PMC Article
    2. Testican-2 Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Incident ESKD. Wen D, et al. J Am Soc Nephrol, 2023 Jan 1. PMID 36288905, Free PMC Article
    3. SPOCK2 Promotes the Malignant Behavior of Ovarian Cancer via Regulation of the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Zhao S, et al. Biomed Res Int, 2022. PMID 36193300, Free PMC Article
    4. Circulating testican-2 is a podocyte-derived marker of kidney health. Ngo D, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2020 Oct 6. PMID 32958645, Free PMC Article
    5. Downregulation of SPOCK2 promotes the proliferation, adhesion, and invasion of endometrial epithelial cells. Ren F, et al. Gynecol Endocrinol, 2021 Mar. PMID 32851893

    See all (31) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. SPOCK2 gene expression is downregulated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells and correlates with prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer.
      Title: SPOCK2 gene expression is downregulated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells and correlates with prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer.
    2. Integrated bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals SPOCK2 as a novel biomarker gene in the development of congenital pulmonary airway malformation.
      Title: Integrated bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals SPOCK2 as a novel biomarker gene in the development of congenital pulmonary airway malformation.
    3. SPOCK2 and SPRED1 function downstream of EZH2 to impede the malignant progression of lung adenocarcinoma in vitro and in vivo.
      Title: SPOCK2 and SPRED1 function downstream of EZH2 to impede the malignant progression of lung adenocarcinoma in vitro and in vivo.
    4. Testican-2 Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Incident ESKD.
      Title: Testican-2 Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Incident ESKD.
    5. Downregulation of SPOCK2 promotes the proliferation, adhesion, and invasion of endometrial epithelial cells.
      Title: Downregulation of SPOCK2 promotes the proliferation, adhesion, and invasion of endometrial epithelial cells.
    6. SPOCK2 Affects the Biological Behavior of Endometrial Cancer Cells by Regulation of MT1-MMP and MMP2.
      Title: SPOCK2 Affects the Biological Behavior of Endometrial Cancer Cells by Regulation of MT1-MMP and MMP2.
    7. Circulating testican-2 is a podocyte-derived marker of kidney health.
      Title: Circulating testican-2 is a podocyte-derived marker of kidney health.
    8. Dysregulation of pseudogene/lncRNA-hsa-miR-363-3p-SPOCK2 pathway fuels stage progression of ovarian cancer.
      Title: Dysregulation of pseudogene/lncRNA-hsa-miR-363-3p-SPOCK2 pathway fuels stage progression of ovarian cancer.
    9. The upregulation of SPOCK2-encoded Testican2 proteoglycan and of ectodysplasin (EDA) protein was coupled with a down-regulation of EDA2 receptor (EDA2R).
      Title: Studies on sporadic non-syndromic thoracic aortic aneurysms: II. Alterations of extra-cellular matrix components and focal adhesion proteins.
    10. candidate susceptibility gene for bronchopulmonary dysplasia; lung expression pattern indicates potential role in alveolarization
      Title: Identification of SPOCK2 as a susceptibility gene for bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (13)

    Phenotypes

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    Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

    Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Description
    A genome-wide association study identifies novel loci associated with circulating IGF-I and IGFBP-3.
    EBI GWAS Catalog
    Genome-wide meta-analyses of smoking behaviors in African Americans.
    EBI GWAS Catalog

    Variation

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    See variants in ClinVar

    See studies and variants in dbVar

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

    See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

    Genotypes

    Interactions

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    Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Clone Names

    • FLJ97039

    Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables calcium ion binding IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables extracellular matrix binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables glycosaminoglycan binding IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables metalloendopeptidase inhibitor activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables protein binding IPI
    Inferred from Physical Interaction
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in cellular response to leukemia inhibitory factor IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in extracellular matrix organization NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in negative regulation of endopeptidase activity TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of cell motility TAS
    Traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in positive regulation of cell-substrate adhesion IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    involved_in regulation of cell differentiation NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    involved_in synapse assembly NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    located_in extracellular matrix NAS
    Non-traceable Author Statement
    more info
    		 PubMed 

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    testican-2
    Names
    SPARC/osteonectin, CWCV, and Kazal-like domains proteoglycan 2
    SPARC/osteonectin, cwcv and kazal like domains proteoglycan 2
    sparc/osteonectin, cwcv and kazal-like domains proteoglycan (testican) 2

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_001134434.1 → NP_001127906.1  testican-2 isoform 1 precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001127906.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) shares only the two most-5' exons with variant 2 and has a distinct exon at its 3' end. This results in a protein (isoform 1) with a severely truncated C-terminus that lacks a SPARC_EC domain when compared to isoform 2.
      Source sequence(s)
      AA922448, AK307091, AW026489, DA150747, DC305070
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS44431.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      Q92563
      Related
      ENSP00000397715.1, ENST00000412663.5

    2. NM_001244950.2 → NP_001231879.1  testican-2 isoform 2 precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001231879.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (3) has a different 5' UTR, compared to variant 2. Variants 2 and 3 encode the same protein (isoform 2).
      Source sequence(s)
      AC022392, BC023558, BQ029472
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS7313.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      C9J767, Q6UW87, Q92563
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8K8G3
      Related
      ENSP00000362201.2, ENST00000373109.7
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      smart00280
      Location:147 → 180
      KAZAL; Kazal type serine protease inhibitors
      cd00191
      Location:312 → 376
      TY; Thyroglobulin type I repeats.; The N-terminal region of human thyroglobulin contains 11 type-1 repeats TY repeats are proposed to be inhibitors of cysteine proteases
      cd00252
      Location:198 → 316
      SPARC_EC; SPARC_EC; extracellular Ca2+ binding domain (containing 2 EF-hand motifs) of SPARC and related proteins (QR1, SC1/hevin, testican and tsc-36/FRP). SPARC (BM-40) is a multifunctional glycoprotein, a matricellular protein, that functions to regulate ...
      pfam10591
      Location:197 → 303
      SPARC_Ca_bdg; Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine Ca binding region

    3. NM_014767.2 → NP_055582.1  testican-2 isoform 2 precursor

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_055582.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) represents the longer transcript and encodes the longer protein (isoform 2). Variants 2 and 3 encode the same protein.
      Source sequence(s)
      AC022392, AY358921, BP252465, BQ002304, D87465, DA150747, DC305070
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS7313.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      C9J767, Q6UW87, Q92563
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      A8K8G3
      Related
      ENSP00000321108.4, ENST00000317376.8
      Conserved Domains (4) summary
      smart00280
      Location:147 → 180
      KAZAL; Kazal type serine protease inhibitors
      cd00191
      Location:312 → 376
      TY; Thyroglobulin type I repeats.; The N-terminal region of human thyroglobulin contains 11 type-1 repeats TY repeats are proposed to be inhibitors of cysteine proteases
      cd00252
      Location:198 → 316
      SPARC_EC; SPARC_EC; extracellular Ca2+ binding domain (containing 2 EF-hand motifs) of SPARC and related proteins (QR1, SC1/hevin, testican and tsc-36/FRP). SPARC (BM-40) is a multifunctional glycoprotein, a matricellular protein, that functions to regulate ...
      pfam10591
      Location:197 → 303
      SPARC_Ca_bdg; Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine Ca binding region

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Genomic

    1. NC_000010.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

      Range
      72059034..72089032 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Genomic

    1. NC_060934.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

      Range
      72929867..72959865 complement
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
    Nucleotide Protein
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    Q92563.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q92563

    Gene LinkOut

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