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    Aanat arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase [ Mus musculus (house mouse) ]

    Gene ID: 11298, updated on 11-Apr-2024

    Summary

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    Official Symbol
    Aanatprovided by MGI
    Official Full Name
    arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferaseprovided by MGI
    Primary source
    MGI:MGI:1328365
    See related
    Ensembl:ENSMUSG00000020804 AllianceGenome:MGI:1328365
    Gene type
    protein coding
    RefSeq status
    REVIEWED
    Organism
    Mus musculus
    Lineage
    Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus
    Also known as
    Nat4; Snat; Nat-2; AA-NAT
    Summary
    The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the acetyltransferase superfamily. It is the penultimate enzyme in melatonin synthesis and controls the night/day rhythm in melatonin production in the vertebrate pineal gland. Melatonin is essential for the function of the circadian clock that influences activity and sleep. This enzyme is regulated by cAMP-dependent phosphorylation that promotes its interaction with 14-3-3 proteins and thus protects the enzyme against proteasomal degradation. This gene may contribute to numerous genetic diseases such as delayed sleep phase syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010]
    Expression
    Low expression observed in reference dataset See more
    Orthologs
    human all
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    Genomic context

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    Location:
    11 81.43 cM; 11 E2
    Exon count:
    5
    Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
    RS_2024_02 current GRCm39 (GCF_000001635.27) 11 NC_000077.7 (116482547..116489022)
    108.20200622 previous assembly GRCm38.p6 (GCF_000001635.26) 11 NC_000077.6 (116591721..116597680)

    Chromosome 11 - NC_000077.7Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene sphingosine kinase 1 Neighboring gene ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2O Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_31212 Neighboring gene rhomboid 5 homolog 2 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_31215 Neighboring gene STARR-seq mESC enhancer starr_31216 Neighboring gene cytoglobin Neighboring gene photoreceptor disc component Neighboring gene STARR-positive B cell enhancer ABC_E471 Neighboring gene small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 1C Neighboring gene small nucleolar RNA host gene 16

    Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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    Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

    Expression

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    • Project title: Mouse ENCODE transcriptome data
    • Description: RNA profiling data sets generated by the Mouse ENCODE project.
    • BioProject: PRJNA66167
    • Publication: PMID 25409824
    • Analysis date: n/a

    Bibliography

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    Related articles in PubMed

    1. Melatonin promotes male reproductive performance and increases testosterone synthesis in mammalian Leydig cells†. Yang M, et al. Biol Reprod, 2021 Jun 4. PMID 33709108
    2. Melatonin inhibits cytosolic mitochondrial DNA-induced neuroinflammatory signaling in accelerated aging and neurodegeneration. Jauhari A, et al. J Clin Invest, 2020 Jun 1. PMID 32182222, Free PMC Article
    3. Rat and Syrian hamster: two models for the regulation of AANAT gene expression. Simonneaux V, et al. Chronobiol Int, 2006. PMID 16687308
    4. Characterization of the serotoninergic system in the C57BL/6 mouse skin. Slominski A, et al. Eur J Biochem, 2003 Aug. PMID 12899690
    5. Circadian differences in behavioral sensitization to cocaine: putative role of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase. Uz T, et al. Life Sci, 2002 May 10. PMID 12138020

    See all (30) citations in PubMed

    GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

    What's a GeneRIF?
    1. The Uterine Melatonergic Systems of AANAT and Melatonin Membrane Receptor 2 (MT2) Are Essential for Endometrial Receptivity and Early Implantation in Mice.
      Title: The Uterine Melatonergic Systems of AANAT and Melatonin Membrane Receptor 2 (MT2) Are Essential for Endometrial Receptivity and Early Implantation in Mice.
    2. Report shows that the embryos synthesize melatonin by the enzyme Aanat which is located in the mitochondria.
      Title: Aanat Knockdown and Melatonin Supplementation in Embryo Development: Involvement of Mitochondrial Function and DNA Methylation.
    3. Inducing nighttime expression of Aanat facilitates nocturnal melatonin synthesis
      Title: Circadian dynamics of the cone-rod homeobox (CRX) transcription factor in the rat pineal gland and its role in regulation of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT).
    4. analysis of regulation of AANAT gene expression in rats and Syrian hamsters [review]
      Title: Rat and Syrian hamster: two models for the regulation of AANAT gene expression.
    5. AANAT expression and synthesis of N-acetylserotonin/melatonin could play a role in addictive properties of cocaine
      Title: Circadian differences in behavioral sensitization to cocaine: putative role of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase.
    Submit: New GeneRIF Correction

    Variation

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    Alleles

    Alleles of this type are documented at Mouse Genome Informatics  (MGI)

    Pathways from PubChem

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    General gene information

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    Markers

    Homology

    Clone Names

    • MGC151344

    Gene Ontology Provided by MGI

    Function Evidence Code Pubs
    enables 14-3-3 protein binding ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables acyltransferase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables acyltransferase activity, transferring groups other than amino-acyl groups IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    enables aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase activity IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    enables aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase activity ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    enables arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity IDA
    Inferred from Direct Assay
    more info
    		 PubMed 
    enables transferase activity IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Process Evidence Code Pubs
    involved_in N-terminal protein amino acid acetylation ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in cellular response to cAMP ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in circadian rhythm IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in circadian rhythm ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in melatonin biosynthetic process IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in melatonin biosynthetic process ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in photoperiodism ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in response to copper ion ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in response to insulin ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in response to light stimulus IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    involved_in response to organic cyclic compound ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in response to prostaglandin E ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    involved_in response to zinc ion ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    acts_upstream_of_or_within rhythmic process IEA
    Inferred from Electronic Annotation
    more info
    		  
    Component Evidence Code Pubs
    is_active_in cytoplasm IBA
    Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
    more info
    		  
    located_in cytosol ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  
    located_in perinuclear region of cytoplasm ISO
    Inferred from Sequence Orthology
    more info
    		  

    General protein information

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    Preferred Names
    serotonin N-acetyltransferase
    Names
    aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase
    serotonin acetylase
    NP_033721.1
    XP_030101333.1
    XP_030101334.1

    NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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    RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

    These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

    These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. NM_009591.3 → NP_033721.1  serotonin N-acetyltransferase

      See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_033721.1

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (1) represents the shorter and protein-coding transcript.
      Source sequence(s)
      AL607039, CO040083
      Consensus CDS
      CCDS25671.1
      UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
      O88816
      UniProtKB/TrEMBL
      Q14A64
      Related
      ENSMUSP00000122895.2, ENSMUST00000153476.8
      Conserved Domains (2) summary
      COG0456
      Location:31 → 175
      RimI; Ribosomal protein S18 acetylase RimI and related acetyltransferases [Translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis]
      cl17182
      Location:31 → 179
      NAT_SF; N-Acyltransferase superfamily: Various enyzmes that characteristicly catalyze the transfer of an acyl group to a substrate

    RNA

    1. NR_033223.1 RNA Sequence

      Status: REVIEWED

      Description
      Transcript Variant: This variant (2) contains an alternate internal exon, compared to variant 1. This variant is represented as non-coding because the use of the 5'-most supported translational start codon, as used in variant 1, renders the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
      Source sequence(s)
      AF004110, AL607039, CO040083
      Related
      ENSMUST00000021160.10

    RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001635.27-RS_2024_02

    The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

    Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

    Genomic

    1. NC_000077.7 Reference GRCm39 C57BL/6J

      Range
      116482547..116489022
      Download
      GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

    mRNA and Protein(s)

    1. XM_030245473.2 → XP_030101333.1  serotonin N-acetyltransferase isoform X1

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      cl17182
      Location:67 → 129
      NAT_SF; N-Acyltransferase superfamily: Various enyzmes that characteristicly catalyze the transfer of an acyl group to a substrate

    2. XM_030245474.2 → XP_030101334.1  serotonin N-acetyltransferase isoform X2

      Conserved Domains (1) summary
      pfam00583
      Location:81 → 207
      Acetyltransf_1; Acetyltransferase (GNAT) family
    Nucleotide Protein Strain
    Heading Accession and Version
    Protein Accession Links
    GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
    O88816.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:O88816

    Gene LinkOut

    The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

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