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Proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndrome 1(PRAAS1)

MedGen UID:
1648310
Concept ID:
C4746851
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: AUTOINFLAMMATION, LIPODYSTROPHY, AND DERMATOSIS SYNDROME; CHRONIC ATYPICAL NEUTROPHILIC DERMATOSIS WITH LIPODYSTROPHY AND ELEVATED TEMPERATURE SYNDROME; JMP SYNDROME; JOINT CONTRACTURES, MUSCULAR ATROPHY, MICROCYTIC ANEMIA, AND PANNICULITIS-INDUCED LIPODYSTROPHY; Nakajo syndrome; NAKAJO-NISHIMURA SYNDROME; Nodular erythema digital changes; PRAAS1
 
Gene (location): PSMB8 (6p21.32)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0054698
OMIM®: 256040
Orphanet: ORPHA2615

Definition

This autosomal recessive systemic autoinflammatory disorder is characterized by early childhood onset of annular erythematous plaques on the face and extremities with subsequent development of partial lipodystrophy and laboratory evidence of immune dysregulation. More variable features include recurrent fever, severe joint contractures, muscle weakness and atrophy, hepatosplenomegaly, basal ganglia calcifications, and microcytic anemia (summary by Agarwal et al., 2010; Kitamura et al., 2011; Arima et al., 2011). This disorder encompasses Nakajo-Nishimura syndrome (NKJO); joint contractures, muscular atrophy, microcytic anemia, and panniculitis-induced lipodystrophy (JMP syndrome); and chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatosis with lipodystrophy and elevated temperature syndrome (CANDLE). Among Japanese patients, this disorder is best described as Nakajo-Nishimura syndrome, since both Nakajo (1939) and Nishimura et al. (1950) contributed to the original phenotypic descriptions. Genetic Heterogeneity of Proteasome-Associated Autoinflammatory Syndrome See also PRAAS2 (618048), caused by mutation in the POMP gene (613386) on chromosome 13q12; PRAAS3 (617591), caused by mutation in the PSMB4 gene (602177) on chromosome 1q21; PRAAS4 (619183), caused by mutation in the PSMG2 gene (609702) on chromosome 18p11; and PRAAS5 (619175), caused by mutation in the PSMB10 gene (176847) on chromosome 16q22. [from OMIM]

Additional description

From MedlinePlus Genetics
Nakajo-Nishimura syndrome is an inherited condition that affects many parts of the body and has been described only in the Japanese population. Beginning in infancy or early childhood, affected individuals develop red, swollen lumps (nodular erythema) on the skin that occur most often in cold weather; recurrent fevers; and elongated fingers and toes with widened and rounded tips (clubbing).

Later in childhood, affected individuals develop joint pain and joint deformities called contractures that limit movement, particularly in the hands, wrists, and elbows. They also experience weakness and wasting of muscles, along with a loss of fatty tissue (lipodystrophy), mainly in the upper body. The combination of muscle and fat loss worsens over time, leading to an extremely thin (emaciated) appearance in the face, chest, and arms.

Other signs and symptoms of Nakajo-Nishimura syndrome can include an enlarged liver and spleen (hepatosplenomegaly), a shortage of red blood cells (anemia), a reduced amount of blood cells called platelets (thrombocytopenia), and abnormal deposits of calcium (calcification) in an area of the brain called the basal ganglia. Intellectual disability has been reported in some affected individuals.

The signs and symptoms of Nakajo-Nishimura syndrome overlap with those of two other conditions: one called joint contractures, muscular atrophy, microcytic anemia, and panniculitis-induced lipodystrophy (JMP) syndrome; and the other called chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatosis with lipodystrophy and elevated temperature (CANDLE) syndrome. All three conditions are characterized by skin abnormalities and lipodystrophy. Although they are often considered separate disorders, they are caused by mutations in the same gene, and some researchers believe they may represent different forms of a single condition.  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/nakajo-nishimura-syndrome

Clinical features

From HPO
Arthralgia
MedGen UID:
13917
Concept ID:
C0003862
Sign or Symptom
Joint pain.
Bone pain
MedGen UID:
57489
Concept ID:
C0151825
Sign or Symptom
An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to bone.
Irregular menstruation
MedGen UID:
56379
Concept ID:
C0156404
Finding
Abnormally high variation in the amount of time between periods.
Clubbing of fingers
MedGen UID:
3129
Concept ID:
C0009080
Finding
Terminal broadening of the fingers (distal phalanges of the fingers).
Hallux valgus
MedGen UID:
5416
Concept ID:
C0018536
Anatomical Abnormality
Lateral deviation of the great toe (i.e., in the direction of the little toe).
Finger swelling
MedGen UID:
65989
Concept ID:
C0239598
Finding
Enlargement of the soft tissues of one or more fingers.
Flexion contracture of toe
MedGen UID:
237248
Concept ID:
C1406835
Finding
One or more bent (flexed) toe joints that cannot be straightened actively or passively.
Long fingers
MedGen UID:
346836
Concept ID:
C1858091
Finding
The middle finger is more than 2 SD above the mean for newborns 27 to 41 weeks EGA or above the 97th centile for children from birth to 16 years of age AND the five digits retain their normal length proportions relative to each other (i.e., it is not the case that the middle finger is the only lengthened digit), or, Fingers that appear disproportionately long compared to the palm of the hand.
Cardiac arrhythmia
MedGen UID:
2039
Concept ID:
C0003811
Finding
Any cardiac rhythm other than the normal sinus rhythm. Such a rhythm may be either of sinus or ectopic origin and either regular or irregular. An arrhythmia may be due to a disturbance in impulse formation or conduction or both.
Cardiomegaly
MedGen UID:
5459
Concept ID:
C0018800
Finding
Increased size of the heart, clinically defined as an increased transverse diameter of the cardiac silhouette that is greater than or equal to 50% of the transverse diameter of the chest (increased cardiothoracic ratio) on a posterior-anterior projection of a chest radiograph or a computed tomography.
Congestive heart failure
MedGen UID:
9169
Concept ID:
C0018802
Disease or Syndrome
The presence of an abnormality of cardiac function that is responsible for the failure of the heart to pump blood at a rate that is commensurate with the needs of the tissues or a state in which abnormally elevated filling pressures are required for the heart to do so. Heart failure is frequently related to a defect in myocardial contraction.
Growth abnormality
MedGen UID:
808205
Concept ID:
C0262361
Finding
Short stature
MedGen UID:
87607
Concept ID:
C0349588
Finding
A height below that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Although there is no universally accepted definition of short stature, many refer to "short stature" as height more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender (or below the 3rd percentile for age and gender dependent norms).
Growth delay
MedGen UID:
99124
Concept ID:
C0456070
Pathologic Function
A deficiency or slowing down of growth pre- and postnatally.
Failure to thrive
MedGen UID:
746019
Concept ID:
C2315100
Disease or Syndrome
Failure to thrive (FTT) refers to a child whose physical growth is substantially below the norm.
Hepatomegaly
MedGen UID:
42428
Concept ID:
C0019209
Finding
Abnormally increased size of the liver.
Chronic constipation
MedGen UID:
98325
Concept ID:
C0401149
Sign or Symptom
Constipation for longer than three months with fewer than 3 bowel movements per week, straining, lumpy or hard stools, and a sensation of anorectal obstruction or incomplete defecation.
Protuberant abdomen
MedGen UID:
340750
Concept ID:
C1854928
Finding
A thrusting or bulging out of the abdomen.
Macrotia
MedGen UID:
488785
Concept ID:
C0152421
Congenital Abnormality
Median longitudinal ear length greater than two standard deviations above the mean and median ear width greater than two standard deviations above the mean (objective); or, apparent increase in length and width of the pinna (subjective).
Intellectual disability, mild
MedGen UID:
10044
Concept ID:
C0026106
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Mild intellectual disability is defined as an intelligence quotient (IQ) in the range of 50-69.
Seizure
MedGen UID:
20693
Concept ID:
C0036572
Sign or Symptom
A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
Reduced tendon reflexes
MedGen UID:
356648
Concept ID:
C1866934
Finding
Diminution of tendon reflexes, which is an invariable sign of peripheral nerve disease.
Intellectual disability
MedGen UID:
811461
Concept ID:
C3714756
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.
Thrombocytopenia
MedGen UID:
52737
Concept ID:
C0040034
Disease or Syndrome
A reduction in the number of circulating thrombocytes.
Microcytic anemia
MedGen UID:
1673948
Concept ID:
C5194182
Disease or Syndrome
A kind of anemia in which the volume of the red blood cells is reduced.
Lipodystrophy
MedGen UID:
6111
Concept ID:
C0023787
Disease or Syndrome
Degenerative changes of the fat tissue.
Muscle weakness
MedGen UID:
57735
Concept ID:
C0151786
Finding
Reduced strength of muscles.
Flexion contracture
MedGen UID:
83069
Concept ID:
C0333068
Anatomical Abnormality
A flexion contracture is a bent (flexed) joint that cannot be straightened actively or passively. It is thus a chronic loss of joint motion due to structural changes in muscle, tendons, ligaments, or skin that prevents normal movement of joints.
Elbow flexion contracture
MedGen UID:
98367
Concept ID:
C0409338
Acquired Abnormality
An elbow contracture that limits the ability of the elbow joint to be extended (straightened), meaning that the elbow is fixed in an flexed (bent) position.
Camptodactyly of finger
MedGen UID:
98041
Concept ID:
C0409348
Finding
The distal interphalangeal joint and/or the proximal interphalangeal joint of the fingers cannot be extended to 180 degrees by either active or passive extension.
Muscular atrophy
MedGen UID:
892680
Concept ID:
C0541794
Pathologic Function
The presence of skeletal muscular atrophy (which is also known as amyotrophy).
Basal ganglia calcification
MedGen UID:
234651
Concept ID:
C1389280
Pathologic Function
The presence of calcium deposition affecting one or more structures of the basal ganglia.
Loss of facial adipose tissue
MedGen UID:
325251
Concept ID:
C1837767
Finding
Loss of normal subcutaneous fat tissue in the face.
Hypoplastic scapulae
MedGen UID:
337579
Concept ID:
C1846434
Finding
Underdeveloped scapula.
Flexion contracture of finger
MedGen UID:
387792
Concept ID:
C1857304
Finding
Chronic loss of joint motion in a finger due to structural changes in non-bony tissue.
Adipose tissue loss
MedGen UID:
870181
Concept ID:
C4024615
Finding
A loss of adipose tissue.
Recurrent sinusitis
MedGen UID:
107919
Concept ID:
C0581354
Disease or Syndrome
A recurrent form of sinusitis.
Recurrent upper respiratory tract infections
MedGen UID:
154380
Concept ID:
C0581381
Disease or Syndrome
An increased susceptibility to upper respiratory tract infections as manifested by a history of recurrent upper respiratory tract infections (running ears - otitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis).
Conjunctivitis
MedGen UID:
1093
Concept ID:
C0009763
Disease or Syndrome
Inflammation of the conjunctiva.
Epididymitis
MedGen UID:
4986
Concept ID:
C0014534
Disease or Syndrome
The presence of inflammation of the epididymis.
Episcleritis
MedGen UID:
4994
Concept ID:
C0014583
Disease or Syndrome
Inflammation of the episclera, a thin layer of tissue covering the white part (sclera) of the eye.
Erythema nodosum
MedGen UID:
41858
Concept ID:
C0014743
Disease or Syndrome
An erythematous eruption commonly associated with drug reactions or infection and characterized by inflammatory nodules that are usually tender, multiple, and bilateral.
Panniculitis
MedGen UID:
45301
Concept ID:
C0030326
Disease or Syndrome
Inflammation of subcutaneous adipose tissue.
Splenomegaly
MedGen UID:
52469
Concept ID:
C0038002
Finding
Abnormal increased size of the spleen.
Increased circulating IgA level
MedGen UID:
66800
Concept ID:
C0239984
Finding
An abnormally increased level of immunoglobulin A in blood.
Lymphadenopathy
MedGen UID:
96929
Concept ID:
C0497156
Disease or Syndrome
Enlargment (swelling) of a lymph node.
Recurrent otitis media
MedGen UID:
155436
Concept ID:
C0747085
Disease or Syndrome
Increased susceptibility to otitis media, as manifested by recurrent episodes of otitis media.
Increased circulating IgG level
MedGen UID:
347032
Concept ID:
C1858977
Finding
An abnormally increased level of immunoglobulin G in blood.
Increased circulating interferon-gamma concentration
MedGen UID:
892529
Concept ID:
C4072900
Finding
An elevation in the concentration of interferon gamma measured in the blood circulation.
Increased circulating interleukin 6 concentration
MedGen UID:
901461
Concept ID:
C4280771
Finding
The concentration of interleukin-6 in the blood circulation is above the upper limit of normal.
Increased circulating antibody level
MedGen UID:
1713383
Concept ID:
C5397581
Finding
An increased level of gamma globulin (immunoglobulin) in the blood.
Increased circulating interleukin 8 concentration
MedGen UID:
1752541
Concept ID:
C5421665
Finding
An increased concentration of interleukin-8 in the circulation.
Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate
MedGen UID:
57727
Concept ID:
C0151632
Finding
An increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). The ESR is a test that measures the distance that erythrocytes have fallen after one hour in a vertical column of anticoagulated blood under the influence of gravity. The ESR is a nonspecific finding. An elevation may indicate inflammation or may be caused by any condition that elevates fibrinogen.
Impaired glucose tolerance
MedGen UID:
852424
Concept ID:
C0151671
Finding
An abnormal resistance to glucose, i.e., a reduction in the ability to maintain glucose levels in the blood stream within normal limits following oral or intravenous administration of glucose.
Decreased HDL cholesterol concentration
MedGen UID:
57731
Concept ID:
C0151691
Finding
An decreased concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the blood.
Hypertriglyceridemia
MedGen UID:
167238
Concept ID:
C0813230
Finding
An abnormal increase in the level of triglycerides in the blood.
Elevated circulating hepatic transaminase concentration
MedGen UID:
338525
Concept ID:
C1848701
Finding
Elevations of the levels of SGOT and SGPT in the serum. SGOT (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase) and SGPT (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase) are transaminases primarily found in the liver and heart and are released into the bloodstream as the result of liver or heart damage. SGOT and SGPT are used clinically mainly as markers of liver damage.
Recurrent fever
MedGen UID:
811468
Concept ID:
C3714772
Sign or Symptom
Periodic (episodic or recurrent) bouts of fever.
Elevated circulating C-reactive protein concentration
MedGen UID:
892906
Concept ID:
C4023452
Finding
An abnormal elevation of the C-reactive protein level in the blood circulation.
Macroglossia
MedGen UID:
44236
Concept ID:
C0024421
Disease or Syndrome
Increased length and width of the tongue.
Parotitis
MedGen UID:
45335
Concept ID:
C0030583
Disease or Syndrome
Inflammation of the parotid gland.
Prominent nose
MedGen UID:
98423
Concept ID:
C0426415
Finding
Distance between subnasale and pronasale more than two standard deviations above the mean, or alternatively, an apparently increased anterior protrusion of the nasal tip.
Thick lower lip vermilion
MedGen UID:
326567
Concept ID:
C1839739
Finding
Increased thickness of the lower lip, leading to a prominent appearance of the lower lip. The height of the vermilion of the lower lip in the midline is more than 2 SD above the mean. Alternatively, an apparently increased height of the vermilion of the lower lip in the frontal view (subjective).
Acanthosis nigricans
MedGen UID:
54
Concept ID:
C0000889
Disease or Syndrome
A dermatosis characterized by thickened, hyperpigmented plaques, typically on the intertriginous surfaces and neck.
Hypertrichosis
MedGen UID:
43787
Concept ID:
C0020555
Disease or Syndrome
Hypertrichosis is increased hair growth that is abnormal in quantity or location.
Erythema
MedGen UID:
11999
Concept ID:
C0041834
Disease or Syndrome
Redness of the skin, caused by hyperemia of the capillaries in the lower layers of the skin.
Hyperpigmentation of the skin
MedGen UID:
57992
Concept ID:
C0162834
Pathologic Function
A darkening of the skin related to an increase in melanin production and deposition.
Skin plaque
MedGen UID:
69134
Concept ID:
C0241148
Finding
A plaque is a solid, raised, plateau-like (flat-topped) lesion greater than 1 cm in diameter.
Premature graying of hair
MedGen UID:
75524
Concept ID:
C0263498
Finding
Development of gray hair at a younger than normal age.
Progeroid facial appearance
MedGen UID:
341830
Concept ID:
C1857710
Finding
A degree of wrinkling of the facial skin that is more than expected for the age of the individual, leading to a prematurely aged appearance.
Sparse axillary hair
MedGen UID:
348975
Concept ID:
C1858574
Finding
Reduced number or density of axillary hair.
Stiff skin
MedGen UID:
478445
Concept ID:
C3276815
Finding
An induration (hardening) of the skin
Elevated circulating thyroid-stimulating hormone concentration
MedGen UID:
108325
Concept ID:
C0586553
Finding
Increased concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the blood circulation.
Gynecomastia
MedGen UID:
6694
Concept ID:
C0018418
Disease or Syndrome
Abnormal development of large mammary glands in males resulting in breast enlargement.
Proptosis
MedGen UID:
41917
Concept ID:
C0015300
Disease or Syndrome
An eye that is protruding anterior to the plane of the face to a greater extent than is typical.
Punctate opacification of the cornea
MedGen UID:
867207
Concept ID:
C4021565
Finding
Punctate opacification (reduced transparency) of the corneal stroma.

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVProteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndrome 1

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Ebstein F, Poli Harlowe MC, Studencka-Turski M, Krüger E
Front Immunol 2019;10:2756. Epub 2019 Nov 26 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02756. PMID: 31827472Free PMC Article
Almeida de Jesus A, Goldbach-Mansky R
Clin Immunol 2013 Jun;147(3):155-74. Epub 2013 Apr 9 doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2013.03.016. PMID: 23711932Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Dafun AS, Živković D, Leon-Icaza SA, Möller S, Froment C, Bonnet D, de Jesus AA, Alric L, Quaranta-Nicaise M, Ferrand A, Cougoule C, Meunier E, Burlet-Schiltz O, Ebstein F, Goldbach-Mansky R, Krüger E, Bousquet MP, Marcoux J
Cells 2023 Mar 8;12(6) doi: 10.3390/cells12060844. PMID: 36980185Free PMC Article
Kanazawa N, Hemmi H, Kinjo N, Ohnishi H, Hamazaki J, Mishima H, Kinoshita A, Mizushima T, Hamada S, Hamada K, Kawamoto N, Kadowaki S, Honda Y, Izawa K, Nishikomori R, Tsumura M, Yamashita Y, Tamura S, Orimo T, Ozasa T, Kato T, Sasaki I, Fukuda-Ohta Y, Wakaki-Nishiyama N, Inaba Y, Kunimoto K, Okada S, Taketani T, Nakanishi K, Murata S, Yoshiura KI, Kaisho T
Nat Commun 2021 Nov 24;12(1):6819. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-27085-y. PMID: 34819510Free PMC Article
Kone-Paut I, Georgin-Laviallec S, Galeotti C, Rossi-Semerano L, Hentgen V, Savey L, Saadoun D, Sarrabay G, Touitou I
Joint Bone Spine 2019 Oct;86(5):554-561. Epub 2018 Nov 22 doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2018.11.003. PMID: 30471422
Brehm A, Krüger E
Semin Immunopathol 2015 Jul;37(4):323-33. Epub 2015 May 12 doi: 10.1007/s00281-015-0486-4. PMID: 25963519

Clinical prediction guides

Ebstein F, Poli Harlowe MC, Studencka-Turski M, Krüger E
Front Immunol 2019;10:2756. Epub 2019 Nov 26 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02756. PMID: 31827472Free PMC Article

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